Comparative analysis of biometrical and reproductive indices, proximate composition, and hemato-biochemical variables of cuchia eel Monopterus cuchia (Hamilton, 1822) from six different localities of Bangladesh.

Cuchia eel (Monopterus cuchia) is among the most sought-after freshwater fish, owing to its exceptional nutritional profile and high consumer demand. The current research aimed to establish baseline data by comparing the proximate composition, hematological, and plasma biochemical indices of Cuchia eel populations across six different geographical locations in Bangladesh: Bogra, Haluaghat, Jamalpur, Moktagacha, Sylhet, and Tangail. By examining these parameters, we aim to gain valuable insights into the nutritional benefits, physiological responses, and potential adaptations of this species to varying environments. The statistical analysis revealed no significant (P > 0.05) variances in the whole-body proximate composition of the fish captured from distinct areas. However, it was observed that different geographical regions had remarkable impacts on the variations of the majority of the hematological parameters, except for some cases. Additionally, there was a notable (P < 0.05) increase or decrease in most of the serum biochemical contents in certain localities as compared to others in this study. Light microscopic examination of Cuchia eel blood smears exhibited lower numbers but larger sizes of RBCs. The findings of this study lead to the conclusion that different localities had significant impacts on the hematology and blood biochemical indices of Cuchia eel, even though the whole-body proximate composition showed no significant variations. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of the physiological aspects of Cuchia eel.

Toxic effects of chlorpyrifos on the growth, hematology, and different organs histopathology of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus.

Chlorpyrifos is a widely applied insecticide that permeates on most waterways and affects aquatic organisms. The growth performances, hematological and histological impacts on Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus following a 60 day of exposure to varying concentrations of chlorpyrifos 20 EC (T1 08 µgL-1, T2 16 µgL-1, and T3 32 µgL-1) were compared to a control Tc 0 µgL-1. The 96-hour LC50 of chlorpyrifos 20 EC was calculated as 46.80 µgL-1. The water quality parameters were recorded regularly. The value of dissolved O2 and NH3 stayed rather steady, although temperature varied considerably. It was revealed that as chlorpyrifos levels go up, the percentage of weight gain (WG %), specific growth rates (SGR), and survival rate decreases. The control group Tc had the highest percentages of SGR weight (1.16 ± 0.58) and the T3 group had the lowest percentages of SGR weight (0.25 ± 0.77). The hematological assessment showed significant differences of hemoglobin concentration, white blood cell counts and red blood cell numbers between chlorpyrifos treatment and control group (P < 0.05). Histological alterations in the liver, gills, and muscle tissues reported to be worse for T3 as compared to others. There were no statistical differences in GSI, HSI values between control and treatment groups. The chlorpyrifos 20 EC was shown to be highly toxic to O. niloticus at sub-lethal dosages.

Mandibular implant-retained complete overdenture using retentive abutments: a case report.

UNLABELLED: An implant-retained complete lower denture is considered by many as the gold standard in the oral rehabilitation of the edentulous mandible. Its relative simplicity, minimal invasiveness, predictability, efficacy and affordability make it an attractive treatment option. The commonly used methods for anchoring overdentures to implants utilize bars, studs and magnets. There is little evidence, however, to suggest that any one method is significantly superior to another. This paper reviews treatment options available to restore the edentulous mandible and also reports on a patient treated using the Locator system, which is a relatively new type of stud attachment. This case report describes a chairside technique using the Locator system to retain a complete lower denture. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The Locator system provides the dental practitioner with a useful attachment option for patients requiring an implant-retained overdenture.

Principles of crown lengthening surgery.

UNLABELLED: Crown lengthening is an invaluable tool for the restorative dentist in the management of short clinical crown heights. This procedure, as an adjunct to a holistic restorative treatment plan, can produce predictable results, whilst ensuring good aesthetics and maintaining periodontal health. Crown lengthening procedures are invaluable where toothwear or lack of supragingival tooth substance would render full coverage restoration difficult. Gaining access to subgingival caries for strategic abutments can also be achieved in this way. In certain instances, excessive gingival show or inharmonious gingival margin levels can be aesthetically managed with crown lengthening procedures. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Knowledge of crown lengthening techniques, and where these might be prescribed, may be a useful addition to practitioners' treatment planning options, or to decide when referral may be more appropriate.

A guide to the appraisal of research: 2. What's in a number?

UNLABELLED: This review explores the nature of numbers in dental research, their importance and, at a basic level, how these are handled. This includes the important numbers that practitioners should look at when appraising research and discussion of some commonly found statistical terms. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: In order to apply evidence-based dentistry in clinical practice, dentists should have an understanding of the basic numbers reported in dental research, and an appreciation of this should allow them to identify which papers are most valuable to inform their clinical practice.

