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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive impairments. Despite the limited efficacy of current treatments for AD, the 1,2,4-oxadiazole structure has garnered significant attention in medicinal chemistry due to its potential impact on mGluR1 and its association with AD therapy. In this study, a series of novel 1,2,4-oxadiazole derivatives were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for the neuroprotective effects in human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells. Among all the derivatives tested, FO-4-15 (5f) existed the lowest cytotoxicity and the highest protective effect against H2O2. Based on these in vitro results, FO-4-15 was administered to 3×Tg mice and significantly improved the cognitive impairments of the AD mice. Pathological analysis showed that FO-4-15 significantly reduced Aß accumulation, Tau hyper-phosphorylation, and synaptic impairments in the 3×Tg mice. Dysfunction of the CaMKIIα/Fos signaling pathway in 3×Tg mice was found to be restored by FO-4-15 and the necessity of the CaMKIIα/Fos for FO-4-15 was subsequently confirmed by the use of a CaMKIIα inhibitor in vitro. Beyond that, mGluR1 was identified to be a potential target of FO-4-15, and the interaction of FO-4-15 and mGluR1 was displayed by Ca2+ flow increase, molecular docking, and interaction energy analysis. The target of FO-4-15 was further confirmed in vitro by JNJ16259685, a nonselective inhibitor of mGluR1. These findings suggest that FO-4-15 may hold promise as a potential treatment for Alzheimer's disease.
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PURPOSE: Alström Syndrome (AS) is an autosomal recessive hereditary disease with the characteristics of multiorgan dysfunction. Due to the heterogeneity of clinical manifestations of AS, genetic testing is crucial for the diagnosis of AS. Herein, we used whole-exome sequencing (WES) to determine the genetic causes and characterize the clinical features of three affected patients in two Chinese families with Alström Syndrome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three affected patients (initially diagnosed as achromatopsia). and five asymptomatic members were recruited for both genetic and clinical tests. The complete ophthalmic examinations and systemic examinations were performed on all participants. Whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed for mutation detection. The silico analysis was also applied to predict the pathogenesis of identified pathogenic variants. RESULTS: In family 1, the proband showed low vision, hyperopia, photophobia, nystagmus, and total color blindness. DNA analysis revealed that she carried a compound heterozygote with two novel pathogenic variants in the ALMS1 gene NM_015120.4:c.10379del (NP_055935.4:p.(Asp2252Tyr)) and NM_015120.4:c.11641_11642del (NP_055935.4:p.(Val3881ThrfsTer11)). Further systemic examinations showed short stature, acanthosis nigricans, and sensorineural hearing loss. In family 2, two affected siblings presented the low vision, hyperopia, photophobia, nystagmus, and total color blindness. DNA analysis revealed that they carried a same compound heterozygote with two novel pathogenic variants in the ALMS1 gene NM_015120.4:c.10379del (NP_055935.4:p.(Asn3460IlefsTer49)), NM_015120.4:c.10819C > T (NP_055935.4:p.(Arg3607Trp)). Further systemic examinations showed obesity and mild abnormalities of lipid metabolism. According to the genetic testing results and further systemic analysis, the three affected patients were finally diagnosed as Alström Syndrome (AS). CONCLUSIONS: We found two new compound heterozygous pathogenic variants of the ALMS1 gene and determined the diagnosis as Alström Syndrome in three patients of two Chinese families. Our study extends the genotypic and phenotypic spectrums for ALMS1 -AS and emphasizes the importance of gene testing in assisting the clinical diagnosis for cases with phenotypic diversities, which would help the AS patients with early diagnosis and treatment to reduce future systemic damage.
