RESUMO
A stir membrane liquid phase microextraction procedure working under the three-phase mode is proposed for the first time for the determination of six anti-inflammatory drugs in human urine. The target compounds are isolated and preconcentrated using a special device that integrates the extractant and the stirring element. An alkaline aqueous solution is used as extractant phase while 1-octanol is selected as supported liquid membrane solvent. After the extraction, all the analytes are determined by liquid chromatography (LC) with ultraviolet detection (UV). The analytical method is optimized considering the main involved variables (e.g., pH of donor and acceptor phases, extraction time, stirring rate) and the results indicate that the determination of anti-inflammatory drugs at therapeutic and toxic levels is completely feasible. The limits of detection are in the range from 12.6 (indomethacin) to 30.7 µg/L (naproxen). The repeatability of the method, expressed as relative standard deviation (RSD, n = 5) varies between 3.4% (flurbiprofen) and 5.7% (ketoprofen), while the enrichment factors are in the range from 35.0 (naproxen) to 72.5 (indomethacin).
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/isolamento & purificação , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/urina , Cromatografia Líquida/métodos , Microextração em Fase Líquida/métodos , Flurbiprofeno/isolamento & purificação , Flurbiprofeno/urina , Humanos , Indometacina/isolamento & purificação , Indometacina/urina , Cetoprofeno/isolamento & purificação , Cetoprofeno/urina , Limite de Detecção , Naproxeno/isolamento & purificação , Naproxeno/urinaRESUMO
A description is presented on the management of a patient with an oesophageal neoplasm scheduled for oesophagectomy. Alloantibodies were detected during a blood components reservation procedure, which made it almost impossible to obtain compatible blood. Peri-operative anaemia management or "Patient Blood Management" should be routinely performed in all patients at transfusion risk. This strategy has been considered as one of the actions to bear in mind in fast-track surgery or enhanced recovery after surgery.