RESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To determine the association of catecholamine dose, lactate concentration, and timing from shock onset at vasopressin initiation with in-hospital mortality. DESIGN: Retrospective, observational study using segmented and multivariable logistic regression to evaluate the associations of catecholamine dose, lactate concentration, and timing from shock onset at vasopressin initiation with in-hospital mortality. SETTING: Multiple hospitals within the Cleveland Clinic Health System. PATIENTS: Adult patients who met criteria for septic shock based on the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Adult Sepsis Event definition. INTERVENTIONS: All patients received continuous infusion vasopressin as an adjunct to catecholamine vasopressors. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: In total, 1,610 patients were included with a mean Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation III 109.0 ± 35.1 and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment 14.0 ± 3.5; 41% of patients survived the hospital admission. At the time of vasopressin initiation, patients had median (interquartile range) lactate concentration 3.9 mmol/L (2.3-7.2 mmol/L), norepinephrine-equivalent dose 25 µg/min (18-40 µg/min), and 5.3 hours (2.1-12.2 hr) elapsed since shock onset. The odds of in-hospital mortality increased 20.7% for every 10 µg/min increase in norepinephrine-equivalent dose up to 60 µg/min at the time of vasopressin initiation (adjusted odds ratio, 1.21 [95% CI, 1.09-1.34]), but no association was detected when the norepinephrine-equivalent dose exceeded 60 µg/min (adjusted odds ratio, 0.96 [95% CI, 0.84-1.10]). There was a significant interaction between timing of vasopressin initiation and lactate concentration (p = 0.02) for the association with in-hospital mortality. A linear association between increasing in-hospital mortality was detected for increasing lactate concentration at the time of vasopressin initiation, but no association was detected for time elapsed from shock onset. CONCLUSIONS: Higher norepinephrine-equivalent dose at vasopressin initiation and higher lactate concentration at vasopressin initiation were each associated higher in-hospital mortality in patients with septic shock who received vasopressin.
Assuntos
Choque Séptico , Adulto , Catecolaminas/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Ácido Láctico , Norepinefrina/uso terapêutico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Choque Séptico/tratamento farmacológico , Vasoconstritores/uso terapêutico , Vasopressinas/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Arginine vasopressin (AVP) is suggested as an adjunct to norepinephrine in patients with septic shock. Guidelines recommend an AVP dosage up to 0.03 units/min, but 0.04 units/min is commonly used in practice based on initial studies. This study was designed to compare the incidence of hemodynamic response between initial fixed-dosage AVP 0.03 units/min and AVP 0.04 units/min. METHODS: This retrospective, multi-hospital health system, cohort study included adult patients with septic shock receiving AVP as an adjunct to catecholamine vasopressors. Patients were excluded if they received an initial dosage other than 0.03 units/min or 0.04 units/min, or AVP was titrated within the first 6 hours of therapy. The primary outcome was hemodynamic response, defined as a mean arterial pressure ≥65 mm Hg and a decrease in catecholamine dosage at 6 hours after AVP initiation. Inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) based on the propensity score for initial AVP dosage receipt was utilized to estimate adjusted exposure effects. RESULTS: Of the 1536 patients included in the observed data, there was a nearly even split between initial AVP dosage of 0.03 units/min (n = 842 [54.8%]) and 0.04 units/min (n = 694 [45.2%]). Observed patients receiving AVP 0.03 units/min were more frequently treated at the main campus academic medical center (96.3% vs. 52.2%, p < 0.01) and in a medical intensive care unit (87.4% vs. 39.8%, p < 0.01). The IPTW analysis included 1379 patients with achievement of baseline covariate balance. There was no evidence for a difference between groups in the incidence of hemodynamic response (0.03 units/min 50.0% vs. 0.04 units/min 53.1%, adjusted relative risk 1.06 [95% CI 0.94, 1.20]). CONCLUSIONS: Initial AVP dosing varied by hospital and unit type. Although commonly used, an initial AVP dosage of 0.04 units/min was not associated with a higher incidence of early hemodynamic response to AVP in patients with septic shock.
