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1.
Int J Mol Sci ; 25(7)2024 Mar 23.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38612431

RESUMO

Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonias (IIPs) are a heterogeneous group of the broader category of Interstitial Lung Diseases (ILDs), pathologically characterized by the distortion of lung parenchyma by interstitial inflammation and/or fibrosis. The American Thoracic Society (ATS)/European Respiratory Society (ERS) international multidisciplinary consensus classification of the IIPs was published in 2002 and then updated in 2013, with the authors emphasizing the need for a multidisciplinary approach to the diagnosis of IIPs. The histological evaluation of IIPs is challenging, and different types of IIPs are classically associated with specific histopathological patterns. However, morphological overlaps can be observed, and the same histopathological features can be seen in totally different clinical settings. Therefore, the pathologist's aim is to recognize the pathologic-morphologic pattern of disease in this clinical setting, and only after multi-disciplinary evaluation, if there is concordance between clinical and radiological findings, a definitive diagnosis of specific IIP can be established, allowing the optimal clinical-therapeutic management of the patient.


Assuntos
Pneumonias Intersticiais Idiopáticas , Patologistas , Humanos , Consenso , Estudos Interdisciplinares , Taxa Respiratória , Pneumonias Intersticiais Idiopáticas/diagnóstico
2.
Int J Mol Sci ; 25(13)2024 Jul 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39000489

RESUMO

Synovial sarcomas are soft tissue tumours of uncertain origin, most commonly found in the upper or lower extremities. They are characterised by distinctive chromosomal rearrangements involving the gene SS18. Synovial sarcomas can occasionally arise also in visceral sites, but retroperitoneal SSs are very unusual. Among them, a few primary renal synovial sarcomas have been described in the scientific literature. Primary renal synovial sarcomas tend to be monophasic and often show cystic changes. Histologically, they can closely resemble other primary kidney tumours, mainly paediatric tumours such as nephroblastoma and clear cell sarcoma of the kidney. In the current work, a primary synovial sarcoma of the kidney with unusual morphological features (extensively myxoid stroma and immunohistochemical positivity for BCOR) is described. Molecular analysis, through targeted RNA sequencing, was of invaluable help in reaching the correct diagnosis. Despite locally advanced disease at presentation, the patient showed an unexpectedly brilliant response to chemotherapy.


Assuntos
Biomarcadores Tumorais , Neoplasias Renais , Sarcoma Sinovial , Humanos , Sarcoma Sinovial/genética , Sarcoma Sinovial/diagnóstico , Sarcoma Sinovial/metabolismo , Sarcoma Sinovial/patologia , Neoplasias Renais/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Renais/genética , Neoplasias Renais/metabolismo , Neoplasias Renais/patologia , Biomarcadores Tumorais/genética , Biomarcadores Tumorais/metabolismo , Masculino , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Diferenciação Celular , Feminino , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas , Proteínas Repressoras
3.
Semin Cancer Biol ; 72: 114-122, 2021 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32165319

RESUMO

The identification of biomarkers on cancer tissue samples could be obtained through several technologies. In this setting, the immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization are accessible in most pathology laboratories. Particularly, immunohistochemistry can be used not only for diagnostic issues, but also to define prognostic classes and to define response to specific therapies. Particularly the last applications have been firstly developed in the breast cancer pathology. In addition, the development of molecular classification proposed some prognostic/predictive classes that could be easily defined by immunohistochemistry. Thus, the role of the pathologists has become increasingly important in the definition of prognosis and in the choice therapy, because the immunohistochemical biomarkers are used to guide treatment, to classify breast cancer into biologically and prognostically distinct subtypes. In this review, we will provide information on the current application of the immunohistochemical biomarkers useful in the management of breast cancer patients. Moreover, we consider the application of immunohistochemistry in the definition of the most promising biomarkers derived from molecular studies of the breast cancer, that in the future could integrate the characterization of breast cancer into clinical practice.


