RESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To describe the clinical features of patients admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) with acute lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) attributable to influenza A pH1N1 virus and compare them with those admitted with LRTI due to other viral pathogens. DESIGN: Retrospective, observational, comparative study. SETTING: PICU in a university-affiliated, tertiary-care, pediatric hospital. PATIENTS: Patients aged >1 month with acute viral LRTI admitted to the PICU who met the following criteria: 1) influenza A pH1N1 virus infection detected between June 1, 2009 and July 16, 2009; and 2) patients with LRTI due to other viral pathogens infection detected in the same period of the year 2008 plus patients with 2009 influenza A non-pH1N1 infection. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: We evaluated age, weight, gender, length of hospital stay before PICU admission, length of PICU stay, underlying disease, clinical diagnosis, severity, complications, treatment, risk of death, mortality, and cause of death. We identified 30 patients with acute LRTI due to influenza A pH1N1 virus (group 1) and 62 patients with LRTI due to other viral pathogens (group 2). Relevant characteristics in group 1: 59% of patients were aged >2 yrs. Median length of PICU stay was 15 days. An underlying condition was present in 83% of the patients. None of them had bronchiolitis on PICU admission; 12 (40%) had bilateral pneumonia; 15 (50%) had acute respiratory distress syndrome; and nine (30%) had shock. Twenty-nine patients required mechanical ventilation (96.6%); only one required extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; and 19 (63%) had respiratory complications. Six (20%) children died. When both groups were compared, patients with influenza A pH1N1 infection were older; pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and shock were more frequently seen at the time of PICU admission, although length of stay and mortality were similar. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with influenza A pH1N1 respiratory virus infection presented with more severe illness. Outcomes were similar in both groups.
Assuntos
Hospitalização , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H1N1 , Influenza Humana/fisiopatologia , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Pediátrica , Sistema Respiratório/virologia , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Hospitais Pediátricos , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Influenza Humana/virologia , Masculino , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the detection of hepatitis A virus ribonucleic acid in patients with acute liver failure and to assess if the results have any clinical implications for the evolution of acute liver failure in children. Hepatitis A infection, a vaccine-preventable disease, is an important cause of acute liver failure in children in Argentina. Universal vaccination in 1-yr-old children was implemented in June 2005. DESIGN: Observational study in which patients were divided into Group 1 consisting of positive hepatitis A virus ribonucleic acid and Group 2 consisting of negative hepatitis A virus ribonucleic acid. SETTING: Pediatric intensive care unit in National Pediatric Hospital "Dr. J. P. Garrahan," Buenos Aires, Argentina. PATIENTS: Thirty-three patients with the diagnosis of acute liver failure secondary to hepatitis A virus infection and admitted to the Garrahan Pediatric Hospital between September 2003 and September 2005 were enrolled in the study. Twenty of these children were admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Samples for total ribonucleic acid detection and genotyping were obtained from serum and/or stools on admission. We found positive hepatitis A virus ribonucleic acid in 13 patients and negative hepatitis A virus ribonucleic acid in 20 patients. The following clinical variables were evaluated: time of evolution, hospital stay, admission to the pediatric intensive care unit, pediatric intensive care unit stay, time on mechanical ventilation, criteria for orthotopic liver transplantation, and mortality. Characterization of the isolates did not reveal differences related to genotype; all cases were IA. No statistical significance was found as to the variables. However, positive hepatitis A virus ribonucleic acid showed lower percentages of pediatric intensive care unit admissions, criteria for orthotopic liver transplantation, number of orthotopic liver transplantation, and mortality than the group of patients with negative hepatitis A virus ribonucleic acid. CONCLUSIONS: Hepatitis A virus genotyping studies did not show any particularities, all cases were IA and, thus, apparent associations between genotype and the clinical presentation of acute liver failure could not be found.