Assuntos
Choque Séptico , Vasoconstritores , Vasopressinas , Adulto , Hemodinâmica , Humanos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Choque Séptico/tratamento farmacológico , Vasoconstritores/uso terapêutico , Vasopressinas/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Protection afforded from prior disease among patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection is unknown. If infection provides substantial long-lasting immunity, it may be appropriate to reconsider vaccination distribution. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study of 1 health system included 150 325 patients tested for COVID-19 infection via polymerase chain reaction from 12 March 2020 to 30 August 2020. Testing performed up to 24 February 2021 in these patients was included. The main outcome was reinfection, defined as infection ≥90 days after initial testing. Secondary outcomes were symptomatic infection and protection of prior infection against reinfection. RESULTS: Of 150 325 patients, 8845 (5.9%) tested positive and 141 480 (94.1%) tested negative before 30 August. A total of 1278 (14.4%) positive patients were retested after 90 days, and 62 had possible reinfection. Of those, 31 (50%) were symptomatic. Of those with initial negative testing, 5449 (3.9%) were subsequently positive and 3191 of those (58.5%) were symptomatic. Protection offered from prior infection was 81.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 76.6-85.8) and against symptomatic infection was 84.5% (95% CI, 77.9-89.1). This protection increased over time. CONCLUSIONS: Prior infection in patients with COVID-19 was highly protective against reinfection and symptomatic disease. This protection increased over time, suggesting that viral shedding or ongoing immune response may persist beyond 90 days and may not represent true reinfection. As vaccine supply is limited, patients with known history of COVID-19 could delay early vaccination to allow for the most vulnerable to access the vaccine and slow transmission.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Reinfecção , Estudos Retrospectivos , SARS-CoV-2RESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To formulate new "Choosing Wisely" for Critical Care recommendations that identify best practices to avoid waste and promote value while providing critical care. DATA SOURCES: Semistructured narrative literature review and quantitative survey assessments. STUDY SELECTION: English language publications that examined critical care practices in relation to reducing cost or waste. DATA EXTRACTION: Practices assessed to add no value to critical care were grouped by category. Taskforce assessment, modified Delphi consensus building, and quantitative survey analysis identified eight novel recommendations to avoid wasteful critical care practices. These were submitted to the Society of Critical Care Medicine membership for evaluation and ranking. DATA SYNTHESIS: Results from the quantitative Society of Critical Care Medicine membership survey identified the top scoring five of eight recommendations. These five highest ranked recommendations established Society of Critical Care Medicine's Next Five "Choosing" Wisely for Critical Care practices. CONCLUSIONS: Five new recommendations to reduce waste and enhance value in the practice of critical care address invasive devices, proactive liberation from mechanical ventilation, antibiotic stewardship, early mobilization, and providing goal-concordant care. These recommendations supplement the initial critical care recommendations from the "Choosing Wisely" campaign.
Assuntos
Tomada de Decisão Clínica , Cuidados Críticos/normas , Qualidade da Assistência à Saúde/normas , Consenso , Humanos , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto , Padrões de Prática Médica/normas , Sociedades Médicas/normasRESUMO
Background: Vasopressin decreases vasopressor requirements in patients with septic shock. However, the optimal norepinephrine dose for initiation or cessation of vasopressin is unclear. Objective: Analyze monthly intensive care unit (ICU) mortality rates 1 year preimplementation and postimplementation of a guideline suggesting a norepinephrine dose of 50 µg/min or more for initiation of vasopressin and early cessation of vasopressin. Methods: This retrospective quasi-experimental study included adult patients with septic shock admitted to the medical ICU of a tertiary care medical center over 2 years. Time periods were evaluated with interrupted time series analysis. Results: A total of 1148 patients were included: 573 patients preguideline and 575 patients postguideline. Group characteristics were well balanced at baseline, except patients postguideline had higher sequential organ failure assessment scores. Postguideline, fewer patients were initiated on vasopressin (305 [53.2%] vs 217 [37.7%], absolute difference -15.5% [95% CI -21.2% to -9.8%]), and the norepinephrine dose at vasopressin initiation was higher (median 25 [interquartile range 18, 40] µg/min vs 40 [22, 52] µg/min; median difference 15 [95% CI 11 to 19] µg/min; P < 0.01). After guideline implementation, there was no evidence for a difference in ICU mortality rate slope (slope change 0.07% [95% CI -0.8% to 1.0%] per month; P 0.87), but the vasoactive cost level decreased by US$183 (95% CI -US$327 to -US$39) per patient immediately after implementation. Conclusion and Relevance: Implementation of a guideline suggesting a high norepinephrine dose threshold for vasopressin initiation and early vasopressin cessation in patients with septic shock appears to be safe and may decrease vasoactive costs.