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Síndrome de Alstrom , Hiperopia , Baixa Visão , Síndrome de Alstrom/diagnóstico , Síndrome de Alstrom/genética , Proteínas de Ciclo Celular/genética , China , Defeitos da Visão Cromática , DNA/genética , Feminino , Humanos , Mutação , Linhagem , FotofobiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Urinary bladder lymphangioma is a rare and benign lesion that is often causes symptoms related to irritation and urinary tract obstruction. Because a lymphangioma may resemble a true neoplasm of the urinary bladder clinically, the lesion must be removed for accurate histologic diagnosis and to rule out malignancy. CASE PRESENTATION: We present a case of a 40-year-old female who was evaluated for painless gross hematuria. Clinical and diagnostic work up revealed a sharply defined mass involving the wall and bulging into the cavity on the dome of the bladder. Partial cystectomy was performed and histologic findings were compatible with cavernous lymphangioma. The symptom of hematuria relieved after the procedure and the patient was in good status without evidence of recurrence by cystoscopy at follow-up 6 months later. CONCLUSIONS: Lymphangioma of the urinary bladder is treated with surgical excision and seems to have no recurrence once completely resected, but long-time follow-up may be needed.
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Linfangioma/diagnóstico , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/diagnóstico , Adulto , Cistectomia , Feminino , Hematúria/etiologia , Humanos , Linfangioma/diagnóstico por imagem , Linfangioma/patologia , Linfangioma/cirurgia , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/patologia , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/cirurgiaRESUMO
High-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) protein, as one of the well-known damage-associated molecular pattern molecules (DAMPs), is enriched in chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and has a context-dependent role in autophagy, a highly conserved self-digestive process in response to environmental stress. Recent mouse studies indicate that autophagy is highly active in regulatory T (Treg)-cells. In the present study, we evaluated spontaneous and induced autophagy of peripheral Treg cells from 98 patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), by measuring levels of lipidated form of microtubule-associated light chain 3 (LC3-II, marker for closed autophagosomes) and observing autophagic vacuoles (AV) with transmission electron microscope. No significant difference was found in spontaneous autophagy of either Treg or CD4+ naive cells when comparing CHB patients with healthy subjects, apart from CHB-Treg showed significantly higher autophagic activity after activation by anti-CD3-CD28 beads. Besides, incubation of CHB-Treg cells with CHB-serum greatly maintained their autophagic behaviour, which could be significantly diminished by blocking HMGB1 with the neutralizing antibody. Further, we characterized time- and dose-dependent effects by recombinant HMGB1 protein on autophagy of CHB-Treg cells. We also documented a significant up-regulation of HMGB1 and its receptors [toll-like receptor (TLR4), receptor for advanced glycation end-product (RAGE)] in both peripheral and intra-hepatic microenvironments of CHB patients. Moreover, the RAGE-extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK) axis and rapamycin-sensitive components of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways were demonstrated in vitro to be involved in HMGB1-induced autophagy of Treg cells. Additionally, HMGB1-induced autophagy could maintain cell survival and functional stability of CHB-Treg cells. Our findings could open new perspectives in developing therapeutic strategies to activate specific anti-HBV immunity by diminishing Treg autophagy.
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Autofagia , Proteína HMGB1/metabolismo , Hepatite B Crônica/imunologia , Linfócitos T Reguladores/fisiologia , Adulto , Antígenos de Neoplasias/metabolismo , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Hepatite B Crônica/metabolismo , Humanos , Sistema de Sinalização das MAP Quinases , Masculino , Proteínas Quinases Ativadas por Mitógeno/metabolismo , Serina-Treonina Quinases TOR/metabolismo , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Renal artery aneurysm (RAA) is rare and its incidence in the general population remains elusive. There have been few reports on the repair of multiple aneurysms conducted with the Da Vinci robot-assisted surgical platform (Intuitive Surgical Inc., Sunnyvale, CA, USA), especially for those located in renal artery primary bifurcations. CASE PRESENTATION: We report our experience in the surgical management of two expanding right-sided RAAs in a 64-year-old man using a robot-assisted laparoscopic approach. Two aneurysms were located in renal artery primary bifurcations, whose diameter was 1.8 and 1.2 cm. The aneurysms were resected and the renal artery branch reconstructed by in situ arteriorrhaphy. The operation lasted for 2 h and 35 min with a warm ischemia time of 26 min and estimated blood loss of 150 ml. The hospital stay was 6 days. The computed tomography (CT) scan performed 2 months after the surgery showed resolution of the aneurysms. Additionally, split renal function indicated the preservation of right renal function in the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: The robot-assisted laparoscopic procedure is a safe and effective surgical technique, which may be considered as an alternative to open surgery for complex multiple RAAs in the future.
