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1.
Cereb Cortex ; 34(1)2024 01 14.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37955646

RESUMO

The spectral composition of EEG provides important information on the function of the developing brain. For example, the frequency of the dominant rhythm, a salient features of EEG data, increases from infancy to adulthood. Changes of the dominant rhythm during infancy are yet to be fully characterized, in terms of their developmental trajectory and spectral characteristics. In this study, the development of dominant rhythm frequency was examined during a novel sustained attention task across 6-month-old (n = 39), 9-month-old (n = 30), and 12-month-old (n = 28) infants. During this task, computer-generated objects and faces floated down a computer screen for 10 s after a 5-second fixation cross. The peak frequency in the range between 5 and 9 Hz was calculated using center of gravity (CoG) and examined in response to faces and objects. Results indicated that peak frequency increased from 6 to 9 to 12 months of age in face and object conditions. We replicated the same result for the baseline. There was high reliability between the CoGs in the face, object, and baseline conditions across all channels. The developmental increase in CoG was more reliable than measures of mode frequency across different conditions. These findings suggest that CoG is a robust index of brain development across infancy.


Assuntos
Atenção , Encéfalo , Lactente , Humanos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Encéfalo/fisiologia , Atenção/fisiologia , Eletroencefalografia , Ritmo alfa/fisiologia
2.
Infancy ; 2024 Sep 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39245806

RESUMO

The current study examined the extent to which labels shape visuocortical processing during the first year of life during a brief (~6-min) associative learning task. Images of computer-generated artificial objects were paired with either individual-level (e.g., Jimmy, Boris) or category-level labels (e.g., Hitchel) while event-related potentials were recorded in response to the onset of the visual stimulus in 6- (n = 41), 9- (n = 27), and 12-month-old (n = 28) infants. Analyses examined experience-dependent visuocortical changes within and across trials, label conditions, and ages. Overall, results demonstrate that infants deploy greater visuocortical resources during the first half of associative learning trials and to stimuli paired with category-level relative to individual-level labels. Waveform morphologies also differed between stimuli paired with individual- and category-level labels and across the age groups, with more complex deflections and amplitude differences between label type at 9- and 12-month-olds, but not 6-month-old infants. The present results highlight the importance of associative learning during infancy and suggest that category- versus individual-level labels differentially direct infant attention and visuocortical processing.

3.
Behav Res Methods ; 2024 Sep 16.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39285143

RESUMO

Face processing is a central component of human communication and social engagement. The present investigation introduces a set of racially and ethnically inclusive faces created for researchers interested in perceptual and socio-cognitive processes linked to human faces. The Diverse Face Images (DFI) stimulus set includes high-quality still images of female faces that are racially and ethnically representative, include multiple images of direct and indirect gaze for each model and control for low-level perceptual variance between images. The DFI stimuli will support researchers interested in studying face processing throughout the lifespan as well as other questions that require a diversity of faces or gazes. This report includes a detailed description of stimuli development and norming data for each model. Adults completed a questionnaire rating each image in the DFI stimuli set on three major qualities relevant to face processing: (1) strength of race/ethnicity group associations, (2) strength of eye gaze orientation, and (3) strength of emotion expression. These validation data highlight the presence of rater variability within and between individual model images as well as within and between race and ethnicity groups.

4.
Dev Psychobiol ; 65(2): e22362, 2023 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36811376

RESUMO

Everyday face experience tends to be biased, such that infants and young children interact more often with own-race and female faces leading to differential processing of faces within these groups relative to others. In the present study, visual fixation strategies were recorded using eye tracking to determine the extent to which face race and sex/gender impact a key index of face processing in 3- to 6-year-old children (n = 47). Children viewed male and female upright and inverted White and Asian faces while visual fixations were recorded. Face orientation was found to have robust effects on children's visual fixations, such that children exhibited shorter first fixation and average fixation durations and a greater number of fixations for inverted compared to upright face trials. First fixations to the eye region were also greater for upright compared to inverted faces. Fewer fixations and longer duration fixations were found for trials with male compared to female faces and for upright compared to inverted unfamiliar-race faces, but not familiar-race faces. These findings demonstrate evidence of differential fixation strategies toward different types of faces in 3- to 6-year-old children, illustrating the importance of experience in the development of visual attention to faces.