Assuntos
Genótipo , Vírus da Hepatite A/genética , Vírus da Hepatite A/isolamento & purificação , Hepatite A/diagnóstico , Falência Hepática Aguda/etiologia , RNA/sangue , Adolescente , Argentina/epidemiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Fezes/virologia , Feminino , Hepatite A/epidemiologia , Humanos , Lactente , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Pediátrica , Falência Hepática Aguda/virologia , Masculino , ObservaçãoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Hepatitis A infection, a vaccine-preventable disease, is an important cause of fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) in children in Argentina. Universal vaccination in 1-year-old children was implemented in June 2005. The limited studies about the correlation between the characteristics of the hepatitis A virus (HAV) and FHF have been carried out in adults. METHODS: Samples from 41 children with FHF were studied from September 2003 to January 2006 and HAV RNA was detected, sequenced and analysed in the 5' non-coding region and VP1/2A region. RESULTS: Eighteen HAV strains were characterized and found to be different at the nucleotide level from the self-limited acute infection strains that have been circulating in Argentina with no temporal or geographical pattern. They did not form a genetic cluster, but some of them were identical in the largest fragment characterized and some of them seemed to be more closely related in time and/or geographically. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that viral factors could be involved in the severity of the clinical presentation of HAV infection in children in Argentina.
Assuntos
Vírus da Hepatite A Humana/genética , Hepatite A/complicações , Falência Hepática Aguda/etiologia , Filogenia , Adolescente , Argentina , Sequência de Bases , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Fezes/virologia , Hepatite A/genética , Humanos , Lactente , Falência Hepática Aguda/virologia , Dados de Sequência Molecular , RNA/genética , Análise de Sequência de RNARESUMO
Strains of hepatitis E virus (HEV) isolated from Argentinian patients with sporadic hepatitis, as well as from swine from Argentina, belong to genotype 3. HEV genotype 3 variants have been described associated with acute liver failure (ALF) in adults from Japan and the United Kingdom. In Argentina, 30% of ALF in adults and children are of unknown aetiology. To study if HEV could be an aetiological agent associated with ALF in children, serum and/or fecal samples fJom 35 children (mean age: 6 years, 20 female, 15 male) were analyzed during 2003 and 2004. HEV RNA was detected by RT-nested PCR with primers designed within ORF 1 and ORF 2 regions. HEV RNA could be detected in three cases. Two were 12-year-old boys fom Buenos Aires province and the third was a 3-year-old girl from Corrientes province. Sequence analysis indicates that the three isolates are distinct from each other but all belong to genotype 3, exhibiting a close relationship with swine and human strains fJom sporadic cases of HEV, previously reported in Argentina. This data suggests a potential link between ALF and HEVin children in Argentina and indicates the need for the determination of HEV status in the differential diagnosis in ALE Further studies would aid in determining the true impact of this infection in Argentina and the potential benefits of a vaccine against HEV presently in phase III trials.
Assuntos
Vírus da Hepatite E/genética , Hepatite E/genética , Falência Hepática Aguda/virologia , Adolescente , Animais , Argentina , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Primers do DNA/genética , Fezes/virologia , Feminino , Genótipo , Hepatite E/diagnóstico , Vírus da Hepatite E/isolamento & purificação , Humanos , Lactente , Falência Hepática Aguda/diagnóstico , Falência Hepática Aguda/genética , Masculino , Filogenia , RNA Viral/sangue , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , SuínosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To describe the main liver support devices used for fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) and to review data on the Molecular Adsorbents Recycling System (MARS) and assess its efficiency in children. DATA SOURCE: Studies were identified through selected readings and a MEDLINE search from 1975 and 2004 using fulminant hepatic failure, acute liver failure, primary graft dysfunction, liver support, MARS, and extracorporeal liver assist device as key words. STUDY SELECTION: All original studies, including case reports, relating to the use of the MARS or albumin dialysis system were included. Additional attention was put on prognosis criteria of FHF severity in children. DATA EXTRACTION: Study design, numbers and diagnoses of patients, definite or bridging treatment, outcome measures, and complications were extracted and compiled. Results of individual trials were combined on the risk ratio scale. DATA SYNTHESIS: Nine randomized trials including 354 patients were identified. However, liver support failed to significantly affect mortality when compared with standard medical therapy. Albumin dialysis, and particularly MARS, emerges as an easily applicable technique for temporary liver support. Some well-designed studies have characterized its efficiency in a few indications, such as in intractable pruritus in chronic liver disease, in acute or chronic liver diseases, and in decompensated cirrhosis with hepatorenal syndrome. In adults and children with FHF, anecdotal reports suggest that MARS may stabilize the patient. However, no randomized controlled study has validated its use in this indication. A randomized controlled study is ongoing in adults with FHF. Such a trial seems to be unfeasible in children for several methodologic reasons. CONCLUSIONS: Although promising preliminary results suggest that MARS may have a significant position in the therapeutic arsenal for FHF, no sufficient data exist to justify its use in children. For as long as the results of the ongoing adult trial are not available, the indications of this expensive technique in children with FHF are limited.
