RESUMO
Amostras uropatogênicas de Escherichia coli isoladas de indivíduos moradores de localidades distintas na Cidade do Rio de Janeiro, foram caracterizadas quanto o sorotipo, propriedades hemolíticas e hemaglutinantes, susceptibilidade a antimicrobianos e perfil isoenzimático. O método molecular empregado associado com a investigação de marcadores de urovirulência, permitiu detectar uma grande diversidade entre os isolados. Entretanto, foi observada uma relação mais estreita entre amostras de Escherichia coli epidemiologicamente relacionadas.
Uropathogenic Escherichia coli strains isolated from individuals living in different areas of the city of Rio de Janeiro were characterized according to serotype, hemolytic properties, hemagglutination properties, antimicrobial susceptibility and isoenzymatic profile. The molecular approach used, together with investigation of urovirulence markers, enabled detection of great diversity among the isolates. However, closer relationships were observed between epidemiologically related Escherichia coli samples.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Gravidez , Pré-Escolar , Adulto , Escherichia coli , Infecções por Escherichia coli/microbiologia , Infecções Urinárias/microbiologia , Brasil , Escherichia coli/enzimologia , Escherichia coli/genética , Escherichia coli/patogenicidade , Hemaglutinação , Fatores de Hemolisina/análise , Testes de Sensibilidade MicrobianaRESUMO
Amostras uropatogênicas de Escherichia coli isoladas de indivíduos moradores de localidades distintas na Cidade do Rio de Janeiro, foram caracterizadas quanto o sorotipo, propriedades hemolíticas e hemaglutinantes, susceptibilidade a antimicrobianos e perfil isoenzimático. O método molecular empregado associado com a investigação de marcadores de urovirulência, permitiu detectar uma grande diversidade entre os isolados. Entretanto, foi observada uma relação mais estreita entre amostras de Escherichia coli epidemiologicamente relacionadas
RESUMO
Triatoma rubrovaria has become the most frequently captured triatomine species since the control of T. infestans in the state of Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil. The aim of this study was to evaluate aspects of the vectorial competence of T. rubrovaria using nymphs raised in laboratory under environmental conditions of temperature and humidity and fed on mice. The average developmental period of T. rubrovaria was 180.1 days. The percentage of defecation shortly after feeding was still higher than previous studies in which samples of T. rubrovaria subjected to a slight starvation period before the blood meal were used. The obtained results support former indication that T. rubrovaria presents bionomic characteristics propitious to be a good vector of Trypanosoma cruzi to man. Therefore its domiciliary invasion process must be continuously monitored.
Assuntos
Animais , Camundongos , Defecação/fisiologia , Insetos Vetores/fisiologia , Triatoma/fisiologia , Doença de Chagas/transmissão , Privação de Alimentos , Comportamento Alimentar/fisiologia , Ninfa/fisiologia , Fatores de Tempo , Trypanosoma cruzi , Triatoma/crescimento & desenvolvimentoRESUMO
Data from the Chagas Disease Control Program indicate a growing domiciliary and peridomiciliary invasion of Triatoma rubrovaria in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, where it has become the most frequent triatomine species captured there since the control of T. infestans. Bionomic characteristics that could influence the vectorial capacity of T. rubrovaria as vector of Trypanosoma cruzi were evaluated: patterns of (i) feeding, (ii) defecation, and (iii) resistance to starvation, using insects fed on mice. Fifty three percent of the females showed a defecation pattern conducive to chagasic transmission, defecating either on or near the bite site. The averages of the resistance to starvation varied from 48.1 to 179 days, for the first and fifth nymphal stages, respectively. Our study shows that with respect to the patterns of feeding, defecation and resistance to fasting, T. rubrovaria presented similar rates to the ones observed for other effective vector species, such as T. infestans. Thus, based on our studies we conclude that T. rubrovaria has biological characteristics that can positively influence its capacity to become infected and transmit T. cruzi, and also to keep residual populations after chemical control interventions
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Feminino , Camundongos , Defecação , Comportamento Alimentar , Insetos Vetores , Inanição , Triatoma , Doença de Chagas , Fatores de Tempo , Trypanosoma cruziRESUMO
Triatoma rubrovaria has become the most frequently captured triatomine species since the control of T. infestans in the State of Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil. In order to evaluate the genetic variability of this species, field collections were performed in four municipalities where it has been reported and distant from 75 to 322 km. Specimens were analyzed by color pattern and isoenzymes. Nine enzymatic loci were interpreted from nine enzymatic systems. The Santiago population was isolated from the others with chromatic monomorphism and diagnostic alleles at Idh and Pgm loci. The study shows the existence of, at least, two distinct populations of T. rubrovaria in RS with different phenotypic and genetic pattern
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Feminino , Variação Genética , Insetos Vetores , Triatoma , Brasil , Cor , Eletroforese em Gel de Ágar , Frequência do Gene , Insetos Vetores , Isoenzimas , Fenótipo , Polimorfismo Genético , TriatomaRESUMO
Inhibição do crescimento de um subespécie de Leishmania por exometabólitos de outra subespécie, um fenômeno ainda não notificado, é sugerido em nossas recentes observações em experimentos de clonagem celular com Leishmania mexicana mexicana e Leishmania mexicana amazonensis. Os clones foram identificados usando a técnica de análise de esquizodemas. O fenômeno observado é claramente relevante em estudos de isolamento parasitário, metabolismo, imunidade cruzada e quimioterapia.