Assuntos
Reconhecimento Facial , Fixação Ocular , Lactente , Humanos , Masculino , Criança , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Fatores de Tempo , Grupo Social , Reconhecimento Visual de Modelos
5.
J Vis ; 21(5): 5, 2021 05 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33951142

RESUMO

While motion information is important for the early stages of vision, it also contributes to later stages of object recognition. For example, human observers can detect the presence of a human, judge its actions, and judge its gender and identity simply based on motion cues conveyed in a point-light display. Here we examined whether object expertise enhances the observer's sensitivity to its characteristic movement. Bird experts and novices were shown point-light displays of upright and inverted birds in flight, or upright and inverted human walkers, and asked to discriminate them from spatially scrambled point-light displays of the same stimuli. While the spatially scrambled stimuli retained the local motion of each dot of the moving objects, it disrupted the global percept of the object in motion. To estimate a detection threshold in each object domain, we systematically varied the number of noise dots in which the stimuli were embedded using an adaptive staircase approach. Contrary to our predictions, the experts did not show disproportionately higher sensitivity to bird motion, and both groups showed no inversion cost. However, consistent with previous work showing a robust inversion effect for human motion, both groups were more sensitive to upright human walkers than their inverted counterparts. Thus, the result suggests that real-world experience in the bird domain has little to no influence on the sensitivity to bird motion and that birds do not show the typical inversion effect seen with humans and other terrestrial movement.


Assuntos
Percepção de Movimento , Animais , Aves , Sinais (Psicologia) , Humanos , Movimento (Física) , Percepção Visual
6.
Eur J Neurosci ; 52(11): 4468-4479, 2020 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29499088

RESUMO

Perceptual expertise is marked by subordinate-level recognition of objects in the expert domain. In this study, participants learned one family of full-color, artificial objects at the subordinate (species) level and another family at the basic (family) level. Discrimination of trained and untrained exemplars was tested before and after training across several image manipulations [full-color, grayscale, low spatial frequency (LSF) and high spatial frequency (HSF)] while event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded. Regardless of image manipulation, discrimination (indexed by d') of trained and of untrained exemplars was enhanced after subordinate-level training, but not after basic-level training. Enhanced discrimination after subordinate-level training generalized to untrained exemplars and to grayscale images and images in which LSF or HSF information was removed. After training, the N170 and N250, recorded over occipital and occipitotemporal brain regions, were both more enhanced after subordinate-level training than after basic-level training. However, the topographic distribution of enhanced responses differed across components. The N170 latency predicted reaction time after both basic-level training and subordinate-level training, highlighting an association between behavioral and neural responses. These findings further elucidate the role of the N170 and N250 as ERP indices of subordinate-level expert object processing and demonstrate how low-level manipulations of color and spatial frequency impact behavior and the N170 and N250 components independent of training or expertise.


Assuntos
Potenciais Evocados , Reconhecimento Visual de Modelos , Eletroencefalografia , Humanos , Estimulação Luminosa , Tempo de Reação , Reconhecimento Psicológico
7.
Child Dev ; 89(3): 698-710, 2018 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29219170

RESUMO

This study examined differences in visual attention as a function of label learning from 6 to 9 months of age. Before and after 3 months of parent-directed storybook training with computer-generated novel objects, event-related potentials and visual fixations were recorded while infants viewed trained and untrained images (n = 23). Relative to a pretraining, a no-training control group (n = 11), and to infants trained with category-level labels (e.g., all labeled "Hitchel"), infants trained with individual-level labels (e.g., "Boris," "Jamar") displayed increased visual attention and neural differentiation of objects after training.


