Molecular evolution of dengue virus: a Bayesian approach using 1581 whole-genome sequences from January 1944 to July 2022.

Dengue is a viral disease transmitted by mosquitoes that has spread rapidly across all continents in recent years. There are four distinct but closely related serotypes of the virus that causes dengue (DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3, and DENV-4). In the present study, we evaluated temporal spreading and molecular evolution of dengue virus (DENV) serotypes. Bayesian coalescent analysis was performed to study viral evolution, and it was estimated that the most recent common ancestor of DENV-1 was present in 1884 in Southeast Asia, that of DENV-2 was present in 1723 in Europe, that of DENV-3 was present in 1921 in Southeast Asia, and that of DENV-4 was present in 1876 in Southeast Asia. DENV appears to have originated in Spain in approximately 1682, and it was disseminated in Asia and Oceania in approximately 1847. After this period, the virus was introduced into North America in approximately 1890. In South America, it was first disseminated to Ecuador in approximately 1897 and then to Brazil in approximately 1910. Dengue has had a significant impact on global health worldwide, and the present study provides an overview of the molecular evolution of DENV serotypes.

Long-term Health-Related Quality of Life and Outcomes after Hospitalization for COVID-19 in Brazil: Post-COVID Brazil 1 Study Protocol. / Qualidade de Vida em Longo Prazo e Desfechos após Internação por COVID-19 no Brasil: Protocolo do Estudo Pós-COVID Brasil 1.

BACKGROUND: The long-term impact of hospitalization for COVID-19 on patients' physical, mental, and cognitive health still needs further assessment. OBJECTIVES: This study aims to evaluate factors associated with quality of life and cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular outcomes 12 months after hospitalization for COVID-19. METHODS: This prospective multicenter study intends to enroll 611 patients hospitalized due to COVID-19 (NCT05165979). Centralized telephone interviews are scheduled to occur at three, six, nine, and 12 months after hospital discharge. The primary endpoint is defined as the health-related quality-of-life utility score assessed by the EuroQol-5D-3L (EQ-5D-3L) questionnaire at 12 months. Secondary endpoints are defined as the EQ-5D-3L at three, six and nine months, return to work or education, persistent symptoms, new disabilities in instrumental activities of daily living, cognitive impairment, anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress symptoms, major cardiovascular events, rehospitalization, as well as all-cause mortality at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection. A p-value <0.05 will be assumed as statistically significant for all analyses. RESULTS: The primary endpoint will be presented as the frequency of the EQ-5D-3L score 12 months after COVID-19 hospitalization. A sub-analysis to identify possible associations of independent variables with study outcomes will be presented. CONCLUSIONS: This study will determine the impact of COVID-19 on the quality of life and cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular outcomes of hospitalized patients 12 months after discharge providing insights to the public health system in Brazil.

FUNDAMENTO: O impacto em longo prazo da hospitalização por COVID-19 sobre a saúde física, mental e cognitiva dos pacientes requer mais investigação. OBJETIVOS: Este artigo visa avaliar os fatores associados com a qualidade de vida e desfechos cardiovasculares e não cardiovasculares 12 meses após a internação hospitalar por COVID-19. MÉTODOS: Este estudo multicêntrico prospectivo pretende incluir 611 pacientes internados por COVID-19 (NCT05165979). Entrevistas telefônicas centralizadas estão programadas para ocorrer em três, seis, nove e 12 meses após a alta hospitalar. O desfecho primário é definido como o escore de utilidade de qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde avaliada pelo questionário EuroQol-5D-3L (EQ-5D-3L) aos 12 meses. Desfechos secundários são definidos como o EQ-5D-3L aos três, seis e nove meses, retorno ao trabalho ou à escola, sintomas persistentes, novas incapacidades em atividades instrumentais diárias, déficit cognitivo, ansiedade, depressão, e sintomas de transtorno do estresse pós-traumático, eventos cardiovasculares maiores, reinternação, e mortalidade por todas as causas aos três, seis, nove e 12 meses após a infecção pelo SARS-CoV-2. Um valor de p<0,05 será considerado estatisticamente significativo para as análises. RESULTADOS: O desfecho primário será apresentado como frequência do escore EQ-5D-3L 12 meses após a internação por COVID-19. Uma subanálise para identificar possíveis associações das variáveis independentes com desfechos do estudo será apresentada. CONCLUSÃO: Este estudo determinará o impacto da COVID-19 sobre a qualidade de vida e de desfechos cardiovasculares e não cardiovasculares de pacientes internados 12 meses após a alta, e fornecerá novas informações ao sistema público de saúde no Brasil.

