Psychiatric symptoms and the association with parents' psychiatric symptoms among recently arrived asylum-seeking children in Finland.

This study examined psychiatric symptoms and the association with parents' psychiatric symptoms among recently arrived accompanied asylum-seeking children in the age groups of 2-6 years (n = 93) and 7-12 years (n = 91). Children and parents were assessed using mental health and trauma measures (SDQ, HSCL-25 and PROTECT). The prevalence of total difficulties was 34.9% among 2-6-year-olds and 29.6% among 7-12-year-olds. The most common symptoms in both age groups were peer problems, followed by conduct problems among 2-6-year-olds and emotional symptoms among 7-12-year-olds. In both age groups, the children's emotional symptoms were associated with the parents' anxiety and depression as well as the trauma symptoms, while the conduct problems were only associated with the parents' trauma symptoms. In conclusion, peer problems as well as conduct problems and emotional symptoms are common among recently arrived asylum-seeking children. To support the mental health of these children, both children and parents need adequate support.

Emotional School Engagement and Psychiatric Symptoms among 6-9-Year-old Children with an Immigrant Background in the First Years of School in Finland.

The aim of this study is to examine emotional school engagement and psychiatric symptoms among 6-9-year-old children with an immigrant background (n = 148) in their first years of school compared to children with a Finnish native background (n = 2430). The analyzed data consisted of emotional school engagement measures completed by children and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaires completed by both parents and teachers. Children with an immigrant background had lower self-reported emotional school engagement than children with a native background with reference to less courage to talk about their thoughts in the class and more often felt loneliness. Further, they reported that they had more often been bullies and seen bullying in the class. Children with an immigrant background had more emotional symptoms and peer problems reported by parents than children with a native background. However, teachers did not report any significant differences.

Parenting in place: The reception centre as the spatial context for laying the foundations for asylum-seeking children's healthy development.

Brain architecture is shaped by early childhood experiences, which thus affect future physical and mental health. These experiences consist primarily of parenting, intertwined with environment. The mental health of migrants has received much attention in research; however, early childhood experiences and the spatiality of parenting have largely been ignored. This study examines asylum-seeking parents' perceptions of parenting their 2-6-year-old children, focusing on the spatial context of the reception centre. We conducted 26 semi-structured interviews among parents in three reception centres in Finland. The results show that parenting was challenged by all three dimensions of place: location, locale and sense of place. The findings indicate that for parents, the reception centre is an essential factor interacting with parenting, enabling or impeding caregiving. These findings are discussed from the viewpoints of transnationalism, insufficient children's spaces and activities and lost sense of place. We urge policy-makers to improve the spatial context for parenting in reception centres by ensuring adequate children's spaces and activities, including opportunities for early learning, privacy of the family, parents' social support and possibilities for establishing everyday routines. We suggest that these improvements would have far-reaching beneficial implications for the healthy development and future mental health of asylum-seeking children.