Assuntos
Cuidados Críticos , Análise de Séries Temporais Interrompida , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto/normas , Choque Séptico/tratamento farmacológico , Vasoconstritores/uso terapêutico , Vasopressinas/uso terapêutico , Adulto , Idoso , Análise Custo-Benefício , Cuidados Críticos/economia , Cuidados Críticos/métodos , Cuidados Críticos/normas , Feminino , Humanos , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Morbidade/tendências , Mortalidade/tendências , Norepinefrina/administração & dosagem , Norepinefrina/uso terapêutico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Choque Séptico/mortalidade , Vasoconstritores/administração & dosagem , Vasopressinas/administração & dosagemRESUMO
Nrf2 is essential to antioxidant response element (ARE)-mediated host defense. Sulforaphane (SFN) is a phytochemical antioxidant known to affect multiple cellular targets including Nrf2-ARE pathway in chemoprevention. However, the role of SFN in non-malignant airway disorders remain unclear. To test if pre-activation of Nrf2-ARE signaling protects lungs from oxidant-induced acute injury, wild-type (Nrf2+/+) and Nrf2-deficient (Nrf2-/-) mice were given SFN orally or as standardized broccoli sprout extract diet (SBE) before hyperoxia or air exposure. Hyperoxia-induced pulmonary injury and oxidation indices were significantly reduced by SFN or SBE in Nrf2+/+ mice but not in Nrf2-/- mice. SFN upregulated a large cluster of basal lung genes that are involved in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, energy metabolism, and cardiovascular protection only in Nrf2+/+ mice. Bioinformatic analysis elucidated ARE-like motifs on these genes. Transcript abundance of the mitochondrial machinery genes remained significantly higher after hyperoxia exposure in SFN-treated Nrf2+/+ mice than in SFN-treated Nrf2-/- mice. Nuclear factor-κB was suggested to be a central molecule in transcriptome networks affected by SFN. Minor improvement of hyperoxia-caused lung histopathology and neutrophilia by SFN in Nrf2-/- mice implies Nrf2-independent or alternate effector mechanisms. In conclusion, SFN is suggested to be as a preventive intervention in a preclinical model of acute lung injury by linking mitochondria and Nrf2. Administration of SFN alleviated acute lung injury-like pathogenesis in a Nrf2-dependent manner. Potential AREs in the SFN-inducible transcriptome for mitochondria bioenergetics provided a new insight into the downstream mechanisms of Nrf2-mediated pulmonary protection.