Association between acute disease severity and one-year quality of life among post-hospitalisation COVID-19 patients: Coalition VII prospective cohort study.

PURPOSE: To assess the association between acute disease severity and 1-year quality of life in patients discharged after hospitalisation due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). METHODS: We conducted a prospective cohort study nested in 5 randomised clinical trials between March 2020 and March 2022 at 84 sites in Brazil. Adult post-hospitalisation COVID-19 patients were followed for 1 year. The primary outcome was the utility score of EuroQol five-dimension three-level (EQ-5D-3L). Secondary outcomes included all-cause mortality, major cardiovascular events, and new disabilities in instrumental activities of daily living. Adjusted generalised estimating equations were used to assess the association between outcomes and acute disease severity according to the highest level on a modified ordinal scale during hospital stay (2: no oxygen therapy; 3: oxygen by mask or nasal prongs; 4: high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy or non-invasive ventilation; 5: mechanical ventilation). RESULTS: 1508 COVID-19 survivors were enrolled. Primary outcome data were available for 1156 participants. At 1 year, compared with severity score 2, severity score 5 was associated with lower EQ-5D-3L utility scores (0.7 vs 0.84; adjusted difference, - 0.1 [95% CI - 0.15 to - 0.06]); and worse results for all-cause mortality (7.9% vs 1.2%; adjusted difference, 7.1% [95% CI 2.5%-11.8%]), major cardiovascular events (5.6% vs 2.3%; adjusted difference, 2.6% [95% CI 0.6%-4.6%]), and new disabilities (40.4% vs 23.5%; adjusted difference, 15.5% [95% CI 8.5%-22.5]). Severity scores 3 and 4 did not differ consistently from score 2. CONCLUSIONS: COVID-19 patients who needed mechanical ventilation during hospitalisation have lower 1-year quality of life than COVID-19 patients who did not need mechanical ventilation during hospitalisation.

Cyto-genotoxicity of crystalline and amorphous niobium (V) oxide nanoparticles in CHO-K1 cells.

Niobium (V) oxide nanoparticles (NINPs) have been widely and increasingly applied in various health products and industrial processes. This merits further study of their toxicity. Here, we investigated the potential of NINPs to induce DNA damage, cytotoxicity, and chromosome instability in cultured CHO-K1 cells. NINPs were physico-chemically characterized. As assessed by comet assay, crystalline and amorphous NINPs were genotoxic at the highest concentrations evaluated. The cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay demonstrated that a 24-h treatment with NINPs, for the crystalline and the amorphous samples, significantly reduced the nuclear division cytotoxicity index. In addition, a 4-h treatment period of crystalline NINPs increased micronucleus (MNi) frequencies. MNi, nucleoplasmic bridges and nuclear buds were detected after exposure of the cells for 24 h to crystalline NINPs. In the amorphous sample, chromosome instability was restricted to the induction of MNi, in the 24-h treatment, detected at all tested concentrations. The fluorescence and dark field microscopy demonstrated the uptake of NINPs by CHO-K1 cells and an intracellular distribution outlining the nucleus. Our data advance understanding of the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of NINPs and should be taken into consideration when setting up guidelines for their use in industrial or health products.

Quality of life and long-term outcomes after hospitalization for COVID-19: Protocol for a prospective cohort study (Coalition VII). / Qualidade de vida e desfechos em longo prazo após hospitalização por COVID-19: Protocolo para um estudo de coorte prospectivo (Coalizão VII).

INTRODUCTION: The long-term effects caused by COVID-19 are unknown. The present study aims to assess factors associated with health-related quality of life and long-term outcomes among survivors of hospitalization for COVID-19 in Brazil. METHODS: This is a multicenter prospective cohort study nested in five randomized clinical trials designed to assess the effects of specific COVID-19 treatments in over 50 centers in Brazil. Adult survivors of hospitalization due to proven or suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection will be followed-up for a period of 1 year by means of structured telephone interviews. The primary outcome is the 1-year utility score of health-related quality of life assessed by the EuroQol-5D3L. Secondary outcomes include all-cause mortality, major cardiovascular events, rehospitalizations, return to work or study, physical functional status assessed by the Lawton-Brody Instrumental Activities of Daily Living, dyspnea assessed by the modified Medical Research Council dyspnea scale, need for long-term ventilatory support, symptoms of anxiety and depression assessed by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder assessed by the Impact of Event Scale-Revised, and self-rated health assessed by the EuroQol-5D3L Visual Analog Scale. Generalized estimated equations will be performed to test the association between five sets of variables (1- demographic characteristics, 2- premorbid state of health, 3- characteristics of acute illness, 4- specific COVID-19 treatments received, and 5- time-updated postdischarge variables) and outcomes. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The study protocol was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of all participant institutions. The results will be disseminated through conferences and peer-reviewed journals.

