Effect of Intensive Physiotherapy Training for Children With Congenital Zika Syndrome: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of intensive physiotherapy training on the motor function of children with congenital Zika syndrome (CZS). DESIGN: A retrospective cohort study. SETTING: A support center for children with microcephaly. PARTICIPANTS: Children (N=7) aged 14 to 18 months old who were diagnosed with CZS and previously monitored more than 1 year. INTERVENTIONS: A 2-stage protocol repeated uninterruptedly for 1 year. In the first stage, the children were submitted to 1 hour of conventional physiotherapy and 1 hour of suit therapy 5 times a week for 4 weeks. The second stage consisted of 1 hour of suit therapy 3 times a week for 2 weeks. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Gross motor function measure (GMFM) and body weight. RESULTS: Six evaluations were conducted approximately 3 months apart. An increase in the overall GMFM score was observed between the first and second (P=.046), first and third (P=.018), first and fourth (P=.018), first and fifth (P=.043), and first and sixth evaluations (P=.018). Differences in the scores of the individual GMFM dimensions were found only for dimension A (lying and rolling) between the first and fourth evaluations (P=.027) and for dimension B (sitting) between the first and third (P=.018), first and fourth (P=.046), and first and sixth evaluations (P=.027). No difference was found in body weight between the first and sixth evaluations (P=.009). During follow-up, only 1 child required hospitalization, and another had increased irritability. CONCLUSIONS: Children with CZS were able to perform 2 hours of motor physiotherapy daily with no serious complications, resulting in an increase or stabilization in GMFM scores.

Uterine exteriorization compared with in situ repair at cesarean delivery: a randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE: To compare extra-abdominal to intra-abdominal repair of the uterine incision at cesarean delivery. METHODS: This is a randomized controlled trial conducted at the Instituto Materno-Infantil Prof. Fernando Figueira (Recife, Brazil). Inclusion criteria were indication for cesarean delivery and gestational age of 24 weeks or more. Patients with two or more cesarean deliveries, chorioamnionitis, hemorrhage, inability to consent, and previous abdominal surgery were excluded. Variables analyzed were nausea, vomiting, mean operative time, intraoperative blood loss, number of surgical sutures for uterine repair, postoperative pain evaluated by the visual analog scale, number of postoperative analgesic doses, surgical site infection, and endometritis. RESULTS: The analysis included 325 patients randomized for exteriorized uterine repair and 312 patients randomized for in situ uterine repair. A significant difference was observed in duration of surgery: lasting less than 45 minutes (44% with exteriorized uterus compared with 35.3% with in situ uterus, P=.02; number needed to treat=12) and less need of sutures (18.2% requiring one suture in the exteriorized group compared with 11.9% in the in situ group, P=.03; number needed to treat=16). The frequency of moderate or severe pain 6 hours after surgery was low [corrected] in women with in situ [corrected] repair (23.1%) when compared to those with the uterus exteriorized [corrected] (32.6%) (P=.026; number needed to treat=11). There was no difference between the groups in relation to other variables. CONCLUSION: There is no significant difference between extra-abdominal and intra-abdominal repair of the uterine incision at cesarean delivery, but the number of sutures is lower and surgical time is shorter with extra-abdominal repair, although moderate and severe pain at 6 hours is less frequent with in situ uterine repair. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, www.clinicaltrials.gov, NCT00550888.

Pain evaluation in outpatients undergoing diagnostic anesthesia-free hysteroscopy in a teaching hospital: a cohort study.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To evaluate and determine the main causes for pain occurrence and intensity in outpatients undergoing anesthesia-free hysteroscopy in a medical school hospital. DESIGN: Cohort study (Canadian Task Force classification II-2). SETTING: Diagnosis Center of the Instituto Materno-Infantil de Pernambuco. PATIENTS: One hundred seventy-one outpatients undergoing anesthesia-free diagnostic hysteroscopy. INTERVENTION: To assess pain occurrence, intensity, and associated factors reported by patients undergoing anesthesia-free diagnostic hysteroscopy. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Pain frequency and intensity were determined by visual analog scale (VAS) at the end of the procedure and at 15-, 30-, and 60-minute intervals. Data analysis of clinical, obstetric, and gynecologic history and its association with pain was performed. Association through chi2 test (Pearson), risk ratio with 95% CI, and multiple logistic regression were used for statistical analysis. Pain score was higher immediately after the procedure with a median of 6, decreasing to 3, 1, and 0 at 15-, 30-, and 60-minute intervals, respectively. Multiple logistic regression was performed, and the only parameters remaining that were significantly associated with pain were menopause, speculum placement, and the absence of previous vaginal delivery. CONCLUSION: Anesthesia-free diagnostic hysteroscopy is often associated with pain, and it has been determined that menopause, speculum placement, and absence of previous vaginal delivery are factors associated with pain occurrence and intensity.