Assuntos
Falência Hepática Aguda/terapia , Fígado Artificial , Desintoxicação por Sorção/instrumentação , Adulto , Criança , Soluções para Diálise/farmacocinética , Desenho de Equipamento , Humanos , Albumina Sérica/farmacocinética , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Orthotopic liver transplantation is the only definitive mode of therapy for children with end-stage liver disease. However, it remains challenging because of the necessity to prevent long-term complications. The aim of this study was to analyze the evolution of transplanted patients with more than one year of follow up. Between November 1992 and November 2001, 238 patients underwent 264 liver transplantations. A total of 143 patients with more than one year of follow up were included. The median age of patients +/- SD was 5.41 years +/- 5.26 (r: 0.58-21.7 years). All children received primary immunosuppression with cyclosporine. The indications for liver replacement were: fulminant hepatic failure (n: 50), biliary atresia (n: 38), cirrhosis (n: 37), chronic cholestasis (n: 13) and miscellaneous (n: 5). The indications for liver re-transplantation were: biliary cirrhosis (n: 7), hepatic artery thrombosis (n: 4) and chronic rejection (n: 3). Reduced-size liver allografts were used in 73/157 liver transplants, 14 of them were from living-related donors and 11 were split-livers. Patient and graft survival rates were 93% and 86% respectively. Death risk was statistically higher in retransplanted and reduced-size grafted patients. Growth retardation and low bone density were recovered before the first 3 years post-transplant. The incidence of lymphoproliferative disease was 7.69%. De novo hepatitis B was diagnosed in 7 patients (4.8%). Social risk did not affect the outcome of our population. The prevention, detection and early treatment of complications in the long-term follow up contributed to improve the outcome.
Assuntos
Transplante de Fígado , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Argentina/epidemiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Métodos Epidemiológicos , Feminino , Rejeição de Enxerto/etiologia , Sobrevivência de Enxerto , Humanos , Terapia de Imunossupressão , Transplante de Fígado/mortalidade , Masculino , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/mortalidade , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/fisiopatologia , Reoperação , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To determine risk factors of mortality in the preoperative, perioperative, and immediate postoperative period of a pediatric population that has undergone orthotopic liver transplantation for fulminant hepatic failure in a pediatric intensive care unit. DESIGN: Retrospective review of medical records. SETTING: A pediatric intensive care unit in a children's hospital. PATIENTS: Sixty patients with fulminant hepatic failure who fulfilled King's College criteria for liver transplantation. INTERVENTION: Orthotopic liver transplantation was performed according to standard techniques. Before transplantation, patients were admitted to a pediatric intensive care unit when intensive care was required, and patients were always admitted to a pediatric intensive care unit after the operation. Measurements: A total of 20 variables were studied via univariate and multivariate analysis; statistical significance was accepted when p =.05. MAIN RESULTS: A total of 70 orthotopic liver transplantations were performed in 60 children (mean age, 64.11 +/- 40.97 months; range, 11 months to 14 yrs) for fulminant hepatic failure. Fulminant hepatic failure was caused by hepatitis A virus in 60% of cases, and non-A non-B non-C hepatitis was responsible in 40% of cases. Univariate analysis showed that the complications of infectious, hemodynamic, renal, and gastrointestinal bleeding are significant variables. Posttransplant respiratory support was also a significant variable. When the same variables were calculated with a multivariate analysis, no significant results were obtained. Multivariate analysis showed that mortality risk factors in this population were: etiology of liver failure (p <.002), liver size (p <.014), ischemia time (p <.041), ventilatory support before transplantation (p <.048), neurologic complications after orthotopic liver transplantation (p <.003), and acute rejection (p <.021). CONCLUSIONS: Hepatitis A virus is the major cause of fulminant liver failure in Argentina, but non-A non-B non-C hepatitis is an independent risk factor of mortality. Reduced-size graft, longer ischemia time, ventilatory support before orthotopic liver transplantation, neurologic complications, and acute rejection after transplantation are independent predictive factors of mortality. Better sanitary conditions and universal immunization for hepatitis A virus should reduce hepatitis A virus and hepatitis A virus-induced fulminant hepatic failure.