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Aneurisma/cirurgia , Gerenciamento Clínico , Laparoscopia/métodos , Procedimentos de Cirurgia Plástica/métodos , Artéria Renal/cirurgia , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Robóticos/métodos , Aneurisma/diagnóstico por imagem , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Artéria Renal/diagnóstico por imagem , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Vasculares/métodosRESUMO
CORRECTION: After publication of this work [1] it was noticed the author - Jie Wang's name was in the wrong order. The original article was corrected. The publisher apologises for this error.
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Microparticles are small membrane fragments shed primarily from blood and endothelial cells during either activation or apoptosis. There is mounting evidence suggesting that microparticles perform a large array of biological functions and contribute to various diseases. Of these disease processes, a significant link has been established between microparticles and venous thromboembolism. Advances in research on the role of microparticles in thrombosis have yielded crucial insights into possible mechanisms, diagnoses and therapeutic targets of venous thromboembolism. In this review, we discuss the definition and properties of microparticles and venous thromboembolism, provide a synopsis of the evidence detailing the contributions of microparticles to venous thromboembolism, and propose potential mechanisms, by which venous thromboembolism occurs. Moreover, we illustrate a possible role of microparticles in cancer-related venous thromboembolism.
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Micropartículas Derivadas de Células/patologia , Tromboembolia Venosa/patologia , Apoptose/fisiologia , Células Endoteliais/patologia , Humanos , Neoplasias/patologiaRESUMO
AIMS: The study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary folic acid (FA) on the production performance of laying hens, egg quality, and the nutritional differences between eggs fortified with FA and ordinary eggs. METHODS: A total of 288 26-week-old Hy-Line Brown laying hens (initial body weights 1.65 ± 0.10 kg) with a similar weight and genetic background were used. A completely randomized design divided the birds into a control group and three treatment groups. Each group consisted of six replicates, with twelve chickens per replicate. Initially, all birds were fed a basal diet for 1 week. Subsequently, they were fed a basal diet supplemented with 0, 5, 10, or 15 mg/kg FA in a premix for a duration of 6 weeks. RESULTS: Supplementation of FA could significantly (p < 0.05) enhance the FA content in egg yolks, particularly when 10 mg/kg was used, as it had the most effective enrichment effect. Compared to the control group, the Glu content in the 10 and 15 mg/kg FA groups showed a significant (p < 0.05) decrease. Additionally, the contents of Asp, Ile, Tyr, Phe, Cys, and Met in the 15 mg/kg FA group were significantly (p < 0.05) lower compared to the other groups. Adding FA did not have significant effects on the levels of vitamin A and vitamin E in egg yolk, but the vitamin D content in the 5 and 10 mg/kg FA groups showed a significant (p < 0.05) increase. Furthermore, the addition of FA did not have a significant effect on the levels of Cu, Fe, Mn, Se, and Zn in egg yolk. The dietary FA did not have a significant effect on the total saturated fatty acids (SFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content in egg yolk. However, the total monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) content in the 5 and 10 mg/kg groups significantly (p < 0.05) increased. These changes in nutritional content might be attributed to the increased very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) protein content. The significant decrease in solute carrier family 1 Member 1 (SLC1A1), solute carrier family 1 Member 2 (SLC1A2), and solute carrier family 1 Member 3 (SLC1A3) gene expression compared to the control group appeared to be the reason for the decrease in amino acid content in egg yolk within the dietary FA group. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that the appropriate addition of FA can enhance the levels of MUFA and vitamin D in egg yolks, thereby improving their nutritional value. Excessive intake of FA can decrease the effectiveness of enriching FA in egg yolk and impact the enrichment of certain amino acids. The yolk of eggs produced by adding 10 mg/kg of FA to the feed contains the optimal amount of nutrients. This study informs consumers purchasing FA-fortified eggs.