Assuntos
Lesão Pulmonar Aguda/prevenção & controle , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Metabolismo Energético/efeitos dos fármacos , Isotiocianatos/farmacologia , Pulmão/efeitos dos fármacos , Mitocôndrias/efeitos dos fármacos , Fator 2 Relacionado a NF-E2/metabolismo , Transcriptoma , Lesão Pulmonar Aguda/etiologia , Lesão Pulmonar Aguda/genética , Lesão Pulmonar Aguda/metabolismo , Animais , Elementos de Resposta Antioxidante , DNA Mitocondrial/genética , DNA Mitocondrial/metabolismo , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Metabolismo Energético/genética , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica/métodos , Glutationa Peroxidase/genética , Glutationa Peroxidase/metabolismo , Hiperóxia/complicações , Pulmão/metabolismo , Pulmão/patologia , Masculino , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Endogâmicos ICR , Camundongos Knockout , Mitocôndrias/genética , Mitocôndrias/metabolismo , NAD(P)H Desidrogenase (Quinona)/genética , NAD(P)H Desidrogenase (Quinona)/metabolismo , Fator 2 Relacionado a NF-E2/deficiência , Fator 2 Relacionado a NF-E2/genética , NF-kappa B/genética , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Análise de Sequência com Séries de Oligonucleotídeos , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , SulfóxidosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Acute respiratory failure is a leading cause of intensive care unit admission in patients with hematological malignancies; it carries a mortality rate exceeding 50%. Venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation use in patients with acute hematologic malignancies concurrently receiving induction chemotherapy is not well studied. CASE PRESENTATION: A 44-year-old male developed acute respiratory distress syndrome in the setting of newly diagnosed acute myelogenous leukemia. He underwent successful induction chemotherapy while on venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. His course was complicated by a devastating subarachnoid hemorrhage. Life support modalities were discontinued in accordance to the wishes of the family. CONCLUSION: There is a lack of data to guide use of induction chemotherapy in patients with acute hematologic malignancies requiring venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, particularly with regard to dosing, safety, and efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents. This case highlights a potential role of venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in select young acute myelogenous leukemia patients who might benefit from this intervention and warrants further research.
Assuntos
Oxigenação por Membrana Extracorpórea/métodos , Hemofiltração/métodos , Quimioterapia de Indução/métodos , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/terapia , Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório/terapia , Adulto , Evolução Fatal , Humanos , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva/tendências , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/complicações , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/diagnóstico por imagem , Masculino , Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório/complicações , Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The Early Management Bundle, Severe Sepsis/Septic Shock (SEP-1) quality measure is complex to abstract, which may lead to discrepancies between abstractors. This study was designed to evaluate inter-rater agreement between abstractors at individual hospitals in a health system and a lead abstractor on abstraction elements and measure compliance for SEP-1. METHODS: Patient cases qualifying for abstraction for SEP-1 over a four-month period in 2016 were initially abstracted at a local hospital and then centrally by a lead abstractor. Abstraction results were retrospectively compared to determine inter-rater agreement. RESULTS: A total of 580 SEP-1 cases were abstracted locally and centrally. Each site contributed a median (interquartile range) of 63 (49, 86) cases. There was complete concordance of measure-related elements in 391 cases (67%) (inter-rater agreement: κâ¯=â¯0.40, p < 0.01). The most common discrepancy (60 cases) was severe sepsis presentation time. There was a weak correlation between SEP-1 compliance adjudicated locally and centrally (r2â¯=â¯0.41, p < 0.01). The average change in monthly SEP-1 measure compliance at each site after central adjudication was a 1% increase but ranged from a 49% decrease to a 40% increase. CONCLUSIONS: Concordance on SEP-1 abstraction elements between local and expert adjudicators was fair, and SEP-1 performance varied considerably from initial site-reported performance. The detailed nature of SEP-1 can lead to unreliable abstraction, which may lead to inaccurate reporting of compliance with the measure and affect comparability of performance between hospitals. Abstraction by a dedicated team for SEP-1 can reduce variability and improve efficiency.
