[Investigation of the copper content in blood serum and its ultrafiltrate in the conditions of experimental space flight simulation].

In experiment MARS-500 on remote space flight simulation, atomic emission spectral analysis with inductively coupled argon plasma was used to measure serum copper and its ultrafiltration fraction. It was shown that, in contrast to baseline data, the Cu serum level varied within the normal physiological boundaries throughout the entire simulation experiment. These variations were sync in all the serum samples. In several periods in the experiment reductions in serum Cu within the baseline range were equivalent to simultaneous reductions in ceruloplasmin. Amount of the free Cu (ultrafiltration) fraction, i.e. not bound to proteins in blood serum, was constant at all times. Since the simulation experiment is not a perfect analogy of space flight because of nonreproducibility of some factors, ionizing radiation specifically, we should take into consideration shifts in the serum copper balance caused by the action of space radiation on human organism. Radiation-induced imbalance is not only a marker of disturbed oxidase function of blood but also points to a mechanism of potential pathological outcome of toxic excessive copper accumulated in the brain, liver and kidney.

[Magnesium level in human organism during 105-day isolation].

Total and ionized magnesium in blood serum and in daily urine were determined before (baseline values) and on days 30, 60 and 105 of the experiment with 105-d isolation and confinement (Mars-105)/ Magnesium in hair was investigated before (baseline values) and on day-105 of the experiment. The investigations were performed using atomic emission spectrometry with inductively coupled argon plasma. Changes in magnesium were most significant over the initial 30 days in the experiment. Reduction of serum magnesium was accounted for by the fall in the ionized fraction. In organism magnesium is controlled by the ion-regulatory function of the kidney and varies with individuals. Levels of ionized magnesium in blood serum and excreted with daily urine can serve as indicators of stress resistivity .

[Role of physiological factors in prognosis of the risk of oncological diseases development on the basis of xenobiotic metabolism enzyme system polymorphism].

Summarised data about polymorphism of xenobiotic metabolism enzyme system (XMES) have been presented. Metabolic molecular mechanisms and the role of genetic polymorphism in metabolic transformation of different xenobiotics are reviewed. Significance of X-transport proteins and nuclear receptors in regulation of XMES-activity are discussed. Possible connection of XMES polymorphism with the development of cancer was examined. Experimental modeling of different levels of epoxide syntase and epoxide hydratase activites has revealed their connection with cancer development. Physiological factors should be considered when evaluation of risk extent for cancer development is carried out.

[Population analysis and determination of the ethnic background are necessary in the study of multifactorial diseases: a study using the Dagestan population as a model].

Psoriasis, a multifactorial disease with genetic predisposition, has been used as an example to study the role of the ethnic background in multifactorial diseases in the Dagestan population. The individual information card (IIC) is proposed as the main tool for correct collection and processing of information. The results of the study demonstrate that the Dagestan population is a convenient and adequate model population for studying multifactorial diseases, such as psoriasis, and may serve as an object for studying the role of heredity in the etiologies and pathogeneses of this and other multifactorial diseases.

[Local unscheduled DNA synthesis following irradiation of a portion of mitotic chromosomes or interphase nucleus with UV microbeam]. / Lokal'nyi vneplanovyi sintez DNK posle oblucheniia chasti mitoticheskikh khromosom ili interfaznogo iadra UF mikroluchom

Part of mitotic chromosome sets of the metaphase or anaphase SPEW mammalian cells were irradiated with an ultraviolet microbeam, and the subsequent incorporation of H3-thymidine into the postmitotic daughter nuclei was studied by autoradiography. The located areas of the unscheduled DNA synthesis were detected in these nuclei. This synthesis was likely to be due to repair process at the sites of postmitotic localization of the irradiated chromosomes. It is suggested that the selective chromosomal labeling induced by microirradiation could be employed in studying patterns of chromosome localization in the interphase nuclei. Local inhibition of the replicative DNA synthesis and local stimulation of the unscheduled DNA synthesis were observed after a partial microirradiation of the interphase nuclei. This unscheduled DNA synthesis was unaffected by hydroxyurea at concentration which inhibited normal DNA synthesis.

[Influence of magnetic field on hydrogen peroxide decomposition by catalase]. / O vliianii magnitnogo polia na razlozhenie perekisi vodoroda katalazoi.

The rate constants of H2O2 decomposition equal to 0.45 X 10(7) M-1S-1 per hem and Michaelis constants higher than 0.3 M were found by gas volume meter and spectrophotometer methods for purified preparations of catalase from bovine liver. Unlike the results obtained earlier the magnetic field with induction 0.65 T and 0.012 T does not affect the constant rate within 3%. It was found with the substrate concentration less than 0.01 M when the classical catalase mechanism was observed and with higher concentration of the substrate up to 0.7 M when the catalase inhibition by H2O2 played an important role.

[Kinetic model of a single muscle contraction]. / Kineticheskaia model' odinochnogo myshechnogo sokrashcheniia.