INTRODUÇÃO: Os efeitos provocados pela COVID-19 em longo prazo são desconhecidos. O presente estudo tem como objetivo avaliar os fatores associados com a qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde e os desfechos em longo prazo em sobreviventes à hospitalização por COVID-19 no Brasil. MÉTODOS: Este será um estudo multicêntrico de coorte prospectivo, aninhado em cinco ensaios clínicos randomizados desenhados para avaliar os efeitos dos tratamentos específicos para COVID-19 em mais de 50 centros no Brasil. Pacientes adultos sobreviventes à hospitalização por infecção por SARS-CoV-2 comprovada ou suspeita serão seguidos por um período de 1 ano, por meio de entrevistas telefônicas estruturadas. O desfecho primário é o escore de utilidade para qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde após 1 ano, avaliado segundo o questionário EuroQol-5D3L. Os desfechos secundários incluirão mortalidade por todas as causas, eventos cardiovasculares graves, reospitalizações, retorno ao trabalho ou estudo, condição funcional física avaliada pelo instrumento Lawton-Brody Instrumental Activities of Daily Living, dispneia avaliada segundo a escala de dispneia modificada do Medical Research Council, necessidade de suporte ventilatório em longo prazo, sintomas de ansiedade e depressão avaliados segundo a Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, sintomas de transtorno de estresse pós-traumático avaliados pela ferramenta Impact of Event Scale-Revised e autoavaliação da condição de saúde, conforme a Escala Visual Analógica do EuroQol-5D3L. Serão utilizadas equações de estimativas generalizada para testar a associação entre cinco conjuntos de variáveis (1 - características demográficas, 2 - condição de saúde pré-morbidade, 3 - características da doença aguda, 4 - terapias específicas para COVID-19 recebidas e 5 - variáveis pós-alta atualizadas) e desfechos. ÉTICA E DISSEMINAÇÃO: O protocolo do estudo foi aprovado pelos Comitês de Ética em Pesquisa de todas as instituições participantes. Os resultados serão disseminados por meio de conferências e periódicos revisados por pares.

Qualidade de Vida em Longo Prazo e Desfechos após Internação por COVID-19 no Brasil: Protocolo do Estudo Pós-COVID Brasil 1 / Long-term Health-Related Quality of Life and Outcomes after Hospitalization for COVID-19 in Brazil: Post-COVID Brazil 1 Study Protocol

Resumo Fundamento O impacto em longo prazo da hospitalização por COVID-19 sobre a saúde física, mental e cognitiva dos pacientes requer mais investigação. Objetivos Este artigo visa avaliar os fatores associados com a qualidade de vida e desfechos cardiovasculares e não cardiovasculares 12 meses após a internação hospitalar por COVID-19. Métodos Este estudo multicêntrico prospectivo pretende incluir 611 pacientes internados por COVID-19 (NCT05165979). Entrevistas telefônicas centralizadas estão programadas para ocorrer em três, seis, nove e 12 meses após a alta hospitalar. O desfecho primário é definido como o escore de utilidade de qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde avaliada pelo questionário EuroQol-5D-3L (EQ-5D-3L) aos 12 meses. Desfechos secundários são definidos como o EQ-5D-3L aos três, seis e nove meses, retorno ao trabalho ou à escola, sintomas persistentes, novas incapacidades em atividades instrumentais diárias, déficit cognitivo, ansiedade, depressão, e sintomas de transtorno do estresse pós-traumático, eventos cardiovasculares maiores, reinternação, e mortalidade por todas as causas aos três, seis, nove e 12 meses após a infecção pelo SARS-CoV-2. Um valor de p<0,05 será considerado estatisticamente significativo para as análises. Resultados O desfecho primário será apresentado como frequência do escore EQ-5D-3L 12 meses após a internação por COVID-19. Uma subanálise para identificar possíveis associações das variáveis independentes com desfechos do estudo será apresentada. Conclusão Este estudo determinará o impacto da COVID-19 sobre a qualidade de vida e de desfechos cardiovasculares e não cardiovasculares de pacientes internados 12 meses após a alta, e fornecerá novas informações ao sistema público de saúde no Brasil.