Assuntos
Codificação Clínica/normas , Variações Dependentes do Observador , Pacotes de Assistência ao Paciente/normas , Indicadores de Qualidade em Assistência à Saúde/normas , Sepse/terapia , Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, U.S. , Humanos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Choque Séptico/terapia , Estados UnidosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: It has been recognized that despite previous stability some patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) experience acute clinical deteriorations called acute exacerbations of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (AEX-IPF). We hypothesized that pulmonary infection can be excluded based on clinical and laboratory data and that bronchoscopy with BAL is not mandatory in the diagnostic work-up of suspected AEX-IPF. METHODS: In this retrospective study we identified patients with acute respiratory failure who were evaluated for AEX-IPF at the Cleveland Clinic between January 2002 and December 2011. Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed with predefined risk factors and final diagnosis of AEX-IPF and pulmonary infection. All tests were performed at a significance level of 0.05. RESULTS: A total of 77 patients met the study inclusion criteria. Of these patients 47 (61 %) were diagnosed with AEX-IPF. Bronchoscopy was more likely to be performed in patients who were on cytotoxic medications (p < 0.05). In most cases the diagnosis of AEX-IPF versus pulmonary infection was based on combination of other microbiological, clinical, radiologic data and clinical judgment. A total of 10 patients out of 14 (71 %) with a final diagnosis of pulmonary infection were on steroids on admission versus 21 out of 63 patients (33 %) with other final diagnosis (p = 0.024, OR 7.817, 95 % CI 1.31-46.64). CONCLUSIONS: Exclusion of infection in our IPF patient cohort was mostly based on factors other than diagnostic bronchoscopy with BAL. Based on our results we suggested an algorithm for management of IPF patients presenting with acute respiratory failure.
Assuntos
Lavagem Broncoalveolar/métodos , Fibrose Pulmonar Idiopática/diagnóstico , Doença Aguda , Adulto , Broncoscopia , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Historically, norepinephrine has been administered through a central venous catheter (CVC) because of concerns about the risk of ischemic tissue injury if extravasation from a peripheral IV catheter (PIVC) occurs. Recently, several reports have suggested that peripheral administration of norepinephrine may be safe. RESEARCH QUESTION: Can a protocol for peripheral norepinephrine administration safely reduce the number of days a CVC is in use and frequency of CVC placement? STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: This was a prospective observational cohort study conducted in the medical ICU at a quaternary care academic medical center. A protocol for peripheral norepinephrine administration was developed and implemented in the medical ICU at the study site. The protocol was recommended for use in patients who met prespecified criteria, but was used at the treating clinician's discretion. All adult patients admitted to the medical ICU receiving norepinephrine through a PIVC from February 2019 through June 2021 were included. RESULTS: The primary outcome was the number of days of CVC use that were avoided per patient, and the secondary safety outcomes included the incidence of extravasation events. Six hundred thirty-five patients received peripherally administered norepinephrine. The median number of CVC days avoided per patient was 1 (interquartile range, 0-2 days per patient). Of the 603 patients who received norepinephrine peripherally as the first norepinephrine exposure, 311 patients (51.6%) never required CVC insertion. Extravasation of norepinephrine occurred in 35 patients (75.8 events/1,000 d of PIVC infusion [95% CI, 52.8-105.4 events/1,000 d of PIVC infusion]). Most extravasations caused no or minimal tissue injury. No patient required surgical intervention. INTERPRETATION: This study suggests that implementing a protocol for peripheral administration of norepinephrine safely can avoid 1 CVC day in the average patient, with 51.6% of patients not requiring CVC insertion. No patient experienced significant ischemic tissue injury with the protocol used. These data support performance of a randomized, prospective, multicenter study to characterize the net benefits of peripheral norepinephrine administration compared with norepinephrine administration through a CVC.
