Endophytic fungus from Gynura japonica: phytochemical screening, biological activities, and characterisation of its bioactive compound.

The research aims to identify the chemical constituents of endophytic fungi associated with Gynura japonica and their biological activities. Two endophytic fungi, labelled as GS-1 and GS-2, have been isolated from the leaves of G. japonica. They were cultivated on white rice media for their optimum cultivation time. Cultivated fungi were extracted with ethyl acetate and concentrated to give a crude extract. All crude extracts were evaluated for their phytochemical screening and assayed for their antibacterial and antioxidant activities. Based on the results, fungal GS-1 was the most potential fungus to produce bioactive secondary metabolites and identified as Dimorphiseta acuta. A bioactive compound was isolated from crude extract of fungal D. acuta and identified as emodin. To the best of our knowledge, the study of secondary metabolite and its biological activity of endophytic fungus colonised with the leaves of G. japonica is reported here for the first time.

Secondary metabolites from Colletotrichum gloeosporioides isolated from Artocarpus heterophyllus and evaluation of their cytotoxic and antibacterial activities.

A new lactone, collectindolide (1), as well as three known compounds, (S)-sydonic acid (2), (S)-hidroxysydonic acid (3), and indole-3-aceticacid (4) were obtained from the liquid media of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, which was obtained from Artocarpus heterophyllus. The chemical structures of 1-4 were established by spectroscopic analyses, including NMR experiments and by HR-ESI-TOF-MS mass spectroscopy. Compounds 1-4 were evaluated for their cytotoxicity against murine leukaemia P-388 cell lines by MTT assay. Antibacterial activity of compounds 1-4 was also assayed against four bacteria. Phytochemical investigation of the genus Colletotrichum derived from the plant genus Artocarpus is reported for the first time.

Secondary metabolites from Diaporthe lithocarpus isolated from Artocarpus heterophyllus.

Fractionation and purification of the ethyl acetate extract of Diaporthe lithocarpus, an endophytic fungus from the leaves of Artocarpus heterophyllus, yielded one new compound, diaporthindoic acid (1), along with seven known compounds (2-8). The new compound was characterized and established by the basis of extensive spectroscopic methods including NMR (1D and 2D) and HRMS. Compound 6 showed the best citotoxicity against murine leukemia P-388 cells with an IC50 value of 0.41 µg/mL. All compounds (1-8) were also tested for their antimicrobial activities. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first chemical evaluation of fungal Diaporthe derived from Artocarpus.

Sesquiterpenes produced by Pestalotiopsis microspora HF 12440 isolated from Artocarpus heterophyllus.

A drimane-type sesquiterpene, (+)-dendocarbin L (1) together with two bisabolane-type sesquiterpenes, (+)-sydonic acid (2) and (+)-sydowic acid (3) were isolated from the mycelium of Pestalotiopsis microspora HF 12440, an endophytic fungus from the stem of Artocarpus heterophyllus. The structures of all compounds were elucidated using spectroscopic methods and by comparison with the literature. Compound 1 was isolated from the fungi for the first time, compounds 2 and 3 were firstly obtained from this endophytic fungus. Compound 3 showed cytotoxicity (IC50 2.56 µg/mL) against murine leukemia P-388 cells.