The development of Tibetan children's racial bias in empathy: The mediating role of ethnic identity and wrongfulness of ethnic intergroup bias.

OBJECTIVES: Individuals often automatically have more empathy for same-race members. However, there are no studies on racial bias in empathy (RBE) among Tibetan school-aged children. The present study aimed to examine the development of RBEs, including racial bias in cognitive empathy, affective empathy, and behavioral empathy, in Tibetan school-aged children. METHOD: In Experiment 1 (N = 108, aged 7-12), ethnic identity was primed using Tibetan and Han names. Then negative and neutral events were applied to measure the RBEs of Tibetan children. In Experiment 2 (N = 148, aged 7-12), negative events were replaced by pain events. In Experiment 3 (N = 60, aged 7-12), Tibetan children's ethnic identity and the awareness of the wrongfulness of ethnic intergroup bias were added to examine the underlying mechanism. RESULT: Results found that RBEs increased among Tibetan children aged 7-10 and decreased among those aged 11-12, Moreover, we analyzed age as a continuous variable and found that 10 years old was the inflection point in the development of RBEs in Tibetan children. Importantly, children aged 11-12 years old realized more wrongfulness of ethnic intergroup bias than children aged 7-10. The ethnic identity of Tibetan children aged 7-10 mediated the relation between age group and RBEs. And the wrongfulness of ethnic intergroup bias mediated the link between age group and RBEs in Tibetan children aged 9-12. CONCLUSION: Our study sheds light on the development of RBEs in Tibetan school-aged children and highlights the importance of identifying the appropriate timing for intervening in prejudice. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Beyond Just Giving Care: Exploring the Role of Culture in Chinese American Personal Care Aides' Work.

As the number of older Chinese Americans with immigration background increases, there is a growing need for Chinese American personal care aides (CA-PCAs) to assist them with aging at home by providing culturally congruent and linguistically competent service. However, little is known about how culture factors into the caregiving process and influences CA-PCAs' well-being. In this study, two focus groups were conducted with ten immigrant CA-PCAs and conventional content analysis was used to analyze the qualitative data. Seven cultural themes were identified, including guanxi (relationship), renqing (favor), mianzi/lian (face), hierarchy and authority, communication, harmony, and elder respect. By drawing attention to the idiosyncratic cultural landscape and entailed challenges faced by underrepresented CA-PCAs, the investigators corroborate the importance of cultural sensitivity for working with ethnic minority non-familial caregivers. The findings shed light on cultural factors that can be targeted by culturally sensitive direct practices, programs, and policies.

The Voice of Morality: The Two-Way Relationship Between the Beauty of Voice and Moral Goodness.

BACKGROUND: Morality is a point of great concern to us in our social interactions. We also assess people's morality based on a variety of external factors. Research has found that the beauty of faces can influence people's moral assessments, and that moral assessments can in turn influence our judgments about the beauty of faces. In real life, the voice is a very important communication mediu. People can gain knowledge of individuals through their voices. However, the relationship between voice beauty and moral goodness has never been investigated. OBJECTIVES: So, the present study investigated the two-way relationship between voice beauty and moral goodness traits during impression formation. METHOD: We collected empirical data from 32 college students in China followed the impression formation paradigm in Experiment 1 and collected empirical data from 32 college students in China followed moral priming paradigm. RESULTS: The results of Experiment 1 showed that high attractive voices were more likely to be judged to have higher moral goodness levels. Conversely, the results of Experiment 2 showed that the moral priming condition revealed a higher score for the voice than the immoral condition. The results showed that the bidirectional validation of voice beauty-moral goodness was significant, that is, participants tend to rate high attractive voices with higher moral goodness levels, and rate moral people's voices with higher beauty. CONCLUSION: Based on these results, we found a two-way relationship between the beauty of voice and morality, and once again demonstrated the role of voice in message transmission.