RESUMO
Postpneumonectomy syndrome is a rare entity in children. We report a case secondary to pneumonectomy performed due to an intrathoracic tumor. A 4-year-old boy with a history of right pneumonectomy and progressive respiratory distress, with extrinsic airway obstruction due to displaced mediastinal structures. There were failure to intubate the airway with endoluminal devices and impossibility of withdrawing from mechanical ventilation. As mediastinal repositioning was not possible, an aortic bypass with a prosthetic tube graft was performed, with favorable outcome and hospital discharge.
Assuntos
Hérnia/etiologia , Pneumopatias/etiologia , Doenças do Mediastino/etiologia , Pneumonectomia/efeitos adversos , Pré-Escolar , Humanos , Masculino , SíndromeRESUMO
Introduction. High frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) is a rescue therapy for hypoxemic patients who deteriorate in conventional mechanical ventilation and/or for the air-leak syndrome treatment. A recent meta analysis showed that HFOV might have reduced mortality in pediatric and adult patients compared with conventional ventilation. In this context it's important to evaluate the effectiveness of this method in everyday use. Objectives. Main: To analize the effectiveness of HFOV in everyday practice in a center without extra corporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) capabilities. Secondary: To describe demographics and causes of severe respiratory failure of patients requiring HFOV. To assess the relationship between potential predictors and the occurrence of mortality. Population and methods. Retrospective study analyzing medical records of all patients that required HFOV in a tertiary care pediatric hospital pediatric intensive care units between march 1st 2008 and july 1st 2010. Results. Sixty-nine patients received 76 HFOV treatments. Eighty percent were diagnosed with acute lower respiratory infection or sepsis and 62.3% (n= 43) had preexisting chronic co-morbidities. The majority of HFOV treatments were because refractory hypoxemia (93.4%). Non survivors patients had worse clinical status at PICU admission, higher multiorgan failure, worse oxygenation and pulmonary condition. Conclusions. Everyday use of HFOV in a population with high incidence of chronic, oncologic and/or immunocompromised patients was associated with a survival of 33.4%. More prognostic studies are needed for a more effective selection of HFOV candidates.
Assuntos
Ventilação de Alta Frequência , Insuficiência Respiratória/terapia , Doença Aguda , Pré-Escolar , Humanos , Lactente , Estudos Retrospectivos , Centros de Atenção TerciáriaRESUMO
Introducción. La ventilación de alta frecuencia oscilatoria (VAFO) es un recurso terapéutico ante la hipoxemia refractaria a la asistencia respiratoria mecánica convencional (ARMc), y en el tratamiento del síndrome de escape aéreo. Un metaanálisis reciente concluyó que la VAFO parece disminuir la mortalidad en niños posneonatales y adultos. En este contexto, es importante la evaluación de los resultados en el uso rutinario de esta tecnología. Objetivos. Principal: Analizar la efectividad de la VAFO en la práctica rutinaria en un centro que no dispone de oxigenación por membrana de circulación extracorpórea. Secundarios: Describir los datos demográfcos y las causas de insufciencia respiratoria grave de los pacientes que requirieron VAFO. Examinar la relación entre factores predictores potenciales y la ocurrencia de mortalidad. Población y métodos. Estudio retrospectivo en el cual se analizaron las historias clínicas de los pacientes que requirieron VAFO en las Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos de un hospital pediátrico terciario en el período 01/01/2008 - 01/07/2010. Resultados. Se analizaron 76 ingresos a VAFO en 69 pacientes. El 80% de tales ingresos tenían diagnóstico de infección respiratoria aguda baja o sepsis. El 62,3% (n= 43) de los casos presentaban enfermedad crónica subyacente. La mayoría de los ingresos fueron por hipoxemia refractaria (93,4%). Se halló que los pacientes fallecidos presentaban peores condiciones clínicas al ingreso, mayor compromiso multiorgánico, peor oxigenación y compromiso pulmonar. Conclusión. En una población con alta prevalencia de enfermos crónicos, oncológicos e inmunodeprimidos, el uso rutinario de la VAFO se asoció con un 33,4% de supervivencia. Se necesitan más estudios pronósticos que permitan una selección más efcaz de los pacientes candidatos a esta tecnología.