Assuntos
Desenvolvimento Infantil/fisiologia , Formação de Conceito/fisiologia , Potenciais Evocados/fisiologia , Fixação Ocular/fisiologia , Aprendizagem/fisiologia , Reconhecimento Visual de Modelos/fisiologia , Prática Psicológica , Eletroencefalografia , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino
8.
Infancy ; 22(5): 626-644, 2017 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33158332

RESUMO

Using the eye gaze of others to direct one's own attention develops during the first year of life and is thought to be an important skill for learning and social communication. However, it is currently unclear whether infants differentially attend to and encode objects cued by the eye gaze of individuals within familiar groups (e.g., own race, more familiar sex) relative to unfamiliar groups (e.g., other race, less familiar sex). During gaze cueing, but prior to the presentation of objects, 10-month-olds looked longer to the eyes of own-race faces relative to 5-month-olds and relative to the eyes of other-race faces. After gaze cueing, two objects were presented alongside the face and at both ages, infants looked longer to the uncued objects for faces from the more familiar-sex and longer to cued objects for the less familiar-sex faces. Finally, during the test phase, both 5- and 10-month-old infants looked longer to uncued objects relative to cued objects but only when the objects were cued by an own-race and familiar-sex individual. Results demonstrate that infants use face eye gaze differently when the cue comes from someone within a highly experienced group.

9.
Dev Sci ; 18(5): 842-52, 2015 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25439095

RESUMO

The capacity to tell the difference between two faces within an infrequently experienced face group (e.g. other species, other race) declines from 6 to 9 months of age unless infants learn to match these faces with individual-level names. Similarly, the use of individual-level labels can also facilitate differentiation of a group of non-face objects (strollers). This early learning leads to increased neural specialization for previously unfamiliar face or object groups. The current investigation aimed to determine whether early conceptual learning between 6 and 9 months leads to sustained behavioral advantages and neural changes in these same children at 4-6 years of age. Results suggest that relative to a control group of children with no previous training and to children with infant category-level naming experience, children with early individual-level training exhibited faster response times to human faces. Further, individual-level training with a face group - but not an object group - led to more adult-like neural responses for human faces. These results suggest that early individual-level learning results in long-lasting process-specific effects, which benefit categories that continue to be perceived and recognized at the individual level (e.g. human faces).


Assuntos
Atenção/fisiologia , Desenvolvimento Infantil , Formação de Conceito , Face , Reconhecimento Visual de Modelos/fisiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Eletroencefalografia , Potenciais Evocados Visuais/fisiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Aprendizagem , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Pais/psicologia , Estimulação Luminosa , Tempo de Reação
10.
J Vis ; 14(9)2014 Aug 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25113021

RESUMO

In the current study, we examined how color knowledge in a domain of expertise influences the accuracy and speed of object recognition. In Experiment 1, expert bird-watchers and novice participants categorized common birds (e.g., robin, sparrow, cardinal) at the family level of abstraction. The bird images were shown in their natural congruent color, nonnatural incongruent color, and gray scale. The main finding was that color affected the performance of bird experts and bird novices, albeit in different ways. Although both experts and novices relied on color to recognize birds at the family level, analysis of the response time distribution revealed that color facilitated expert performance in the fastest and slowest trials whereas color only helped the novices in the slower trials. In Experiment 2, expert bird-watchers were asked to categorize congruent color, incongruent color, and gray scale images of birds at the more subordinate, species level (e.g., Nashville warbler, Wilson's warbler). The performance of experts was better with congruent color images than with incongruent color and gray scale images. As in Experiment 1, analysis of the response time distribution showed that the color effect was present in the fastest trials and was sustained through the slowest trials. Collectively, the findings show that experts have ready access to color knowledge that facilitates their fast and accurate identification at the family and species level of recognition.


Assuntos
Percepção de Cores/fisiologia , Reconhecimento Visual de Modelos/fisiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Animais , Aves , Sensibilidades de Contraste/fisiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Tempo de Reação , Adulto Jovem
11.
Dev Cogn Neurosci ; 69: 101414, 2024 Jul 14.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39032415

RESUMO

The HEALthy Brain and Child Development (HBCD) Study, a multi-site prospective longitudinal cohort study, will examine human brain, cognitive, behavioral, social and emotional development beginning prenatally and planned through early childhood. Many prenatal and early childhood exposures impact both later physical health and development. Moreover, early deficits in physical health, such as growth and vision, are associated with differences in brain development, language and cognitive functioning. For these reasons, the HBCD Study includes measures of early childhood physical health, many of which have clinical relevance, and are applicable for use as both predictors and outcomes. Study measures assess a broad range of physical health domains and include both objective measurement of child growth and health and subjective caregiver report of behaviors and attitudes about constructs known to influence growth and physical development. Lastly, we obtain caregiver report of the child's routine medical care as well as acute and chronic medical issues. We anticipate that these data will contextualize the impact of child physical growth and health on child brain development and function. In this report we present the rationale for each domain and an overview of the physical health measures included in the current HBCD Study protocol.