Assuntos
Biomarcadores Tumorais/metabolismo , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Imuno-Histoquímica/métodos , Receptor ErbB-2/metabolismo , Receptores de Estrogênio/metabolismo , Receptores de Progesterona/metabolismo , Neoplasias da Mama/metabolismo , Neoplasias da Mama/terapia , Feminino , Humanos , Prognóstico
4.
Pathologica ; 113(4): 252-261, 2021 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34042911

RESUMO

The term 'infographics' is a blend of the two words "information" and "graphics". Infographics can be described as 'information visualizations', conceived as visual translation of data including text, numbers, graphs, charts, drawings and so on. Visual representations are a fundamental part of scientific communication. They match the need to organize different pieces of information in a coherent and synthetic structure and constitute one of the most effective methods scientists rely on to divulge their findings. In particular, infographics provide an overview of key points regarding specific topics in a form that promotes quick learning and knowledge retention. They can be presented in printed or digital formats, being the latter particularly suitable for a global-scale diffusion via social media or websites.In recent years, many pathologists have started developing digital infographics as a strategy for providing free educational contents on Facebook, Twitter or websites. In the present review, we focus on the value of digital infographics to summarize various aspects of Surgical and General Pathology. They shed light on diagnostic criteria, differentials and predictive/prognostic markers for many diseases, being a useful learning tool both for residents and practicing pathologists. In this paper, the model of infographics ideation, processing and sharing to an online audience is described and the impact of infographics on knowledge processes in Pathology is investigated.


Assuntos
Patologia Cirúrgica , Mídias Sociais , Visualização de Dados , Humanos
5.
Am J Dermatopathol ; 42(10): 780-782, 2020 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32271205

RESUMO

Eccrine syringofibroadenoma (ESFA) is a cutaneous proliferation of eccrine ducts, mainly encountered in association with other dermatoses or skin tumors. Although a benign condition, either considered as a hamartoma or a reactive hyperplasia rather than a real neoplasm, some evidence suggests that longstanding ESFA can undergo malignant change. The recognition of such opportunity could have important therapeutic implications. We present a case of ESFA showing areas of carcinomatous transformation, discussing its morphological and immunohistochemical findings.


Assuntos
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patologia , Poroma/patologia , Neoplasias das Glândulas Sudoríparas/patologia , Idoso , Transformação Celular Neoplásica , Doença Crônica , Dermoscopia , Glândulas Écrinas , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Masculino
6.
Cytopathology ; 31(6): 509-513, 2020 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32654199

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: The dramatic spread of COVID-19 has raised many questions about cytological procedures performed in and out of the laboratories all over the world. METHODS: We report a heterogeneous series of fine needle aspirations performed during the period of phase 1 of the lockdown for the COVID-19 pandemic to describe our experience and measures taken during this period. RESULTS: A total of 48 fine needle aspirations (ultrasound, computed tomography and endoscopic ultrasound guided) were processed and reported. CONCLUSIONS: Pre-existing procedures have been modified to allow healthcare professionals to work safely ensuring patients the necessary assistance with samples suitable for cellularity, fixation and staining for an accurate cytological diagnosis.


Assuntos
Betacoronavirus/patogenicidade , Infecções por Coronavirus/virologia , Pulmão/patologia , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/patologia , Pneumonia Viral/virologia , COVID-19 , Aspiração por Agulha Fina Guiada por Ultrassom Endoscópico/métodos , Endossonografia/métodos , Humanos , Pandemias , Estudos Retrospectivos , SARS-CoV-2
7.
Ann Diagn Pathol ; 48: 151597, 2020 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32829071