RESUMO
Different molecular-genetic methods were used to identify a cohort of Leishmania strains from natural foci of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis located in Central Asia on the former USSR territory. The results obtained using isoenzymes, PCR, restriction fragment length polymorphisms of kDNA and molecular hybridization techniques are discussed in terms of their applicability, discrimination power and feasibility for answering questions related to molecular epidemiological research and for detecting mixed Leishmania infections.
Assuntos
Humanos , Animais , Leishmania/classificação , Técnicas Genéticas , Isoenzimas/genética , Biologia MolecularRESUMO
Although cases of leishmaniasis co-infection have been described in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients as well as those who have undergone organ transplants, to our knowledge, the present report is the first documented case of simultaneous cutaneous, visceral and ocular leishmaniasis due to Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis in a transplant patient. The patient had been using immunosuppressive drugs since receiving a transplanted kidney. The first clinical signs of leishmaniasis included fever, thoracic pain, hepatosplenomegaly, leucopenia and anemia. The cutaneous disease was revealed by the presence of amastigotes in the skin biopsy. After three months, the patient presented fever with conjunctive hyperemia, intense ocular pain and low visual acuity. Parasites isolated from iliac crest, aqueous humor and vitreous body were examined using a range of molecular techniques. The same strain of L. (V.) braziliensis was responsible for the different clinical manifestations. The immunosuppressive drugs probably contributed to the dissemination of Leishmania
Assuntos
Humanos , Animais , Masculino , Adulto , Infecções Oculares Parasitárias , Terapia de Imunossupressão , Transplante de Rim , Leishmania braziliensis , Leishmaniose Cutânea , Leishmaniose Visceral , Infecções Oculares Parasitárias , Evolução Fatal , Leishmaniose Cutânea , Leishmaniose VisceralRESUMO
Triatoma brasiliens is one of the most important vectors of Chagas diseases in the semiarid zone of the northeast of Brazil. Intraspecific morphological and behavioural variation has been reported for different populations. Results for four distinct populations using eight isoenzymes are reported here. The literature descibes three subspecies: T. brasiliensis Neiva, 1991; T. brasiliensis melanica Neiva & Lent, 1941 and T. brasiliensis macromelasoma Galvao, 1956. These subspecies differ mainly in their cuticle colour pattern and were regarded as synonyms by Lent and Wygodzinsky (1979). In order to evaluate whether the chromatic pattern is a morphological variation of different melanic forms within T. brasiliensis or due to interspecific variation, field collections were performed in localities where these three subspecies have been described: Caico (Rio Grande do Norte), the type-locality for T. b. brasileiensis; Petrolina (Pernambuco) for T. B. macromelasoma and Espinosa (Minas Gerais) for T. b. melanica. A fourth distinct chromatic pattern was found in Juazeiro (Bahia). A total of nine loci were studied. Values of Nei's genetic distance (D) were calculated. T. b. brasiliensis and T. b. macromelasoma are the closest populations with a D=0.295. T. b. melanica had a Dò0.537 when compared to the others, a distance in ther range of interspecific variation for other triatomine species.