12.
Dev Cogn Neurosci ; 69: 101447, 2024 Sep 18.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39305603

RESUMO

The HEALthy Brain and Child Development (HBCD) Study, a multi-site prospective longitudinal cohort study, will examine human brain, cognitive, behavioral, social, and emotional development beginning prenatally and planned through early childhood. Electroencephalography (EEG) is one of two brain imaging modalities central to the HBCD Study. EEG records electrical signals from the scalp that reflect electrical brain activity. In addition, the EEG signal can be synchronized to the presentation of discrete stimuli (auditory or visual) to measure specific cognitive processes with excellent temporal precision (e.g., event-related potentials; ERPs). EEG is particularly helpful for the HBCD Study as it can be used with awake, alert infants, and can be acquired continuously across development. The current paper reviews the HBCD Study's EEG/ERP protocol: (a) the selection and development of the tasks (Video Resting State, Visual Evoked Potential, Auditory Oddball, Face Processing); (b) the implementation of common cross-site acquisition parameters and hardware, site setup, training, and initial piloting; (c) the development of the preprocessing pipelines and creation of derivatives; and (d) the incorporation of equity and inclusion considerations. The paper also provides an overview of the functioning of the EEG Workgroup and the input from members across all steps of protocol development and piloting.

13.
Neuropsychologia ; 178: 108443, 2023 01 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36481257

RESUMO

The current study examines the extent to which hearing individual-level names (e.g., Jimmy) and category-level labels (e.g., Hitchel) paired with novel objects impacts neural responses across a brief (6 min) learning period. Event-related Potentials (ERPs) were recorded while adult participants (n = 44) viewed and heard exemplars of two different species of named novel objects. ERPs were examined for each labeling condition and compared across the first and second half of the learning trials (∼3 min/half). Mean amplitude decreased for the P1 and increased for the N170 from the first to the second half of trials. The decrease in P1 was right lateralized. In addition, the P1 amplitude recorded over right occipitotemporal regions was greater than left occipitotemporal areas, but only for objects paired with individual-level labels. Category-level labels did not show regional P1 differences. The N250 component was greatest over the right occipitotemporal region and was enhanced for objects labeled with individual-level relative to category-level names during the second half of trials. Overall, these findings highlight the unfolding of label-dependent visual processing across a short training period in adults. The results suggest that linguistic labels have an important, top-down impact, on visual processing and that label specificity shapes visuo-cortical responses within a 6-min learning period.


Assuntos
Eletroencefalografia , Potenciais Evocados , Humanos , Adulto , Potenciais Evocados/fisiologia , Percepção Visual/fisiologia , Aprendizagem/fisiologia
14.
Sci Rep ; 13(1): 11437, 2023 07 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37454134

RESUMO

A hallmark of expert object recognition is rapid and accurate subordinate-category recognition of visually homogenous objects. However, the perceptual strategies by which expert recognition is achieved is less known. The current study investigated whether visual expertise changes observers' perceptual field (e.g., their ability to use information away from fixation for recognition) for objects in their domain of expertise, using a gaze-contingent eye-tracking paradigm. In the current study, bird experts and novices were presented with two bird images sequentially, and their task was to determine whether the two images were of the same species (e.g., two different song sparrows) or different species (e.g., song sparrow and chipping sparrow). The first study bird image was presented in full view. The second test bird image was presented fully visible (full-view), restricted to a circular window centered on gaze position (central-view), or restricted to image regions beyond a circular mask centered on gaze position (peripheral-view). While experts and novices did not differ in their eye-movement behavior, experts' performance on the discrimination task for the fastest responses was less impaired than novices in the peripheral-view condition. Thus, the experts used peripheral information to a greater extent than novices, indicating that the experts have a wider perceptual field to support their speeded subordinate recognition.