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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy and safety of using magnetically guided capsule endoscopy with a detachable string (ds-MCE) for detecting and grading oesophagogastric varices in adults with cirrhosis. DESIGN: Prospective multicentre diagnostic accuracy study. SETTING: 14 medical centres in China. PARTICIPANTS: 607 adults (>18 years) with cirrhosis recruited between 7 January 2021 and 25 August 2022. Participants underwent ds-MCE (index test), followed by oesophagogastroduodenoscopy (OGD, reference test) within 48 hours. The participants were divided into development and validation cohorts in a ratio of 2:1. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcomes were the sensitivity and specificity of ds-MCE in detecting oesophagogastric varices compared with OGD. Secondary outcomes included the sensitivity and specificity of ds-MCE for detecting high risk oesophageal varices and the diagnostic accuracy of ds-MCE for detecting high risk oesophagogastric varices, oesophageal varices, and gastric varices. RESULTS: ds-MCE and OGD examinations were completed in 582 (95.9%) of the 607 participants. Using OGD as the reference standard, ds-MCE had a sensitivity of 97.5% (95% confidence interval 95.5% to 98.7%) and specificity of 97.8% (94.4% to 99.1%) for detecting oesophagogastric varices (both P<0.001 compared with a prespecified 85% threshold). When using the optimal 18% threshold for luminal circumference of the oesophagus derived from the development cohort (n=393), the sensitivity and specificity of ds-MCE for detecting high risk oesophageal varices in the validation cohort (n=189) were 95.8% (89.7% to 98.4%) and 94.7% (88.2% to 97.7%), respectively. The diagnostic accuracy of ds-MCE for detecting high risk oesophagogastric varices, oesophageal varices, and gastric varices was 96.3% (92.6% to 98.2%), 96.9% (95.2% to 98.0%), and 96.7% (95.0% to 97.9%), respectively. Two serious adverse events occurred with OGD but none with ds-MCE. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study suggest that ds-MCE is a highly accurate and safe diagnostic tool for detecting and grading oesophagogastric varices and is a promising alternative to OGD for screening and surveillance of oesophagogastric varices in patients with cirrhosis. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03748563.
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Endoscopia por Cápsula , Varizes Esofágicas e Gástricas , Varizes , Adulto , Humanos , Varizes Esofágicas e Gástricas/diagnóstico , Varizes Esofágicas e Gástricas/etiologia , Cirrose Hepática/complicações , Estudos ProspectivosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the mutational spectrum in young patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) based on next generation sequencing (NGS), and to provide a basis for in-depth understanding of the molecular biological characteristics and accurate prognosis of young DLBCL. METHODS: From March 2009 to March 2021, 68 young DLBCL patients with complete initial diagnosis data from the Department of Hematology, The People's Hospital Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region were retrospectively analyzed, and their paraffin-embedded tissues were subjected to targeted sequencing analysis by NGS technology (including 475 Target genes), and the differences in gene mutation profiles and signaling pathways between high-risk patients with aaIPI ≥2 and low-intermediate risk patients with aaIPI <2 were compared. RESULTS: A total of 44 high-frequency mutation genes were detected in 68 young DLBCL patients. By comparing the high-frequency mutation genes in aaIPI high-risk group and low-intermediate risk group, it was found that CARD11 mutation in aaIPI high-risk group was significantly higher than that in low-intermediate risk group (P =0.002), while MGA mutation (P =0.037) only appeared in the aaIPI high-risk group, and SPEN mutation (P =0.004) only appeared in the aaIPI low-intermediate risk group. The high-frequency mutation genes and clinical indicators of the aaIPI high-risk group were included in the survival analysis, and the results showed that TP53 (P =0.009, P =0.027), POU2AF1 (P =0.003, P =0.006) and CCND3 (P =0.040, P =0.014) genes mutations were associated with worse PFS and OS, while B2M was associated with better PFS (P =0.014) and OS (P =0.013). Multivariate COX regression analysis showed that the TP53, POU2AF1 and CCND3 were independent risk factors for PFSï¼P ï¼0.021ï¼P =0.005ï¼P =0.020ï¼ and OSï¼P ï¼0.042ï¼P =0.010ï¼P =0.013ï¼. CONCLUSION: The aaIPI staging combination with molecular biology markers is more conducive to accurately judging the prognosis of young DLBCL patients. TP53, POU2AF1 and CCND3 mutations predict worse survival in the patients with the aaIPI high-risk group.
