RESUMO
Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is an important staple crop for food security in Africa and South America. The present study describes an integrated genomic and metabolomic approach to the characterization of Latin American cassava germplasm. Classification based on genotyping correlated with the leaf metabolome and indicated a key finding of adaption to specific eco-geographical environments. In contrast, the root metabolome did not relate to genotypic clustering, suggesting the different spatial regulation of this tissue's metabolome. The data were used to generate pan-metabolomes for specific tissues, and the inclusion of phenotypic data enabled the identification of metabolic sectors underlying traits of interest. For example, tolerance to whiteflies (Aleurotrachelus socialis) was not linked directly to cyanide content but to cell wall-related phenylpropanoid or apocarotenoid content. Collectively, these data advance the community resources and provide valuable insight into new candidate parental breeding materials with traits of interest directly related to combating food security.
Assuntos
Manihot , Manihot/genética , Manihot/metabolismo , América Latina , Melhoramento Vegetal , Fenótipo , GenótipoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential of hyperspectral imaging for the characterization of cooking quality parameters, dry matter content (DMC), water absorption (WAB), and texture in cassava genotypes contrasting for their cooking quality. RESULTS: Hyperspectral images were acquired on cooked and fresh intact longitudinal and transversal slices from 31 cassava genotypes harvested in March 2022 in Colombia. Different chemometric methods were tested for the quantification of DMC, WAB, and texture parameters. Data analysis was conducted through partial least squares regression, K nearest neighbors regression, support vector machine regression and CovSel multiple linear regression (CovSel_MLR). Efficient performances were obtained for DMC using CovSel_MLR with, coefficient of multiple determination R p 2 = 0.94 $$ {R}_p^2=0.94 $$ , root-mean-square error of prediction RMSEP = 0.96 g/100 g, and ratio of the standard deviation values RPD = 3.60. High heterogeneity was observed between contrasting genotypes. The predicted distribution of DMC within the root can be homogeneous or heterogeneous depending on the genotype. Weak predictions were obtained for WAB and texture parameters. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that hyperspectral imaging could be used as a high-throughput phenotyping tool for the visualization of DMC in contrasting cooking quality genotypes. Further improvement of protocols and larger datasets are required for WAB and texture quality traits. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
RESUMO
RESUMEN La población universitaria presenta cambios en su estilo de vida, que se refleja en su composición corporal, y alteraciones metabólicas. Los estudiantes del área de la salud son futuros promotores de estilos de vida saludables. El objetivo de este trabajo fue identificar la frecuencia del Síndrome metabólico (SM) y sus componentes en los estudiantes del programa de Nutrición y Dietética. Noventa estudiantes de 18 a 25 años, en quienes se evaluaron los componentes del SM, la actividad física por acelerometría, el consumo de alcohol mediante el cuestionario Audit, tabaquismo y horas de sueño por el método Pittsburgh. Las prevalencias encontradas fueron: SM 1,1%, circunferencia de cintura elevada 4,5%, triglicéridos altos 11%, HDL bajos 32%, presión arterial elevada 1,1%. Se encontró que 73% cumplían con las recomendaciones de actividad física recomendadas por la OMS. Sin embargo, el 100% de los estudiantes pasaron más de 9 horas sedentarias por día, el 6,7% presentaron un consumo de alcohol catalogado como perjudicial, 19% estuvieron expuestos al humo o eran fumadores, y el 63,3% se consideraron como malos dormidores. No hubo asociación entre las variables del estilo de vida con los componentes del SM. En conclusión, los triglicéridos altos y las HDL bajas, el sedentarismo y la baja calidad de sueño son variables importantes para tener en consideración en programas de intervención con la finalidad de ser nutricionistas coherentes con la profesión.
ABSTRACT Changes to body composition and metabolic functions occur in the university population due to lifestyle choices. Students in the health programs are expected to fulfill a fundamental role in promoting healthy lifestyles. The objective of this work was to identify the frequency of Metabolic Syndrome (MS) and its components among students of a Nutrition and Dietetics program. Ninety students between 18 and 21 years old were evaluated for each of the components of the MS, physical activity by accelerometry, alcohol consumption by Audit questionnaire, smoking, and hours of sleep by Pittsburgh method. The prevalence found were: MS 1.1%, high waist circumference 4.5%, high triglycerides 11%, low HDL 32%, high blood pressure 1.1%. Regarding variables related to lifestyle habits, 73% complied with physical activity recommendations recommended by the WHO. However, 100% of the students were sedentary more than 9 hours per day, 6.7% had alcohol consumption classified as harmful, 19% were exposed to smoke or were smokers, and 63.3% were considered bad sleepers. There was no association between lifestyle variables and the MS components. In conclusion, high triglycerides, low HDL, sedentary lifestyle, and low sleep quality are crucial variables to consider in intervention programs aimed at training nutritionist, in keeping with the profession.