Assuntos
Tecnologia de Rastreamento Ocular , Percepção Visual , Animais , Reconhecimento Psicológico/fisiologia , Aves , Movimentos Oculares
15.
Dev Sci ; 15(3): 359-72, 2012 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22490176

RESUMO

Early in the first year of life infants exhibit equivalent performance distinguishing among people within their own race and within other races. However, with development and experience, their face recognition skills become tuned to groups of people they interact with the most. This developmental tuning is hypothesized to be the origin of adult face processing biases including the other-race bias. In adults the other-race bias has also been associated with impairments in facial emotion processing for other-race faces. The present investigation aimed to show perceptual narrowing for other-race faces during infancy and to determine whether the race of a face influences infants' ability to match emotional sounds with emotional facial expressions. Behavioral (visual-paired comparison; VPC) and electrophysiological (event-related potentials; ERPs) measures were recorded in 5-month-old and 9-month-old infants. Behaviorally, 5-month-olds distinguished faces within their own race and within another race, whereas 9-month-olds only distinguish faces within their own race. ERPs were recorded while an emotion sound (laughing or crying) was presented prior to viewing an image of a static African American or Caucasian face expressing either a happy or a sad emotion. Consistent with behavioral findings, ERPs revealed race-specific perceptual processing of faces and emotion/sound face congruency at 9 months but not 5 months of age. In addition, from 5 to 9 months, the neural networks activated for sound/face congruency were found to shift from an anterior ERP component (Nc) related to attention to posterior ERP components (N290, P400) related to perception.


Assuntos
Emoções/fisiologia , Face , Expressão Facial , Voz/fisiologia , Adulto , Negro ou Afro-Americano , Potenciais Evocados/fisiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Reconhecimento Visual de Modelos/fisiologia , Estimulação Luminosa , Reconhecimento Psicológico/fisiologia , População Branca
16.
Dev Psychobiol ; 54(6): 643-63, 2012 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22711622

RESUMO

The nature of the developmental trajectory of face recognition abilities from infancy through adulthood is multifaceted and currently not well understood. We argue that the understanding of this trajectory can be greatly informed by taking a more functionalist approach in which the influence of age-appropriate developmental tasks and goals are considered. To build this argument, we provide a focused review of developmental change across several important biases within face processing (species, race, age, and gender biases) from infancy through adulthood. We show that no existing theoretical framework can simultaneously and parsimoniously explain these very different trajectories and relative degrees of plasticity. We offer several examples of infant- and adolescent-specific developmental tasks that we predict have an essential influence on the content and description of information that individuals need to extract from faces at these very different developmental stages. Finally, we suggest that this approach may provide a unique opportunity to study the role of early experience in (i.e., age of acquisition effects) and the quality and range of experiences that are critical for shaping behaviors through the course of development, from infancy to adulthood.


Assuntos
Desenvolvimento do Adolescente/fisiologia , Desenvolvimento Infantil/fisiologia , Face , Reconhecimento Psicológico/fisiologia , Percepção Visual/fisiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Fatores Sexuais
17.
Dev Cogn Neurosci ; 54: 101066, 2022 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35184025

RESUMO

Steady-state visual evoked potential (ssVEP) frequency tagging is an increasingly used method in electrophysiological studies of visual attention and perception. Frequency tagging is suitable for studies examining a wide range of populations, including infants and children. Frequency tagging involves the presentation of different elements of a visual array at different temporal rates, thus using stimulus timing to "tag" the brain response to a given element by means of a unique time signature. Leveraging the strength of the ssVEP frequency tagging method to isolate brain responses to concurrently presented and spatially overlapping visual objects requires specific signal processing methods. Here, we introduce the FreqTag suite of functions, an open source MATLAB toolbox. The purpose of the FreqTag toolbox is three-fold. First, it will equip users with a set of transparent and reproducible analytical tools for the analysis of ssVEP data. Second, the toolbox is designed to illustrate fundamental features of frequency domain and time-frequency domain approaches. Finally, decision criteria for the application of different functions and analyses are described. To promote reproducibility, raw algorithms are provided in a modular fashion, without additional hidden functions or transformations. This approach is intended to facilitate a fundamental understanding of the transformations and algorithmic steps in FreqTag, and to allow users to visualize and test each step in the toolbox.