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Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B , Humanos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Prognóstico , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/genética , Biomarcadores , Mutação , Sequenciamento de Nucleotídeos em Larga EscalaRESUMO
Aims: The study aimed to evaluate the effects of pretreated Chinese herbal medicine (PCHM) on egg quality, production performance, histopathological changes in the uterus, antiox idant capacity, and antioxidant gene expression in late-phase layers. Methods: Jinghong No.1 layers (n = 360, 68 weeks old) were assigned randomly to one of f our dietary interventions. Each treatment was replicated six times. Repeat 15 chickens per g roup. All birds were fed a diet composed of a corn-soybean meal-based diet supplemented with 0, 0.2, 0.4, or 0.8% PCHM for 6 weeks. Results: Dietary PCHM supplementation had no significant effects on laying rate, feed con sumption, yolk color, and shape index. With increasing PCHM level the Haugh unit linearly increased (P < 0.05). Supplementation of 0.8% PCHM increased egg weight, compared with the control (P < 0.05). PCHM can effectively alleviated the pathological changes caused by aging in the uterus including hemorrhage, and many inflammatory cell infiltrations. Supplementation of 0.4% PCHM increased glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) in liver, magnum, and plasm considerably, compared with the control (P < 0.05). Supplementation of PCHM decr ease in the liver, magnum, and uterus on malondialdehyde (MDA) content, compared with the control (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, mRNA expressions of glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1), peroxidase 4 (GPX4), catalase (CAT), and nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in the magnum, liver, and uterus were dramatically rose in the 0.4% PCHM supplementation group (P < 0.05). In summary, dietary supplementation after PCHM increased egg weight and quality in late-phase laying hens. Conclusion: Dietary PCHM increased the antioxidative capacity of late-phase laying hens, which could be associated with increased mRNA expression of antioxidant enzymes and Nrf2. These findings provide potential for using PCHM to increase the production performance in late-phase laying hens.
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When pathological hypertrophy progresses to heart failure (HF), the prognosis is often very poor. Therefore, it is crucial to find new and effective intervention targets. Here, myocardium-specific Trim44 knockout rats were generated using CRISPR-Cas9 technology. Cardiac phenotypic observations revealed that Trim44 knockout affected cardiac morphology at baseline. Rats with Trim44 deficiency exhibited resistance to cardiac pathological changes in response to stimulation via isoproterenol (ISO) treatment, including improvement of cardiac remodeling and dysfunction by morphological and functional observations, reduced myocardial fibrosis and reduced expression of molecular markers of cardiac stress. Furthermore, signal transduction validation associated with growth and hypertrophy development in vivo and in vitro demonstrated that Trim44 deficiency inhibited the activation of signaling pathways involved in myocardial hypertrophy, especially response to pathological stress. In conclusion, the present study indicates that Trim44 knockout attenuates ISO-induced pathological cardiac remodeling through blocking the AKT/mTOR/GSK3ß/P70S6K signaling pathway. This is the first study to demonstrate the function and importance of Trim44 in the heart at baseline and under pathological stress. Trim44 could be a novel therapeutic target for prevention of cardiac hypertrophy and HF.
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Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt , Remodelação Ventricular , Animais , Cardiomegalia/genética , Isoproterenol/metabolismo , Isoproterenol/farmacologia , Isoproterenol/uso terapêutico , Miócitos Cardíacos/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt/metabolismo , Ratos , Serina-Treonina Quinases TOR/metabolismo , Remodelação Ventricular/fisiologiaRESUMO
PURPOSE: To determine whether di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) promotes the occurrence of bladder cancer (BCa) and explore the action of DBP acts on BCa cells at the cellular and molecular levels. METHODS: MTT and Transwell assays were used to investigate the tumorigenic actions of DBP on BCa cells. Second-generation sequencing was used to identify differences in gene expression before and after DBP treatment. Differential gene expression was verified by q-PCR and analyzed using bioinformatics. Cells were transfected to overexpress genes of interest and proliferation and migration were measured using MTT and Transwell assays, respectively. RESULTS: DBP treatment stimulated both proliferation and invasion in BCa cells. Second-generation sequencing identified differences in the expression of FOSB, JUND, ATP6V1C2, and RHOQ before and after DBP treatment. FOSB expression was confirmed by q-PCR and bioinformatic analyses. FOSB overexpression increased both proliferation and invasion in BCa cells. CONCLUSION: DBP promoted BCa tumorigenesis by inducing changes in gene expression.