Abstract Background The long-term impact of hospitalization for COVID-19 on patients' physical, mental, and cognitive health still needs further assessment. Objectives This study aims to evaluate factors associated with quality of life and cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular outcomes 12 months after hospitalization for COVID-19. Methods This prospective multicenter study intends to enroll 611 patients hospitalized due to COVID-19 (NCT05165979). Centralized telephone interviews are scheduled to occur at three, six, nine, and 12 months after hospital discharge. The primary endpoint is defined as the health-related quality-of-life utility score assessed by the EuroQol-5D-3L (EQ-5D-3L) questionnaire at 12 months. Secondary endpoints are defined as the EQ-5D-3L at three, six and nine months, return to work or education, persistent symptoms, new disabilities in instrumental activities of daily living, cognitive impairment, anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress symptoms, major cardiovascular events, rehospitalization, as well as all-cause mortality at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection. A p-value <0.05 will be assumed as statistically significant for all analyses. Results The primary endpoint will be presented as the frequency of the EQ-5D-3L score 12 months after COVID-19 hospitalization. A sub-analysis to identify possible associations of independent variables with study outcomes will be presented. Conclusions This study will determine the impact of COVID-19 on the quality of life and cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular outcomes of hospitalized patients 12 months after discharge providing insights to the public health system in Brazil.

Qualidade de vida e desfechos em longo prazo após hospitalização por COVID-19: Protocolo para um estudo de coorte prospectivo (Coalizão VII) / Quality of life and long-term outcomes after hospitalization for COVID-19: Protocol for a prospective cohort study (Coalition VII)

RESUMO Introdução: Os efeitos provocados pela COVID-19 em longo prazo são desconhecidos. O presente estudo tem como objetivo avaliar os fatores associados com a qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde e os desfechos em longo prazo em sobreviventes à hospitalização por COVID-19 no Brasil. Métodos: Este será um estudo multicêntrico de coorte prospectivo, aninhado em cinco ensaios clínicos randomizados desenhados para avaliar os efeitos dos tratamentos específicos para COVID-19 em mais de 50 centros no Brasil. Pacientes adultos sobreviventes à hospitalização por infecção por SARS-CoV-2 comprovada ou suspeita serão seguidos por um período de 1 ano, por meio de entrevistas telefônicas estruturadas. O desfecho primário é o escore de utilidade para qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde após 1 ano, avaliado segundo o questionário EuroQol-5D3L. Os desfechos secundários incluirão mortalidade por todas as causas, eventos cardiovasculares graves, reospitalizações, retorno ao trabalho ou estudo, condição funcional física avaliada pelo instrumento Lawton-Brody Instrumental Activities of Daily Living, dispneia avaliada segundo a escala de dispneia modificada do Medical Research Council, necessidade de suporte ventilatório em longo prazo, sintomas de ansiedade e depressão avaliados segundo a Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, sintomas de transtorno de estresse pós-traumático avaliados pela ferramenta Impact of Event Scale-Revised e autoavaliação da condição de saúde, conforme a Escala Visual Analógica do EuroQol-5D3L. Serão utilizadas equações de estimativas generalizada para testar a associação entre cinco conjuntos de variáveis (1 - características demográficas, 2 - condição de saúde pré-morbidade, 3 - características da doença aguda, 4 - terapias específicas para COVID-19 recebidas e 5 - variáveis pós-alta atualizadas) e desfechos. Ética e disseminação: O protocolo do estudo foi aprovado pelos Comitês de Ética em Pesquisa de todas as instituições participantes. Os resultados serão disseminados por meio de conferências e periódicos revisados por pares.

Abstract Introduction: The long-term effects caused by COVID-19 are unknown. The present study aims to assess factors associated with health-related quality of life and long-term outcomes among survivors of hospitalization for COVID-19 in Brazil. Methods: This is a multicenter prospective cohort study nested in five randomized clinical trials designed to assess the effects of specific COVID-19 treatments in over 50 centers in Brazil. Adult survivors of hospitalization due to proven or suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection will be followed-up for a period of 1 year by means of structured telephone interviews. The primary outcome is the 1-year utility score of health-related quality of life assessed by the EuroQol-5D3L. Secondary outcomes include all-cause mortality, major cardiovascular events, rehospitalizations, return to work or study, physical functional status assessed by the Lawton-Brody Instrumental Activities of Daily Living, dyspnea assessed by the modified Medical Research Council dyspnea scale, need for long-term ventilatory support, symptoms of anxiety and depression assessed by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder assessed by the Impact of Event Scale-Revised, and self-rated health assessed by the EuroQol-5D3L Visual Analog Scale. Generalized estimated equations will be performed to test the association between five sets of variables (1- demographic characteristics, 2- premorbid state of health, 3- characteristics of acute illness, 4- specific COVID-19 treatments received, and 5- time-updated postdischarge variables) and outcomes. Ethics and dissemination: The study protocol was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of all participant institutions. The results will be disseminated through conferences and peer-reviewed journals.