Assuntos
Eletroencefalografia , Potenciais Evocados Visuais , Criança , Eletroencefalografia/métodos , Humanos , Estimulação Luminosa/métodos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Fatores de Tempo
18.
Vision Res ; 191: 107971, 2022 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34826750

RESUMO

Previous work suggests that subordinate-level object training improves exemplar-level perceptual discrimination over basic-level training. However, the extent to which visual fixation strategies and the use of visual features, such as color and spatial frequency (SF), change with improved discrimination was not previously known. In the current study, adults (n = 24) completed 6 days of training with 2 families of computer-generated novel objects. Participants were trained to identify one object family at the subordinate level and the other object family at the basic level. Before and after training, discrimination accuracy and visual fixations were measured for trained and untrained exemplars. To examine the impact of training on visual feature use, image color and SF were manipulated and tested before and after training. Discrimination accuracy increased for the object family trained at the subordinate-level, but not for the family trained at the basic level. This increase was seen for all image manipulations (color, SF) and generalized to untrained exemplars within the trained family. Both subordinate- and basic-level training increased average fixation duration and saccadic amplitude and decreased the number of total fixations. Collectively, these results suggest a dissociation between discrimination accuracy, indicative of recognition, and the associated pattern of changes present for visual fixations.


Assuntos
Reconhecimento Visual de Modelos , Reconhecimento Psicológico , Adulto , Fixação Ocular , Humanos , Movimentos Sacádicos
19.
J Cogn Neurosci ; 23(10): 2935-44, 2011 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21452953

RESUMO

The effects of individual versus category training, using behavioral indices of stimulus discrimination and neural ERPs indices of holistic processing, were examined in infants. Following pretraining assessments at 6 months, infants were sent home with training books of objects for 3 months. One group of infants was trained with six different strollers labeled individually, and another group was trained with the same six strollers labeled at the category level (i.e., "stroller"). Infants returned for posttraining assessments at 9 months. Discrimination of objects was facilitated for infants trained with the individually labeled strollers but was unchanged after training at the category level. Relative to pretraining and to category-level training, individual-level training resulted in increased holistic processing of strollers recorded over occipital brain regions. These results suggest that labeling nonface objects individually, in infancy, facilitates discrimination and leads to the emergence of holistic neural representations not present with category-level labeling.


Assuntos
Desenvolvimento Infantil/fisiologia , Discriminação Psicológica/fisiologia , Potenciais Evocados Visuais/fisiologia , Reconhecimento Visual de Modelos/fisiologia , Análise de Variância , Eletroencefalografia , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Aprendizagem por Associação de Pares/fisiologia , Estimulação Luminosa/métodos , Tempo de Reação/fisiologia
20.
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform ; 47(3): 387-401, 2021 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33475419

RESUMO

The extent to which visuocortical processing is altered when observers learn to categorize novel visual stimuli via labeling is not well understood. The present investigation used steady state visual evoked potential (ssVEP) frequency tagging to test the hypothesis that learning to categorize novel objects via labeling prompts a competitive advantage over concurrently presented stimuli. In the learning (label-training) phase, participants (n = 24) categorized objects according to two different species labels and faces according to gender. A control group (n = 26) viewed the same stimuli without label learning. Before and after learning, faces and objects were superimposed and viewed concurrently while periodically turned on and off at unique temporal rates (5/s or 6/s). The spectral power of the ssVEP at each frequency was projected to an L2 (minimum) norm estimated source space, and competition between faces and objects was compared using permutation-controlled mass univariate t tests. Results showed that, only in the training group, learning to label novel objects led to a competitive advantage over faces across a network of occipito-temporal and fronto-parietal cortical regions. These changes were more pronounced in participants showing more improvement across the label learning phase. Together, the findings support the notion that learning to label novel object categories affects neural competition though recurrent neural interactions in regions commonly associated with visual perception and selective attention. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).


Assuntos
Potenciais Evocados Visuais , Percepção Visual , Atenção , Humanos , Aprendizagem , Estimulação Luminosa
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