RESUMO

Angiosarcomas are ubiquitous neoplasms involving both cutaneous and soft tissue and visceral locations. Accumulating biomolecular evidences suggest that cutaneous angiosarcomas are distinctive entities with molecular, clinical and pathological peculiarities. Despite several ongoing clinical trials with promising therapeutic agents, the prognosis of cutaneous angiosarcomas is dismal and survival still rely on early diagnosis and surgery. An accurate diagnosis and the knowledge of the underlying molecular landscape are therefore essential to improve the prognosis. We detail the molecular, clinical, dermoscopic, morphological and prognostic features of cutaneous angiosarcoma. Although the molecular landscape of cutaneous angiosarcoma is not completely understood, accumulating evidences suggest that there are characteristic molecular alterations including dysregulation of angiogenesis and several complex molecular pathways. Secondary cutaneous angiosarcomas, arising in correlation with chronic lymphedema and ionizing radiation, have different molecular hallmarks, which are also leading to the first diagnostic applications. The diagnosis of cutaneous angiosarcoma may be challenging, as well-differentiated forms can be hard to distinguish from benign and low-grade vascular neoplasms, while poorly differentiated forms can be easily confounded with other non-vascular high-grade neoplasms. An accurate and early diagnosis, which is mandatory to ensure the best survival for the patients, is mainly based on morphological hallmarks.


Assuntos
Detecção Precoce de Câncer/normas , Hemangiossarcoma/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Cutâneas/irrigação sanguínea , Neoplasias Cutâneas/patologia , Idoso , Doença Crônica , Dermoscopia/métodos , Detecção Precoce de Câncer/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Hemangiossarcoma/etiologia , Hemangiossarcoma/metabolismo , Hemangiossarcoma/patologia , Humanos , Linfedema/complicações , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias Induzidas por Radiação/patologia , Neovascularização Patológica/metabolismo , Neovascularização Patológica/patologia , Patologia Clínica/métodos , Prognóstico , Intervalo Livre de Progressão , Radiação Ionizante , Neoplasias Cutâneas/mortalidade
8.
Int J Mol Sci ; 21(10)2020 May 25.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32466202

RESUMO

In the era of precision medicine, the identification of several predictive biomarkers and the development of innovative therapies have dramatically increased the request of tests to identify specific targets on cytological or histological samples, revolutionizing the management of the tumoral biomaterials. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has recently approved a selective neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase (NTRK) inhibitor, larotrectinib. Contemporarily, the development of multi-kinase inhibitors with activity in tumors carrying TRK fusions is ongoing. Chromosomal translocations involving the NTRK1, NTRK2, and NTRK3 genes result in constitutive activation and aberrant expression of TRK kinases in numerous cancer types. In this context, the identification of tumors harboring TRK fusions is crucial. Several methods of detection are currently available. We revise the advantages and disadvantages of different techniques used for identifying TRK alterations, including immunohistochemistry, fluorescence in situ hybridization, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, and next generation sequencing-based approaches. Finally, we propose a diagnostic algorithm based on histology and the relative frequency of TRK fusions in each specific tumor, considering also the economic feasibility in the clinical practice.


Assuntos
Testes Genéticos/métodos , Neoplasias/genética , Fusão Oncogênica , Medicina de Precisão/métodos , Receptores Órfãos Semelhantes a Receptor Tirosina Quinase/genética , Animais , Humanos , Neoplasias/diagnóstico , Neoplasias/terapia
9.
J Cutan Pathol ; 46(8): 619-622, 2019 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31025408