A guide to the appraisal of research: 1. The nature of research.

UNLABELLED: Evidence-based dentistry has grown in recent years. The oceans of journals and research papers can be difficult to navigate. Gauging the quality of such publications and, more importantly, their clinical relevance may be challenging.This narrative review explores the nature and relevance of dental research to clinical dentistry and provides simple guidelines for critical appraisal of such research. In this respect, all dental clinical practice should be underpinned, where possible, with evidence that treatments carried out are contemporary and effective. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: A working knowledge of dental research and its relevance to clinical practice should allow practitioners to select best evidence to inform their clinical practice.

Mucogingival grafting procedures--an update.

UNLABELLED: Gingival recession is the exposure of the root surface due to the apical migration of the gingival margin. It is a common feature in the general population and can often lead the patient to seek treatment. Mucogingival therapy may be required to prevent further recession, correct aesthetic problems, aid plaque control and reduce dentine hypersensitivity. There are several different mucogingival treatment approaches which usually involve the manipulation of the patient's tissues to augment the gingivae and cover the exposed root. This article reviews the management procedures that are indicated for the treatment of gingival recession. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: To make the dental practitioner aware of the different surgical modalities available for the treatment of gingival recession and improve his/her ability to identify patients who might benefit from them.

Contemporary periodontal surgery: 1. Surgical principles.

UNLABELLED: Periodontal surgery comprises surgical intervention of the supporting tissues of the teeth. This ranges in complexity from simple exodontia to technically demanding periodontal plastic surgery and includes the management of periodontal diseases, implant placement and preparatory treatment for fixed and removable prostheses. Modern surgical management reflects both a move towards evidence-based practice and the introduction of improved techniques and armamentarium. General principles of surgical management hold true regardless of what procedure is being carried out. These principles form a sound basis for any practitioner contemplating surgical interventions for their patients. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: A sound understanding of first principles will simplify periodontal surgical management. Careful surgical preparation will render surgical procedures more predictable and reduce post-operative discomfort.

Contemporary periodontal surgery: 2. Surgical practice.

UNLABELLED: Contemporary surgical techniques emphasize gentle tissue handling with a minimum of trauma. This in turn provides a predictable operative environment and promotes healing. A modern surgical armamentarium may be very different from that encountered a decade ago. This is clear from the greater availability of dental microsurgical instruments. Whilst the complexity of microsurgery may not be routinely necessary in general dental practice, many of the principles and equipment used may make standard surgical management easier and more predictable. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: A greater understanding of the evidence base behind periodontal surgery will allow us to improve flap design, closure and operative management. Also, the use of microsurgical techniques and equipment will improve the quality and outcomes of periodontal surgery in practice.

Quality of written reports provided by consultants in restorative dentistry to referring general dental practitioners in the west midlands.

OBJECTIVES: The primary objective of this study was to assess the views of general dental practitioners (GDPs) on the content, style, and readability of written reports provided by restorative consultants at a dental hospital in response to referral letters from the GDPs. The secondary objective was to determine the style of the written consultant report preferred by GDPs. SETTING: Referral letters received and replied to by four consultants in the restorative department at Birmingham Dental Hospital. METHOD: The quality of written reports sent by the four consultants to 100 referring GDPs in the West Midlands area was evaluated using a postal questionnaire, which assessed 100 GDPs' satisfaction with the content, style, and readability of the reports. To assess which format they favoured a second questionnaire was subsequently sent to the same GDPs with three versions of the original report in: (a) a standard format, (b) a summary format, and (c) a bullet point format. RESULTS: The results of the initial questionnaire revealed that 79 (96%) of practitioners were satisfied with the existing style of the reports. Following a second questionnaire in which GDPs were asked to choose which format they preferred, 61 (81%) expressed a preference for a bullet point or summary style report. CONCLUSION: The GDPs who responded to the questionnaires felt that a bullet point format or summary style report from the consultants concerned would summarise cases more clearly and concisely than the conventional standard format letters which they had previously received. Opportunities may exist for improving the quality of consultant reply letters through the use of structured templates and/or a summary or bullet point format.

Reviewing the concept of Dahl.

Toothwear may have a multifactorial aetiology but is often localized to the upper anterior teeth. This is normally accompanied by a loss of interocclusal space. This paper aims to outline the management of localized anterior toothwear. It discusses several options available to create space for anterior restoration, with particular reference to the use of the 'Dahl' technique. Dahl described a non-invasive technique to create increased interocclusal space. The increased space eliminates the need for further occlusal reduction during crown preparation which is ideal in the worn dentition. This paper illustrates and describes the clinical applications of Dahl's original technique.