Introduction. High frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) is a rescue therapy for hypoxemic patients who deteriorate in conventional mechanical ventilation and/or for the air-leak syndrome treatment. A recent meta analysis showed that HFOV might have reduced mortality in pediatric and adult patients compared with conventional ventilation. In this context it's important to evaluate the effectiveness of this method in everyday use. Objectives. Main: To analize the effectiveness of HFOV in everyday practice in a center without extra corporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) capabilities. Secondary: To describe demographics and causes of severe respiratory failure of patients requiring HFOV. To assess the relationship between potential predictors and the occurrence of mortality. Population and methods. Retrospective study analyzing medical records of all patients that required HFOV in a tertiary care pediatric hospital pediatric intensive care units between march 1st 2008 and july 1st 2010. Results. Sixty-nine patients received 76 HFOV treatments. Eighty percent were diagnosed with acute lower respiratory infection or sepsis and 62.3% (n= 43) had preexisting chronic co-morbidities. The majority of HFOV treatments were because refractory hypoxemia (93.4%). Non survivors patients had worse clinical status at PICU admission, higher multiorgan failure, worse oxygenation and pulmonary condition. Conclusions. Everyday use of HFOV in a population with high incidence of chronic, oncologic and/or immunocompromised patients was associated with a survival of 33.4%. More prognostic studies are needed for a more effective selection of HFOV candidates.
Assuntos
Pré-Escolar , Humanos , Lactente , Ventilação de Alta Frequência , Insuficiência Respiratória/terapia , Doença Aguda , Estudos Retrospectivos , Centros de Atenção TerciáriaRESUMO
El síndrome postneumonectomía es una entidad poco frecuente en pediatría. Comunicamos un caso secundario a una neumonectomía realizada por un tumor intratorácico. Niño de 4 años con antecedente de exéresis pulmonar derecha y dificultad respiratoria progresiva, con obstrucción extrínseca de la vía aérea por estructuras mediastínicas desplazadas. Hubo intentos frustros de tutorización con dispositivos endoluminales de la vía aérea, e imposibilidad de retiro de la asistencia ventilatoria mecánica. Ante la imposibilidad de reposicionamiento mediastinal, se realiza puente (bypass) aórtico con tubo protésico, con evolución favorable y egreso hospitalario.
Postpneumonectomy syndrome is a rare entity in children. We report a case secondary to pneumonectomy performed due to an intrathoracic tumor. A 4-year-old boy with a history of right pneumonectomy and progressive respiratory distress, with extrinsic airway obstruction due to displaced mediastinal structures. There were failure to intubate the airway with endoluminal devices and impossibility of withdrawing from mechanical ventilation. As mediastinal repositioning was not possible, an aortic bypass with a prosthetic tube graft was performed, with favorable outcome and hospital discharge.