RESUMO

Plasmablastic multiple myeloma is an uncommon morphological variant of multiple myeloma with aggressive clinical course and poor outcome. Its differential diagnosis includes plasmablastic lymphoma, a variant of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with frequent extranodal presentation, which usually affects immunosuppressed patients and is virtually indistinguishable from plasmablastic multiple myeloma on the basis of histology solely. Differential diagnosis relies on close clinical-pathological correlation. Herein, the authors report a case of aggressive multiple myeloma occurring in a 48-year-old patient with pure plasmablastic morphology, expression of T-cell markers CD3 and CD4, and cutaneous involvement as first presenting sign. Heterotopic expression of T-cell markers has been described in literature for both plasmablastic multiple myeloma and plasmablastic lymphoma. The causative mechanisms underlying this aberrant phenotype have not yet been elucidated; nevertheless the possibility of this rare finding should be considered to avoid misinterpretations. Remarkably, despite occurring rarely, cutaneous involvement could be observed at an early stage or even be the first manifestation of disease in particularly aggressive forms of myeloma. As a consequence, the presence of cutaneous lesions should not favor a straightforward diagnosis of plasmablastic lymphoma. The importance of a correct differential diagnosis lies in its therapeutical implications.


Assuntos
Complexo CD3/biossíntese , Antígenos CD4/biossíntese , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Mieloma Múltiplo , Proteínas de Neoplasias/biossíntese , Neoplasias Cutâneas , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mieloma Múltiplo/diagnóstico , Mieloma Múltiplo/metabolismo , Mieloma Múltiplo/patologia , Plasmócitos/metabolismo , Plasmócitos/patologia , Neoplasias Cutâneas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Cutâneas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Cutâneas/patologia
11.
Neurosurg Rev ; 40(1): 105-114, 2017 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27215912

RESUMO

The aim of the study was to assess incidence rate, hormonal activity, and local invasiveness and evaluate outcomes of so-diagnosed atypical pituitary adenomas that underwent endoscopic endonasal surgery at the Division of Neurosurgery of Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II. According to the 2004 WHO classification, atypical pituitary adenomas are defined by an invasive growth, Ki-67/MIB-1 proliferative index greater than 3 %, high p53 immunoreactivity, and increased mitotic activity. A retrospective analysis of a series of 434 pituitary adenomas that underwent endoscopic endonasal surgery at our department between March 2007 and February 2013 was performed. Fifty adenomas (11.5 %) met the criteria of diagnosis of atypical lesions; 10 (21.6 %) of the 50 patients were recurrent tumors with a previous transsphenoidal surgery. Forty-one (82 %) were macroadenomas, and 21/50 (42 %) showed a clear invasion of the cavernous sinus. Histotype of atypical adenomas figured out to be nonfunctioning in 23 cases (46 %), PRL secreting in 10 cases (20 %), ACTH secreting and GH secreting each apart in 8 patients (16 %), and in a single case a GH/PRL secreting adenoma (2 %). The Ki-67 labeling index ranged from 3.5 to 22.5 % (mean 5.6 %). Tumor recurrence was observed in six cases (12 %) after a mean time of 18 months (range 9-24 months). Mean follow-up was 36.5 months (range 2-80 months). Atypical pituitary adenomas account for ca. 10 % of all pituitary adenomas; these lesions have peculiar features. It should be considered that a strong immunopositivity of p53 and higher Ki-67 LI could predict an increased risk of tumor recurrence, but more studies and larger series are expected to confirm and enlarge the diagnostic and therapeutic management process of these lesions.


Assuntos
Adenoma/cirurgia , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/diagnóstico , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/cirurgia , Procedimentos Neurocirúrgicos , Neoplasias Hipofisárias/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Hipofisárias/cirurgia , Adenoma/patologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Endoscopia/métodos , Feminino , Humanos , Antígeno Ki-67/metabolismo , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/patologia , Neoplasias Hipofisárias/patologia , Prognóstico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53/metabolismo , Adulto Jovem
13.
Pathol Res Pract ; 253: 155069, 2024 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38181581