Assuntos
Cateterismo Venoso Central , Cateteres Venosos Centrais , Adulto , Humanos , Norepinefrina , Estudos Prospectivos , Centros Médicos Acadêmicos , Cateterismo Venoso Central/efeitos adversosRESUMO
COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU have high incidence of AKI requiring prolonged renal replacement therapy and often necessitate the placement of a tunneled dialysis catheter (TDC). We describe our experience with two cases of COVID-19 patients who underwent successful bedside placement of TDC under ultrasound guidance using anatomical landmarks without fluoroscopy guidance. Tunneled dialysis catheter placement under direct fluoroscopy remains the standard of care; but in well selected patients, placement of tunneled dialysis catheter at the bedside using anatomic landmarks without fluoroscopy can be safely and successfully performed without compromising the quality of care and avoid transfer of COVID-19 infected patients outside the ICU.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , Cateterismo Venoso Central , Cateterismo Venoso Central/efeitos adversos , Cateteres de Demora , Humanos , Diálise Renal , SARS-CoV-2RESUMO
PURPOSE: To describe the use of a medical intensive care unit (MICU) delirium order set pilot and its associated impact on utilization of nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic interventions, pharmacologic continuation at transitions of care, and resolution of ICU delirium. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort analysis of MICU patients who received delirium management using an order set pilot compared to standard care. Patients 18 years of age or older admitted to the MICU between May 2019 and January 2020 who received an antipsychotic or valproic acid for the treatment of delirium were included. RESULTS: Pharmacologic treatment continuation past ICU discharge occurred in 30% of patients in the pilot cohort (n = 50) compared to 54% of patients receiving standard care (n = 50; P = 0.027). On treatment days 1 through 7, utilization of deliriogenic medications was significantly lower in the pilot cohort (78% vs 96%, P = 0.007). No differences were observed between the groups in delirium resolution, delirium recurrence, hospital and ICU length of stay, or mortality. CONCLUSION: A MICU order set prioritizing nonpharmacologic management and limiting the duration of pharmacologic agents for delirium may aid providers in the management of ICU delirium and reduce exposure to pharmacologic interventions.
Assuntos
Antipsicóticos , Delírio , Adolescente , Adulto , Antipsicóticos/uso terapêutico , Delírio/diagnóstico , Delírio/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , Alta do Paciente , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The direct comparison of twice daily (BID) and thrice daily (TID) dosing of subcutaneous low dose unfractionated heparin (LDUH) for venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis in a mixed inpatient population is not well-studied. OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the effectiveness and safety of BID compared to TID dosing of LDUH for prevention of VTE. METHODS: Retrospective, single-center analysis of patients who received LDUH for VTE prophylaxis between July and September 2015. Outcomes were identified by ICD-9 codes. A matched cohort was created using propensity scores and multivariate analysis was conducted to identify independent risk factors for VTE. The primary outcome was incidence of symptomatic VTE. RESULTS: In the full cohort, VTE occurred in 0.71% of patients who received LDUH BID compared to 0.77% of patients who received LDUH TID (p = 0.85). There was no difference in major (p = 0.85) and minor (p = 0.52) bleeding between the BID and TID groups. For the matched cohort, VTE occurred in 1.4% of BID patients and 2.1% of TID patients (p = 0.32). Major bleed occurred in 0.36% of BID patients and 0.52% of TID patients (p = 0.7), while a minor bleed was seen in 3.4% of BID patients and 2.1% of TID patients (p = 0.13). Personal history of VTE (p = 0.002) and weight (p = 0.035) were independently associated with increased risk of VTE. CONCLUSION: This study did not demonstrate a difference in effectiveness or safety between BID and TID dosing of LDUH for VTE prevention.
Assuntos
Heparina , Tromboembolia Venosa , Anticoagulantes , Hemorragia/induzido quimicamente , Humanos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Tromboembolia Venosa/epidemiologia , Tromboembolia Venosa/etiologia , Tromboembolia Venosa/prevenção & controleRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Vasopressin is reported to retain vasoconstrictive activity in the setting of acidemia, but preclinical models are inconsistent and studies have not evaluated the clinical effectiveness of vasopressin based on arterial pH. This study sought to determine the association between arterial pH and blood pressure after vasopressin initiation in septic shock. DESIGN: This retrospective, multicenter, observational cohort study evaluated the association of arterial pH at the time of vasopressin initiation with hemodynamic response to vasopressin and change in catecholamine dose after vasopressin initiation. Hemodynamic response was defined as a catecholamine dose decrease with mean arterial pressure greater than or equal to 65 mm Hg at 6 hours after vasopressin initiation. SETTING: Patients from eight hospitals in a health system were evaluated. PATIENTS: Patients with septic shock initiated on vasopressin as a catecholamine adjunct between January 2012 and November 2017 were screened for inclusion. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: A total of 1,350 patients were included. At the time of vasopressin initiation patients were severely ill with arterial pH 7.28 ± 0.13, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment 14.1 ± 3.5, lactate 5.6 ± 4.6 mmol/L, and norepinephrine-equivalent catecholamine dose 32.3 ± 25.4 µg/min. After adjusting for lactate and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment with multivariable logistic regression, lower arterial pH was independently associated with lower odds of hemodynamic response to vasopressin (for each 0.1 unit arterial pH was below 7.40, response odds ratio 0.79; 95% CI, 0.72-0.87). For each 0.1 unit the pH was below 7.40 at vasopressin initiation, the norepinephrine-equivalent catecholamine dose increased by 1.5 µg/min (95% CI, 0.5-2.5 µg/min) at 1 hour, and increased by 2.5 µg/min (95% CI, 1.4-3.5 µg/min) at 6 hours after vasopressin initiation. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with higher arterial pH, patients with septic shock and low arterial pH had lower odds of vasopressin response and higher catecholamine doses after vasopressin initiation. Similar to other vasopressors, the clinical effectiveness of vasopressin appears to be impaired in the setting of acidemia.