Assuntos
Pré-Escolar , Humanos , Masculino , Hérnia/etiologia , Pneumopatias/etiologia , Doenças do Mediastino/etiologia , Pneumonectomia/efeitos adversos , SíndromeRESUMO
Las cepas de virus de hepatitis E (HEV) encontradas en casos esporádicos humanos y en cerdos en Argentina corresponden al genotipo 3. Se han descripto variantes de este genotipo asociadas a fallas hepáticas fulminantes (FHF) en adultos de Japón e Inglaterra. En Argentina el 30% de las FHF en adultos y en niños es de etiología desconocida. Para estudiar si el HEV podría ser el agente etiológico asociado a FHF en niños se analizaron el suero y/o la materia fecal de 35 niños (edad media 6 años, 20 mujeres, 15 varones) durante 2003 y 2004. El HEV RNA fue detectado por RT-nested PCR con cebadores dirigidos a las regiones ORF 1 y ORF 2. El HEV RNA pudo detectarse en 3 casos. Dos eran varones de 12 años residentes en la provincia de Buenos Aires y el tercero, una niña de 3 años de la provincia de Corrientes. El análisis de las secuencias muestra que las 3 variantes son distintas, pero pertenecen todas al genotipo 3 y están muy relacionadas a las cepas encontradas previamente en casos esporádicos en humanos y en cerdos de Argentina. Estos datos sugieren una posible relación entre FHF y HEV en niños de Argentina e indican la necesidad de considerar la infección con HEV en el diagnóstico diferencial de las FHF. Se necesitan más estudios que demuestren el verdadero impacto de esta infección y el beneficio potencial de na vacuna para HEV, actualmente en fase III.
Strains of hepatitis E virus (HEV) isolated from Argentinian patients with sporadic hepatitis, as well as from swine from Argentina, belong to genotype 3. HEV genotype 3 variants have been described associated with acute liver failure (ALF) in adults from Japan and the United Kingdom. In Argentina, 30% of ALF in adults and children are of unknown aetiology. To study if HEV could be an aetiological agent associated with ALF in children, serum and/or fecal samples from 35 children (mean age: 6 years, 20 female, 15 male) were analyzed during 2003 and 2004. HEV RNA was detected by RT-nested PCR with primers designed within ORF 1 and ORF 2 regions. HEV RNA could be detected in three cases. Two were 12-year-old boys from Buenos Aires province and the third was a 3- year-old girl from Corrientes province. Sequence analysis indicates that the three isolates are distinct from each other but all belong to genotype 3, exhibiting a close relationship with swine and human strains from sporadic cases of HEV, previously reported in Argentina. This data suggests a potential link between ALF and HEV in children in Argentina and indicates the need for the determination of HEV status in the differential diagnosis in ALF. Further studies would aid in determining the true impact of this infection in Argentina and the potential benefits of a vaccine against HEV, presently in phase III trials.
Assuntos
Humanos , Animais , Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Vírus da Hepatite E/genética , Hepatite E/genética , Falência Hepática Aguda/virologia , Argentina , Primers do DNA/genética , Fezes/virologia , Genoma Viral , Genótipo , Vírus da Hepatite E/isolamento & purificação , Hepatite E/diagnóstico , Falência Hepática Aguda/diagnóstico , Falência Hepática Aguda/genética , Linhagem , RNA Viral/sangue , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Análise de Sequência , SuínosRESUMO
Introducción: De enero a diciembre de 1989, 155 niños con cardiopatías congénitas fueron operados en el Hospital Dr. Juan P. Garrahan. Material y métodos: Se estudiaron los siguientes factores asociados a la aparición de IRA: edad, tipo de cardiopatía operada, flujo pulmonar, presencia o ausencia de cianosis, tiempo de circulación extracorpórea (CEC), tiempo de clampeo aórtico (CA), presión arterial media (PAM) durante la CEC, síndrome de bajo volumen minuto (BVM) postoperatorio y arritmias. Resultados: Trece de 155 niños presentaron insuficiencia renal aguda (IRA) en el período postoperatorio inmediato (dentro de las 24 hs. de la cirugía). En todos los casos el fallo renal fue oligúrico; a 9 niños se les realizó diálisis peritoneal. Seis pacientes fallecieron (mortalidad relacionada a IRA, 46 por ciento). Los pacientes menores de 1 año presentaron más frecuentemente IRA y tuvieron mayor mortalidad que los niños mayores de 1 año. Los niños con hiperflujo pulmonar y/o cianosis previos a la cirugía presentaron más frecuentemente IRA. Los tiempos prolongados de CEC (> 120 minutos) y/o de CA (> 60 minutos) no presentaron diferencias estadísticas significativas en el desarrollo de IRA. La presencia de BVM postoperatorio se asoció en forma significativa con IRA