Development and characterization of 19 polymorphic microsatellite loci from the Red-cowled Cardinal (Paroaria dominicana, Passeriformes, Aves) using next-generation sequencing.

The Red-cowled Cardinal (Paroaria dominicana) is an endemic passerine of the Caatinga biome in Brazil, and is one of the most traded passerines in the country. Illegal trade can have serious impacts on wild populations, such as reduced population sizes, the introduction of the species to areas outside their historical range or mixing individuals from different populations. Microsatellites constitute an important tool for population genetics and forensics studies, and hold great potential to help authorities manage illegal trafficking and inspect commercial breeders. We developed new microsatellite loci using massive parallel sequencing and characterized them in 23 seized Red-cowled Cardinals with unknown geographic origin. The DNA sequencing generated 2,068,684 paired-reads of which we identified 10,322 tri- to hexanucleotide loci. We selected 30 loci for amplification and polymorphism tests, of which 21 successfully amplified and 19 were polymorphic. The number of alleles ranged from 7 to 18 and the mean expected heterozygosity was 0.863. Six loci deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium probably due to null alleles and/or the Wahlund effect. Polymorphic loci in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium showed low identity probability and high paternity exclusion probability. Our results indicate that this new set of microsatellite loci constitutes an important tool for both population genetic and forensic studies, with ultimate potential for assisting authorities in managing animal victims of illegal trafficking and the inspection of commercial breeders of the Red-cowled Cardinal.

Management of accidental swallowing in implant dentistry.

This report describes a protocol for managing the accidental swallowing of dental instruments in implant dentistry, illustrated by a patient who accidentally swallowed a hexagonal wrench. The first step was to refer the patient to the medical emergency hospital service for radiographic and clinical evaluation. The hexagonal wrench was located in the stomach and was immediately removed with an endoscopic procedure. The gastric mucosa was sampled via biopsy and the sample submitted to the urease test, which was positive for Helicobacter pylori. Triple treatment was instituted for gastritis caused by H pylori to avoid exposing the patient to unnecessary risk. Removal of a foreign body by means of an endoscopic procedure constitutes a safe and effective treatment.

Correlação entre estresse oxidativo na saliva e no sangue e a intensidade dos sintomas vasomotores em mulheres brasileiras na peri e pós-menopausa / Correlation between oxidative stress in saliva and blood and the intensity of vasomotor symptoms in Brazilian women in peri and post menopause

No envelhecimento reprodutivo feminino ocorre diminuição gradativa dos hormônios ovarianos, culminando na menopausa, que é antecedida pela perimenopausa. Na perimenopausa há variabilidade do sistema neuroendócrino, com alterações no ciclo menstrual e sintomas vasomotores (SVM), caracterizados por fogachos, sudorese e palpitações, considerados as alterações mais expressivas desse período e que podem persistir na pós-menopausa, impactando negativamente na qualidade de vida. A intensidade dos SVM parece estar correlacionada ao aumento do estresse oxidativo (EO) sistêmico, que por sua vez, é associado às reduções do estrógeno e ao maior risco de doenças cardiovasculares. Porém, pouco se sabe sobre SVM e estresse oxidativo na saliva, um fluido biológico obtido de forma não invasiva que vem sendo utilizado no diagnóstico e acompanhamento de patologias e condições sistêmicas. Este trabalho teve por objetivo investigar os marcadores do estresse oxidativo no sangue e na saliva de mulheres brasileiras em diferentes fases do envelhecimento reprodutivo e avaliar a existência de correlação entre a intensidade dos SVM e marcadores do EO nesses materiais biológicos na peri e pós-menopausa. A hipótese é que existe correlação entre os marcadores do EO no sangue e na saliva com a intensidade dos SVM. Para tanto, amostras de sangue e saliva total não estimulada de 100 mulheres, com idade entre 22 e 67 anos, não fumantes, que não realizavam terapia hormonal, não apresentavam doenças sistêmicas e com boa condição de saúde bucal, foram alocadas nos seguintes grupos: REPR (idade reprodutiva, n = 25); PERI (perimenopausa, n = 29) e POS (pós-menopausa, n = 46). Exame ultrassonográfico e concentrações sanguíneas de hormônio folículo estimulante e estradiol foram utilizados para a distribuição nos grupos. Danos oxidativos aos lipídios e às proteínas foram avaliados no sangue e no hemolisado, pelas determinações de substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico e carbonilação das proteínas. A capacidade antioxidante total e os antioxidantes não enzimáticos, ácido úrico e glutationa, foram estimados no plasma e na saliva. A atividade da enzima antioxidante superóxido dismutase foi quantificada no hemolisado e na saliva. A intensidade dos SVM foi verificada por meio do questionário "Menopause Rate Score" (MRS), traduzido para a língua portuguesa. Dados (média ± erro padrão) foram submetidos ao teste de Tukey, e a correlação estimada pelo coeficiente de Spearman, com significância em 5%. Não foi constatada correlação significativa entre os marcadores do EO avaliados, no sangue e na saliva, e a intensidade dos SVM de mulheres brasileiras na peri e pós-menopausa(AU)

In female reproductive aging there is a gradual decrease in ovarian hormones, culminating in menopause, which is preceded by perimenopause. In perimenopause there is instability of the neuroendocrine system, with changes in the menstrual cycle and vasomotor symptoms (SVM), such as hot flushes, sweating and palpitations, which are considered the most significant changes of this period and can persist in the post-menopause, negatively impacting the quality of life. The intensity of SVM seems to be correlated with the increase of the systemic oxidative stress, which is in turn associated with reductions in the estrogen, and with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. However, little is known about SVM and oxidative stress in the saliva, a biological fluid obtained in a non-invasive way that has been used in the diagnosis and monitoring of pathologies and systemic conditions. Given the above, this study evaluated the existence of a correlation between oxidative stress and the intensity of SVM in the blood and saliva of Brazilian women in the peri and post-menopause. For this purpose, blood samples and total non-stimulated saliva samples from 100 women aged 22 to 67 years, nonsmokers, who did not undergo hormone therapy, did not have systemic diseases and were in good oral health were allocated to the following groups: REPR (age reproductive, n = 25); PERI (perimenopause, n = 29) and POS (post-menopause, n= 46). Ultrasound examination and blood concentrations of follicle stimulating hormone and estradiol were used to compose the groups. Oxidative damage to lipids and proteins was evaluated in blood and hemolysate, by the determination of substances reactive to thiobarbituric acid and protein carbonylation. The total antioxidant capacity and non-enzymatic antioxidants uric acid and glutathione were estimated in plasma and saliva. The activity of the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase was quantified in hemolysate and saliva. The intensity of the SVM was verified using the "Menopause ate Score" (MRS) questionnaire, translated into Portuguese. Data (mean ±standard error) were submitted to the Tukey test, and the correlation investigated by Spearman, with a significance level of 5%. There was no significant correlation between the markers evaluated, in blood and saliva, and the intensity of the SVM of Brazilian women in the peri and post-menopause(AU)