RESUMO
The home test kits for detecting SARS-CoV-2 infection with Food and Drug Administration emergency use authorization primarily use either isothermal nucleic acid amplification or antigen detection, and each test has advantages and limitations in terms of sensitivity and specificity, cost, results reporting, and results turnaround time. In clinical studies, these tests provide accurate positive results in symptomatic individuals, although negative results are less accurate. There are also accuracy concerns for positive results in asymptomatic individuals. These factors have implications for their clinical interpretation and use.
RESUMO
PURPOSE: To compare patient outcomes based on management of arginine vasopressin (AVP) during the recovery phase of septic shock (abrupt vs. tapering discontinuation). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Multicenter, retrospective cohort study of patients receiving AVP with concomitant norepinephrine for septic shock. Primary outcome measure was time to intensive care unit (ICU) discharge (from decision to titrate or stop AVP). Secondary outcomes included ICU and hospital mortality, and incidence of hypotension. RESULTS: A total of 958 (73%) abrupt discontinuation and 360 (27%) down-titration patients were included. Patient characteristics and septic shock treatment courses were similar between groups. Median time to ICU discharge was similar between abrupt discontinuation (7.9 days, 95% CI 7.2-8.7 days) and tapered patients (7.3 days, 95% CI 6.3-9.3 days, Pâ=â0.60). After controlling for baseline discrepancies, down-titration was not an independent predictor of time to ICU discharge (HRâ=â0.99, 95% CI: 0.85-1.15, Pâ=â0.91). There was no difference in ICU mortality (21.8% vs. 18.0%, Pâ=â0.13) or hospital mortality (28.9% vs. 31.1%, Pâ=â0.44). Although incidence of hypotension was similar (39.7% vs. 41.7%, Pâ=â0.53), patients in the down-titration group more frequently required an escalation of AVP dose (5.7% vs. 11.1%, Pâ<â0.001). Median AVP duration was shorter in the abrupt discontinuation group (1.4 days [IQR: 0.6-2.6 days] vs. 1.8 days [IQR: 1.1-3.2 days], Pâ<â0.001). CONCLUSIONS: A difference in time to ICU discharge was not detected between abrupt AVP discontinuation and down-titration in patients recovering from septic shock. In patients recovering from septic shock, abrupt discontinuation of AVP appears to be safe and may lead to shortened AVP duration.