A model of single muscle contraction is proposed. The kinetics of two reactions have been used: interaction between the excitation mediator and the muscle membrane receptor, and the reaction of enzymatic mediator splitting. The muscle contraction parameters have been correlated with the concentration of the mediator-receptor complex.

[Asymmetry of aging of the large hemispheres of the rat brain]. / Asimmetriia stareniia bol'shikh polusharii golovnogo mozga krys.

The dynamics of the accumulation of free-radical oxidation products in the brain hemispheres of rats in rate ontogenesis was studied. Multiphase changes in the concentration of products in the right and left hemispheres in different age groups were registered. Significant differences in the contents of hydroperoxides, Schiff's bases of phospholipids and lipofuscin in brain hemispheres revealed, which correlates with different rate of ageing of hemispheres.

[The effect of ultrasound on the antigenic activity of human erythrocytes]. / Issledovanie deistviia ul'trazvuka na antigennuiu aktivnost' éritrotsitov cheloveka.

The effect of ultrasound (frequency 0.88 MHz, intensity from 0.05 to 1 W/cm2) on alterations in antigenic activity has been investigated in vitro using ABO antigens of human erythrocytes. The existence of threshold doses of ultrasound influence has been found. These doses are shown to be independent of ultrasound intensity. The dependence of the effect on erythrocyte concentration has been established. Individual and group differences in the antigenic resistance to ultrasonic exposure in donors of groups A and B have been revealed. A drop in antigenic activity equal to 97% has been obtained.

[Dynamics of functional interhemisphere asymmetry and sexual dimorphism in rat ontogenesis]. / Dinamika funktsional'noi mezhpolusharnoi asimmetrii i polovoi dimorfizm v ontogeneze u krys.

The dynamics of functional interhemispherical asymmetry in the ontogenesis of rats, males and females separately, was studied. The asymmetry was determined by the neurophysiological criterion, the interhemispherical gradient of the distribution of direct current potential of the brain. The sexual dimorphism upon age-related changes in the interhemispherical asymmetry was shown. It is assumed that this asymmetry is involved in the dynamics of neuroendocrine interactions determined by sex.

[Synchronization of changes in the level of direct current potential and concentration of lipid peroxidation products in the developing rat brain]. / Sinkhronizatsiia izmenenii urovnia postoiannogo potentsiala i kontsentratsii produktov perekisnogo okisleniia lipidov golovnogo mozga v ontogeneze u krys.

The dynamics of the level of direct current potentials and the content of lipid hydroperoxides, conjugated dienes, Schiff bases of phospholipids and lipofuscin in the brain of rats during ontogenesis was studied. It is shown that changes in neurophysiological and biochemical characteristics have an M-shaped character. The synchronization of age-dependent changes in the content of lipid peroxidation products and the dynamics of direct current potentials was revealed.

[Interaction of the immune system of the organism with saprotrophic opportunistic microflora and possible coupling of the process with the metabolic status of humans]. / Vzaimodeistvie immunnoi sistemy organizma s uslovno patogennoi saprofitnoi mikrofloroi i vozmozhnoe sopriazhenie étogo protsessa s metabolocheskim statusom cheloveka.

The article sets forth the concept of natural biospheric immunization of a macroorganism by opportunistic saprotrophic microflora. Immunization by opportunistic microflora and microbial control of the metabolic status (which is coupled to the immune status of the organism) may act in a concert to provide immune defense. Efficient immunization requires that normal microflora be certified and the patients, phenotyped by the type and rate of xenobiotic biotransformation (via oxidation and acetylation). Data from the literature, based on which the suggested measures to stimulating the immune defense of the organism should be taken, are analyzed.

[The effect of environmental temperature on the state of the blood coagulation system]. / Vliianie temperatury okruzhaiushchei sredy na sostoianie sistemy svertyvaniia krovi

Drop of external temperature to +2 degrees C followed by muscle shivering activated the coagulating and depressed the anticoagulating and fibrinolytic processes. On overheating of the organism and development of the hyperemia, a tendency to hypocoagulation appeared.

[The concept of the nontraditional use of histochemical stains]. / Kontseptsiia netraditsionnogo ispol'zovaniia gistokhimicheskikh krasitelei.

A priority concept is produced, according to which stains, which have traditionally been used in pathological anatomy for structural and morphological studies of changes occurring in the cell during pathology, and also for postmortem diagnosis, are suggested for use as medicines. This nontraditional use of strains is based on the results of pathohistologic studies and is regarded as a new pharmacotherapeutic strategy--"address histochemical pharmacotherapy" or "pharmacotopographic therapy". Its main principle is "stopping by staining," i.e., the inhibition of a pathological process by the staining of "address substrates", i.e., the biochemical ingredients of the cell involved in a given pathology. Stain blocking of the "address substrates" of the cells in which pathology originates and develops excludes them from the pathogenetic chain of the disease. Staining biochemically "switches over" the pathology onto the path of normalization and thus softens the course of the disease. "Address histochemical pharmacotherapy" implies the direct effect of the dye on the pathology (the medicating function of the dye) and the delivery of the necessary medicating enzymes, activators, or enzyme inhibitors together with the dye to the site of pathology (the transport function of the dye). A scheme for biological trials of the stains as potential means of "address histochemical pharmacotherapy" is given. The data in the literature on the pathohistology of some diseases is analyzed and various types of pathology control by histochemical stains is suggested.