Assuntos
Animais , Isoenzimas/análise , Triatoma/enzimologia , Triatoma/genéticaRESUMO
In the last few years the number of human cases of American visceral leishmaniasis in the Metropolitan Region of Belo Horizonte (MRBH), Minas Gerais, Brazil has increased, indicating an elevation in the transmission rate of the disease. The total number of notified human cases in the MRBH since 1994, when the first case was identified, up to 1999 was 345 of which 223 (65 percent) were from the city itself, indicating an urbanization of the disease in this region of Minas Gerais. The age distribution of visceral leishmaniasis cases in the MRBH shows a higher prevalence in children from 0-4 years old, responsible for 28.9 percent of the notifications. Clinical and immunological findings from dogs infected with Leishmania chagasi are described. The majority of these animals showed no sign of the disease. Sera from all infected dogs showed detectable Leishmania-induced high titles of antibodies based on the results of an indirect fluorescent antibody test. Samples of isolated Leishmania from human and dogs were characterized as L. (L.) chagasi by biochemical and molecular techniques
Assuntos
Humanos , Animais , Cães , Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Leishmania infantum/isolamento & purificação , Leishmaniose Visceral/epidemiologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Doenças Endêmicas , Técnica Indireta de Fluorescência para Anticorpo , Incidência , Leishmania infantum/imunologia , Leishmaniose Visceral/veterinária , Prevalência , População UrbanaRESUMO
Triatoma rubrovaria has become the most frequently captured triatomine species after the control of T. infestans in the State of Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil. Isoenzymatic and chromatic studies indicate the existence of, at least, two distinct phenotypic patterns of T. rubrovaria in RS. The geographic variation noted through molecular tools may also result in distinct profiles of vectorial potentiality. In order to enhance our understanding of the bionomic knowledge of T. rubrovaria separate batches of the species were collected from different municipalities of RS distant from 72 to 332 km: Santana do Livramento (natural ecotope), Santana do Livramento (artificial ecotope), Santiago (natural ecotope), Canguçu (peridomicile) and Encruzilhada do Sul (natural ecotope). A total of 285 specimens were collected, 85 specimens kept sufficient fecal material in their guts for the precipitin analysis. The results indicated the food eclecticism for this species and the anti-rodent serum showed the highest positivity in most localities. From the total of analyzed samples, only 1.3 percent of unique positivity for human blood was registered, all of them for Santiago population. This reactivity to human blood may be associated to pastures activities in the field
Assuntos
Animais , Humanos , Ecologia , Triatoma , Brasil , Comportamento Alimentar , TriatomaRESUMO
Um inquerito epidemiologico em populaçäo canina foi realizado em 7 localidades endemicas de Leishmaniose Tegumentar Americana (LTA) entre os anos de 1986 a 1993, no Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Duzentos e setenta caes foram examinados, segundo os parametros: clinicos, desenvolvimento de hipersensibilidade tardia e dosagem de anticorpos por imunofluorescencia indireta (IFI). 28,2 por cento dos animais possuiam lesöes e 3,3 por cento eram portadores de cicatrizes compativeis com infecçäo previa de Leishmania sp. De um total de 98 lesoes ulceradas detectadas, 39,5 por cento eram cutaneas unicas, 25,0 por cento lesöes cutaneas multiplas, 31,6 por cento lesöes de mucosa e 4,0 por cento lesöes de mucosa associadas a lesöes cutaneas...
Assuntos
Animais , Cães , Hipersensibilidade Tardia , Leishmaniose Cutânea/epidemiologia , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos , Brasil , Imunofluorescência , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Testes Cutâneos/métodosRESUMO
In the past few years, new aspects of the immunopathology of Chagas' disease have been described in immunosuppressed patients, such as fatal central system lesions related to the reactivation of the parasite. This article is the first description of the genotypic characterization, at the strain level, of Trypanosoma cruzi isolated from a patient with Chagas' disease/AIDS co-infection. The presence of four hypodense lesions was observed in the cranial compute tomographic scan. The diagnosis of AIDS was assessed by the detection of anti-HIV antibodies using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot techniques. The CD4+ lymphocyte counts were maintained under 200 cells/mm cube number during one year demonstrating the severity of the state of immunosuppression. Chagas' disease was confirmed by serological and parasitological methods. Trypomastigote forms were visualized in a thick blood smear. The parasite isolated is genotypically similar to the CL strain. The paper reinforces that cerebral Chagas' disease can be considered as another potencial opportunistic infection in AIDS resulting from the reactivation of a dormant T. cruzi infection acquired years earlier.
Assuntos
Humanos , Doença de Chagas/complicações , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/complicações , Trypanosoma cruzi/genética , Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDSRESUMO
Um inquérito epidemiológico em população canina foi realizado em 7 localidades endêmicas de Leishmaniose Tegumentar Americana (LTA) entre os anos de 1986 a 1993, no Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Duzentos e setenta cães foram examinados, segundo os parâmetros: clínicos, desenvolvimento de hipersensibilidade tardia e dosagem de anticorpos por imunofluorescência indireta (IFI). 28,2% dos animais possuíam lesões e 3,3% eram portadores de cicatrizes compatíveis com infecção prévia de Leishmania sp. De um total de 98 lesões ulceradas detectadas, 39,5% eram cutâneas únicas, 25,0% lesões cutâneas múltiplas, 31,6% lesões de mucosa e 4,0% lesões de mucosa associadas a lesões cutâneas. Doze amostras (15,8%) colhidas de fragmentos de lesões cutâneas foram analisadas por zimodema e esquizodema e identificadas como Leishmania (V.) braziliensis . A prevalência da infecção canina avaliada pelo teste cutâneo e pela IFI foram respectivamente de 40,5% e 25,5%. A comparação entre as reações mostrou que o teste cutâneo foi superior na detecção da infecção e da doença canina, embora, sem diferença estatística significante (p> 0,05). A sensibilidade e a especificidade proporcional foram respectivamente de 84,0% e 74,0%. A utilização de ambas as reações, cutânea e sorológica mostraram-se úteis como instrumento de diagnóstico epidemiológico em áreas de LTC.
Assuntos
Leishmaniose Cutânea , Cães , Inquéritos e Questionários , Testes CutâneosRESUMO
Cutaneous biopsies (n = 94) obtained from 88 patients with American tegumentary leishmaniasis were studied by conventional and immunohistochemical techniques...