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Dibutilftalato , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária , Humanos , Dibutilftalato/toxicidade , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/induzido quimicamente , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/genética , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/metabolismo , Proliferação de Células , CarcinogêneseRESUMO
As a functional fatty acid, α-linolenic acid (ALA) is essential in promoting animal testosterone biosynthesis. This study investigated the effects of ALA on testosterone biosynthesis and the possible mechanism underlying the signaling pathway in primary Leydig cells of the rooster. METHODS: Primary rooster Leydig cells were treated with ALA (0, 20, 40, or 80 µmol/L) or pretreated with a p38 inhibitor (50 µmol/L), a c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor (20 µmol/L), or an extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) inhibitor (20 µmol/L) before ALA treatment. Testosterone content in the conditioned culture medium was detected using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The expression of steroidogenic enzymes and JNK-SF-1 signaling pathway factors was detected using real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR). RESULTS: Supplementation with ALA significantly increased testosterone secretion within culture media (P < 0.05), and the optimized dose was 40 µmol/L. Compared with the control group, steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme (P450scc), and 3ß-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3ß-HSD) mRNA expression significantly increased (P < 0.05) in the 40 µmol/L ALA group; 17-hydroxylase/c17-20 lyase (P450c17) and p38 mRNA expressions were not significantly different in the 40 µmol/L ALA group; ERK and JNK mRNA expressions were significantly upregulated (P < 0.05) in 40 µmol/L ALA group. In the inhibitor group, testosterone levels were significantly downregulated (P < 0.05). Compared with the 40 µmol/L ALA group, StAR, P450scc, and P450c17 mRNA expressions were significantly decreased (P < 0.05), and 3ß-HSD mRNA expression in the p38 inhibitor group did not change; StAR, P450scc, and 3ß-HSD mRNA expressions were significantly decreased (P < 0.05), and P450c17 mRNA expression in ERK inhibitor group did not change; StAR, P450scc, 3ß-HSD, and P450c17 mRNA expressions were significantly decreased (P < 0.05) in JNK inhibitor group. Additionally, the increased steroidogenic factor 1 (SF-1) gene expression levels induced by ALA were reversed when the cells were pre-incubated with JNK and ERK inhibitors. The levels in the JNK inhibitor group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: ALA may promote testosterone biosynthesis by activating the JNK-SF-1 signaling pathway to upregulate StAR, P450scc, 3ß-HSD, and P450c17 expression in primary rooster Leydig cells.