[The concept of receptor sorption as a basis for the development of nontraditional methods of therapy, prevention and diagnosis in pathological states]. / Kontseptsiia retseptornoi sorbtsii kak osnova dlia razrabotki netraditsionnykh metodov terapii, profilaktiki i diagnostiki patologicheskikh sostoianii.

A potential use of receptor sorption for medical purposes is discussed. This type of sorption is based on selective fixation of exo and endogenous chemical substances and viruses by their cellular receptors, which serve as sorbents, "landing grounds" ("chemical traps"). We propose to elaborate non-traditional methods of therapy, prophylaxis and diagnosis of various pathologies. These methods include: "dialysis by receptors", peroral and local use of isolated receptors, blocking of receptors by specific antireceptor antibodies, and analysis of binding properties of the receptors in various pathologies. We propose to carry out "receptor mapping" ("receptor classification") of the human population. This mapping consists in drawing up a "personal receptor map" carrying information about biochemical properties and binding parameters of the person's cellular receptors. The necessity of careful laboratory and clinical approbation of the proposed methods is emphasized.

[Saprotrophic microflora as a producer of biologically active substances for the purpose of microbial saprotrophic pharmacotherapy]. / Saprotrofnaia mikroflora v kachestve produtsenta biologicheski aktivnykh veshchestv dlia tselei mikrobnoi saprotrofnoi farmakoterapii.

A problem of utilizing the microflora producing biologically active substances with a view to elaborating a microbial pharmacotherapy is discussed. The principle of this kind of therapy is to arrest pathological processes and to correct biochemical processes in the organism by means of "beating up" the strains-producers of biologically active substances. Substances secreted by strains-producers, are capable to suppress the growth of pathogenic microflora and malignant tumors as well as to correct physiological and pathological processes, may be utilized in future for a microbial saprotrophic pharmacotherapy depending on indications.

[The principles of left-right hemispheric interactions of pharmacological preparations exemplified by Brinaldix]. / Nekotorye printsipy levo-pravopolusharnykh vzaimodeistvii farmakologicheskikh preparatov na primere brinal'diksa.

The effect of 4-chlor-N-(cys-2,6-dimethyl peridine)-3-sulfomoin-benzamide as an anti-hypertensive drug on left-to-right hemisphere interactions was studied on experimental animals. Its effect on hemispheres was shown to be asymmetrical. The most effective action of the drug was demonstrated on the left hemisphere of rats differing in their trends of interhemispheric interactions.

[Microbial saprotrophic pharmacotherapy: the possible indications, the conditions for its realization and the overall strategy]. / Mikrobnaia saprotrofnaia farmakoterapiia: vozmozhnye pokazaniia, usloviia realizatsii i obshchaia strategiia.

Potential indications for bacterial strains-producers of biologically active substances to be utilized for microbial saprotrophic pharmacotherapy are presented. These indications include some infectious diseases and tumors, a number of noninfectious diseases, transplantation and contraception. The cardinal problem of microbial pharmacotherapy, the capacity of strains-producers of getting acclimatized to the patient organism, is discussed. For its solution, a "microbiological passportization of a patient" ("saprotrophic mapping"), that is drawing up a map of patient microbiological status, is proposed. This "saprotrophic secretory passportization (mapping)" of strains-producers is first submitted for consideration. A strategy of future microbial pharmacotherapy is stated. The necessity of careful approbation of this kind of therapy is emphasized.

[Dyes with properties of modulators of redox processes as potential immunotropic agents]. / Krasiteli so svoistvami moduliatorov okislitel'no-vosstanovitel'nykh protsessov kak potentsial'nye immunotropnye sredstva.

We performed an analysis of the biological activity of dyes possessing certain redox potential. This provided a theoretical basis for the development of a new trend in pharmacology. We demonstrate the wide potential associated with the use of this group of substances to regulate various biochemical processes in the immunity system.

[Trace elements in the neurophysiological mechanisms of the development of interhemispheric asymmetry]. / Mikroélementy v neirofiziologicheskikh mekhanizmakh formirovaniia mezhpolusharnoi asimmetrii.

The content of microelements in the cerebral cortex of rats featuring motor asymmetry was studied by the method of emission spectral analysis with inductively bound argon plasma. The content of microelements (Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, P, S, and Zn) differs reliably in the subdominant and dominant hemispheres. We propose that interhemispheric asymmetry of the content of microelements plays the key role in formation of the brain functional asymmetry.