Assuntos
Arginina Vasopressina/administração & dosagem , Choque Séptico/tratamento farmacológico , Idoso , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do Tratamento , Suspensão de TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: IV pushes of phenylephrine may be used for patients with septic shock with the intent of rapidly achieving mean arterial pressure (MAP) goals. However, the clinical effectiveness and safety of this approach are unclear. RESEARCH QUESTION: In patients with septic shock, is administration of a phenylephrine push before norepinephrine initiation associated with a higher incidence of hemodynamic stability? METHODS: This retrospective, multicenter cohort study included adult patients with septic shock initiated on norepinephrine. Propensity scores for initial phenylephrine push receipt were generated, and patients receiving an initial phenylephrine push were propensity score-matched 1:2 to those not receiving an initial phenylephrine push. The primary outcome was achievement of hemodynamic stability (defined as maintaining MAP of ≥ 65 mm Hg for at least 6 h without an increase in continuous infusion vasoactive agent dosage) within 3 and 12 h of norepinephrine initiation. RESULTS: Of 1,317 included patients, 181 received an initial phenylephrine push; 141 phenylephrine push patients were matched to 282 patients not receiving a phenylephrine push. More patients who received a phenylephrine push achieved hemodynamic stability at hour 3 than those who did not receive a phenylephrine push (28.4% vs 18.8%; risk difference, 10%; 95% CI, 0.9%-18%). Phenylephrine push receipt was associated independently with hemodynamic stability within 3 h (adjusted OR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.09-2.97), but not at 12 h (adjusted OR, 1.42; 95% CI, 0.93-2.16). Phenylephrine push receipt was associated independently with higher ICU mortality (adjusted OR, 1.88; 95% CI, 1.1-3.21). INTERPRETATION: Phenylephrine pushes were associated with a higher incidence of early, but not sustained, hemodynamic stability and were associated independently with higher ICU mortality. Caution is warranted when clinicians are considering the use of phenylephrine pushes in patients with septic shock.
Assuntos
Cardiotônicos/administração & dosagem , Norepinefrina/administração & dosagem , Fenilefrina/administração & dosagem , Choque Séptico/tratamento farmacológico , APACHE , Administração Intravenosa , Feminino , Humanos , Injeções Intravenosas , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Escores de Disfunção Orgânica , Pontuação de Propensão , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
The authors review the rationale behind and approaches to testing for COVID-19, the quality of currently available tests, the role of data analytics in strategizing testing, and using the electronic medical record and other programs designed to steward COVID-19 testing and follow-up of patients.
RESUMO
Hospital-to-hospital transportation of patients in the COVID-19 era presents unique challenges to ensuring the safety of both patients and health care providers. Crucial factors to address include having adequate supplies of protective equipment and ensuring their appropriate use, defining patient care procedures during transport, and decontamination post-transport. Transport vehicles need to have adequate physical space, an isolated driver compartment, NS HEPA filtration of air. Having a standardized intake process can help identify patients who would benefit from transport to another facility.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Initial fluid resuscitation volume for sepsis is controversial, particularly in patients at high baseline risk for complications. This study was designed to assess the association between 30 mL/kg crystalloids and intubation in patients with sepsis or septic shock and heart failure, end-stage renal disease, or cirrhosis. METHODS: This propensity score-matched retrospective cohort study included patients with sepsis or septic shock admitted to a large medical ICU. Primary exposure was IV fluid volume in the first 6 h following sepsis diagnosis, divided into two cohorts: ≥ 30 mL/kg (standard group) and < 30 mL/kg (restricted group). The primary outcome was need for mechanical ventilation within 72 h following initiation of fluid resuscitation. Secondary outcomes were length of stay, ventilator days, and time to intubation. RESULTS: A total of 208 patients were included, with 104 (50%) in the restricted group (< 30 mL/kg) and 104 in the standard group (≥ 30 mL/kg). No difference in intubation incidence was detected between the two groups, with 36 patients (35%) in the restricted group and 33 (32%) in the standard group (adjusted OR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.41-1.36; P = .34) intubated. There was no difference between standard and restricted groups in alive ICU-free days (17 ± 11 days vs 17 ± 10 days; P = .64), duration of mechanical ventilation (10 ± 12 days vs 11 ± 16 days; P = .96), or hours to intubation (16 ± 19 h vs 14 ± 15; P = .55). CONCLUSIONS: No differences were detected in the incidence of intubation in patients with sepsis and cirrhosis, end-stage renal disease, or heart failure who received guideline-recommended fluid resuscitation with 30 mL/kg compared with patients initially resuscitated with a lower fluid volume.