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Células Intersticiais do Testículo , Ácido alfa-Linolênico , Masculino , Animais , Células Intersticiais do Testículo/metabolismo , Fator Esteroidogênico 1/metabolismo , Fator Esteroidogênico 1/farmacologia , Ácido alfa-Linolênico/farmacologia , Galinhas/genética , 3-Hidroxiesteroide Desidrogenases/metabolismo , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Testosterona/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais , Enzima de Clivagem da Cadeia Lateral do Colesterol/genética , Enzima de Clivagem da Cadeia Lateral do Colesterol/metabolismoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: We invented Endoscopic Ruler, a new endoscopic device to measure the size of varices in patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension. AIM: To assess the feasibility and safety of Endoscopic Ruler, and evaluate the agreement on identifying large oesophageal varices (OV) between Endoscopic Ruler and the endoscopists, as well as the interobserver agreement on diagnosing large OV using Endoscopic Ruler. METHODS: We prospectively and consecutively enrolled patients with cirrhosis from 11 hospitals, all of whom got esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) with Endoscopic Ruler. The primary study outcome was a successful measurement of the size of varices using Endoscopic Ruler. The secondary outcomes included adverse events, operation time, the agreement of identifying large OV between the objective measurement of Endoscopic Ruler and the empirical reading of endoscopists, together with the interobserver agreement on diagnosing large OV by Endoscopic Ruler. RESULTS: From November 2020 to April 2022, a total of 120 eligible patients with cirrhosis were recruited and all of them underwent EGD examinations with Endoscopic Ruler successfully without any adverse event. The median operation time of Endoscopic Ruler was 3.00 min [interquartile range (IQR): 3.00 min]. The kappa value between Endoscopic Ruler and the endoscopists while detecting large OV was 0.52, demonstrating a moderate agreement. The kappa value for diagnosing large OV using Endoscopic Ruler among the six independent observers was 0.77, demonstrating a substantial agreement. CONCLUSION: The data demonstrates that Endoscopic Ruler is feasible and safe for measuring the size of varices in patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Endoscopic Ruler is potential to promote the clinical practice of the two-grade classification system of OV.
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Approximately 35% of rapeseed meal (RSM) dry matter (DM) are carbohydrates, half of which are water-soluble carbohydrates. The cell wall of rapeseed meal contains arabinan, galactomannan, homogalacturonan, rhamnogalacturonan I, type II arabinogalactan, glucuronoxylan, XXGG-type and XXXG-type xyloglucan, and cellulose. Glycoside hydrolases including in the degradation of RSM carbohydrates are α-L-Arabinofuranosidases (EC 3.2.1.55), endo-α-1,5-L-arabinanases (EC 3.2.1.99), Endo-1,4-ß-mannanase (EC 3.2.1.78), ß-mannosidase (EC 3.2.1.25), α-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.22), reducing-end-disaccharide-lyase (pectate disaccharide-lyase) (EC 4.2.2.9), (1 â 4)-6-O-methyl-α-D-galacturonan lyase (pectin lyase) (EC 4.2.2.10), (1 â 4)-α-D-galacturonan reducing-end-trisaccharide-lyase (pectate trisaccharide-lyase) (EC 4.2.2.22), α-1,4-D-galacturonan lyase (pectate lyase) (EC 4.2.2.2), (1 â 4)-α-D-galacturonan glycanohydrolase (endo-polygalacturonase) (EC 3.2.1.15), Rhamnogalacturonan hydrolase, Rhamnogalacturonan lyase (EC 4.2.2.23), Exo-ß-1,3-galactanase (EC 3.2.1.145), endo-ß-1,6-galactanase (EC 3.2.1.164), Endo-ß-1,4-glucanase (EC 3.2.1.4), α-xylosidase (EC 3.2.1.177), ß-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.21) endo-ß-1,4-glucanase (EC 3.2.1.4), exo-ß-1,4-glucanase (EC 3.2.1.91), and ß-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.21). In conclusion, this review summarizes the chemical and nutritional compositions of RSM, and the microbial degradation of RSM cell wall carbohydrates which are important to allow to develop strategies to improve recalcitrant RSM carbohydrate degradation by the gut microbiota, and eventually to improve animal feed digestibility, feed efficiency, and animal performance.
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Spermatogenesis, sperm motility, and apoptosis are dependent on the regulation of glandular hormones and mitochondria. Natural astaxanthin (ASTA) has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties. The present study evaluates the effects of ASTA on testosterone synthesis and mitochondrial function in aging roosters. Jinghong No. 1 layer breeder roosters (n = 96, 53-week old) were fed a corn−soybean meal basal diet containing 0, 25, 50, or 100 mg/kg ASTA for 6 weeks. The levels of plasma reproductive hormones and the mRNA and protein levels of molecules related to testosterone synthesis were significantly improved (p < 0.05) in the testes of the ASTA group roosters. In addition, antioxidant activities and free radical scavenging abilities in roosters of the ASTA groups were higher than those of the control group (p < 0.05). Mitochondrial electron transport chain complexes activities and mitochondrial membrane potential in sperm increased linearly with dietary ASTA supplementation (p < 0.05). The levels of reactive oxygen species and apoptosis factors decreased in roosters of the ASTA groups (p < 0.05). Collectively, these results suggest that dietary ASTA may improve testosterone levels and reduce sperm apoptosis, which may be related to the upregulation of the testosterone synthesis pathway and the enhancement of mitochondrial function in aging roosters.