RESUMO

Mesothelial tumours of the testicular/paratesticular region are uncommon, poorly characterised and difficult-to-diagnose lesions. They encompass entirely benign proliferations (adenomatoid tumour) and malignant, very aggressive tumours (mesothelioma) whose morphological features can be overlapping, highly variable and confounding. Moreover, testicular/paratesticular mesothelial tumours comprise relatively new entities with indolent behaviour (well-differentiated papillary mesothelial tumour) as well as tumours which cannot be correctly included in any of the aforementioned categories and whose classification is still controversial. The molecular profile of such tumours represents an open issue. In fact, despite the recent discoveries about the genomic landscape of mesothelial proliferations at other sites (pleura, peritoneum), testicular/paratesticular mesothelial tumours, and namely mesotheliomas, are too rare to be extensively studied on large case series and they could arguably hide relevant differences in their molecular background when compared to the more common pleural/peritoneal counterparts.The aim of this review is to provide a guide for the pathological assessment of testicular/paratesticular mesothelial tumours. Herein, we describe the most recent updates on this topic according to the latest (year 2022) World Health Organisation Classification of Urinary and Male Genital Tumours (5th edition) and current literature. The diagnostic criteria, the main differentials and the role of ancillary techniques in the diagnosis of mesothelial testicular/paratesticular tumours are discussed.


Assuntos
Neoplasias dos Genitais Masculinos , Mesotelioma , Neoplasias Testiculares , Humanos , Masculino , Neoplasias Testiculares/patologia , Neoplasias dos Genitais Masculinos/patologia , Epitélio/patologia , Mesotelioma/patologia
14.
J Clin Pathol ; 77(2): 87-95, 2024 Jan 18.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38123966

RESUMO

AIMS: Pathology education is a core component of medical training, and its literature is critical for refining educational modalities. We performed a cross-sectional bibliometric analysis to explore publications on pathology education, focusing on new medical education technologies. METHODS: The analysis identified 64 pathology journals and 53 keywords. Relevant articles were collected using a web application, PaperScraper, developed to accelerate literature search. Citation data were collected from multiple sources. Descriptive statistics, with time period analysis, were performed using Microsoft Excel and visualised with Flourish Studio. Two article groups were further investigated with a bibliometric software, VOSViewer, to establish co-authorship and keyword relationships. RESULTS: 8946 citations were retrieved from 905 selected articles. Most articles were published in the last decade (447, 49.4%). The top journals were Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (184), Human Pathology (122) and the American Journal of Clinical Pathology (117). The highest number of citations was found for Human Pathology (2120), followed by Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (2098) and American Journal of Clinical Pathology (1142). Authors with different backgrounds had the greatest number of articles and citations. 12 co-authorship, 3 keyword and 8 co-citation clusters were found for the social media/online resources group, 8 co-authorship, 4 keyword and 7 co-citation clusters for the digital pathology/virtual microscopy/mobile technologies group. CONCLUSIONS: The analysis revealed a significant increase in publications over time. The emergence of digital teaching and learning resources played a major role in this growth. Overall, these findings underscore the transformative potential of technology in pathology education.


Assuntos
Bibliometria , Humanos , Estados Unidos , Estudos Transversais
15.
J Exp Clin Cancer Res ; 43(1): 166, 2024 Jun 14.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38877575

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer (BC) is a complex disease, showing heterogeneity in the genetic background, molecular subtype, and treatment algorithm. Historically, treatment strategies have been directed towards cancer cells, but these are not the unique components of the tumor bulk, where a key role is played by the tumor microenvironment (TME), whose better understanding could be crucial to obtain better outcomes. METHODS: We evaluated mitochondrial transfer (MT) by co-culturing Adipose stem cells with different Breast cancer cells (BCCs), through MitoTracker assay, Mitoception, confocal and immunofluorescence analyses. MT inhibitors were used to confirm the MT by Tunneling Nano Tubes (TNTs). MT effect on multi-drug resistance (MDR) was assessed using Doxorubicin assay and ABC transporter evaluation. In addition, ATP production was measured by Oxygen Consumption rates (OCR) and Immunoblot analysis. RESULTS: We found that MT occurs via Tunneling Nano Tubes (TNTs) and can be blocked by actin polymerization inhibitors. Furthermore, in hybrid co-cultures between ASCs and patient-derived organoids we found a massive MT. Breast Cancer cells (BCCs) with ASCs derived mitochondria (ADM) showed a reduced HIF-1α expression in hypoxic conditions, with an increased ATP production driving ABC transporters-mediated multi-drug resistance (MDR), linked to oxidative phosphorylation metabolism rewiring. CONCLUSIONS: We provide a proof-of-concept of the occurrence of Mitochondrial Transfer (MT) from Adipose Stem Cells (ASCs) to BC models. Blocking MT from ASCs to BCCs could be a new effective therapeutic strategy for BC treatment.


Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama , Resistência a Múltiplos Medicamentos , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos , Mitocôndrias , Humanos , Neoplasias da Mama/metabolismo , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Feminino , Mitocôndrias/metabolismo , Células-Tronco/metabolismo , Tecido Adiposo/citologia , Tecido Adiposo/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Microambiente Tumoral
18.
JPRAS Open ; 38: 186-192, 2023 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37920281

RESUMO

Background: Rhinophyma is a benign condition caused by the excessive growth of sebaceous glands in the nasal tissue, presenting with symptoms such as nasal hypertrophy, erythema, and papules. Cases of basal cell carcinoma in rhinophyma have been reported in literature, but its etiological role remains unclear. It is uncertain whether rhinophyma is predisposed to neoplasm development or if their coexistence is coincidental. Material and Method: We conducted a literature survey to identify such cases reported over the years. Results: We identified 22 studies reporting a total of 47 cases in the literature, all involving male patients. The most common pattern of occurrence was the rapid growth of a nodular formation within the context of rhinophyma. Discussions and Conclusion: The elucidation of the association between basal cell carcinoma and rhinophyma remains challenging. The presence of multiple foci supports the theory that rhinophyma may play a role in their development, but larger studies are needed to establish a causal relationship.

19.
Radiol Case Rep ; 18(12): 4431-4434, 2023 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37840893

RESUMO

We present the case of a 48-year-old-woman with apparently isolated central nervous system Erdheim-Chester disease characterized by brainstem involvement. Erdheim-Chester disease is extremely rare and multisystem impairment should always be sought in the suspicion of such pathology.

20.
J Clin Pathol ; 76(2): 76-81, 2023 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36526332

RESUMO

AIMS: We investigated the trend in case reports (CRs) publication in a sample of pathology journals. Furthermore, we proposed an alternative publishing route through new digital communication platforms, represented by the 'social media case report'. METHODS: 28 pathology journals were selected from SCImago database and searched in PubMed to identify the number of published CRs. Four reference decades (1981-2020) were selected. The 5-year impact factor (IF) was retrieved from the Academic Accelerator database. RESULTS: CRs increased during the first three decades (6752, 8698 and 11148, respectively; mean values: 355, 27.3%; 334, 26.4%; 398, 28.8%) as the number of CR-publishing journals (19, 26 and 28, respectively). In the last decade, CRs significantly decreased (9341; mean 334, 23.6%) without variation in the number of CR-publishing journals (28). Half of the journals reduced CRs (from -1.1% to -37.9%; mean decreasing percentage -14.7%), especially if active since the first decade (11/14, 79%); the other half increased CRs (from +0.5% to +34.2%; mean increasing percentage +11.8%), with 8/14 (57%) starting publishing in the first decade. The 5-year IF ranged from 0.504 to 5.722. Most of the journals with IF ≥2 (10/14, 71%) reduced the CRs number, while 71% of journals with IF <2 increased CRs publication (especially journals with IF <1, +15.1%). CONCLUSIONS: CRs publication decreased during the last decade, especially for journals which are older or have higher IF. Social media CRs may represent a valid alternative and by using standardised templates to enter all relevant data may be organised in digital databases and/or transformed in traditional CRs.


Assuntos
Bases de Dados Factuais , Humanos
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