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This study's objective was to investigate the effects of dietary Se (in the form of selenomethionine) on the antioxidant activity and selenoprotein gene expressions in layer breeder roosters. One hundred and eighty, 36-wk-old Jingfen layer breeder roosters were randomly allocated to one of 5 dietary treatments (0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, or 2 mg/kg Se) for 6 wk on a corn-soybean meal-based diet. Antioxidant parameters and selenoprotein gene expressions were assessed at the end of the experiment. The results showed that Se supplementation significantly increased the activity of T-SOD, CAT, GSH-Px, and superoxide anion scavenging ability in plasma (P ≤ 0.05), and activities of T-SOD, CAT, GSH-Px, superoxide anion scavenging ability, and hydroxyl radical scavenging ability in the liver, kidney, and testis (P < 0.05). Moreover, MDA levels were significantly reduced in plasma, liver, kidney, and testis (P < 0.01), compared to the control group. Furthermore, the dietary administration of Se significantly increased TrxR2 and GPx4 mRNA levels in kidney and testis, and ID1 mRNA levels in liver and kidney. Most of the antioxidant parameters and selenoprotein-related gene expressions significantly increased, and MDA significantly decreased at dietary supplementation with 0.5 mg/kg Se. Whereas a higher dose of Se level (1 or 2 mg/kg) inhibited the activities of some of the antioxidant enzymes and selenoprotein-related gene expressions in selected tissues. In conclusion, dietary Se supplementation with 0.5 mg/kg significantly improved roosters' antioxidant status and selenoprotein-related gene expression in liver, kidney, and testis, while higher doses led to inhibit these; dietary Se might increase reproductive performance by enhancing their antioxidant status in roosters.
Assuntos
Selênio , Selenometionina , Animais , Masculino , Selenometionina/metabolismo , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Galinhas/metabolismo , Ração Animal/análise , Suplementos Nutricionais , Superóxidos/metabolismo , Selenoproteínas/genética , Selenoproteínas/metabolismo , Dieta/veterinária , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Expressão Gênica , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismo , Selênio/metabolismoRESUMO
Cryopreservation of rooster sperm leads to relatively low semen quality due to cytoskeletal damage during the freeze-thawing process. This study aimed to explore how the addition of RhoA recombinant protein affected the viability and subcellular structure of rooster sperm after freeze-thawing and elucidated the molecular mechanisms of sperm cryopreservation. Semen quality and acrosome integrity testing revealed that the addition of 0.5 µg/mL RhoA recombinant protein to the cryoprotectant fluid significantly increased sperm motility, survival rate, linearity, straight-line velocity, and acrosome integrity after freeze-thawing (P < 0.05). Ultrastructure analysis of cryopreserved sperm showed structural damage to the sperm plasma membrane, nuclear membrane, and tail. However, compared to the control, these structural changes were reduced upon the addition of RhoA recombinant protein to the cryoprotective fluid (P < 0.05). Western blotting revealed that the expression of Rho/RhoA-associated kinase and p-cofilin was increased, and cofilin expression was decreased after sperm cryopreservation with recombinant RhoA protein. Treatment with Y-27632, a ROCK antagonist, suppressed ROCK and p-cofilin expression and decreased semen quality, acrosome integrity, and ultrastructure integrity. In summary, we have demonstrated a cryoprotective effect in spermatozoa involving the Rho/ROCK pathway during freeze-thawing. Furthermore, the addition of 0.5 µg/mL RhoA recombinant protein to the cryoprotective fluid improved rooster semen quality and subcellular structural homeostasis after freeze-thawing via the Rho/ROCK pathway. This pathway may regulate the dynamic reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton by regulating the cofilin phosphorylation.