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1.
Anesthesiology ; 119(4): 871-9, 2013 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23838712

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Recent studies have found an association between increased volume and increased intensive care unit (ICU) survival; however, this association might not hold true in ICUs with permanent intensivist coverage. Our objective was to determine whether ICU volume correlates with survival in the Spanish healthcare system. METHODS: Post hoc analysis of a prospective study of all patients admitted to 29 ICUs during 3 months. At ICU discharge, the authors recorded demographic variables, severity score, and specific ICU treatments. Follow-up variables included ICU readmission and hospital mortality. Statistics include logistic multivariate analyses for hospital mortality according to quartiles of volume of patients. RESULTS: The authors studied 4,001 patients with a mean predicted risk of death of 23% (range at hospital level: 14-46%). Observed hospital mortality was 19% (range at hospital level: 11-35%), resulting in a standardized mortality ratio of 0.81 (range: 0.5-1.3). Among the 1,923 patients needing mechanical ventilation, the predicted risk of death was 32% (14-60%) and observed hospital mortality was 30% (12-61%), resulting in a standardized mortality ratio of 0.96 (0.5-1.7). The authors found no correlation between standardized mortality ratio and ICU volume in the entire population or in mechanically ventilated patients. Only mechanically ventilated patients in very low-volume ICUs had slightly worse outcome. CONCLUSION: In the currently studied healthcare system characterized by 24/7 intensivist coverage, the authors found wide variability in outcome among ICUs even after adjusting for severity of illness but no relationship between ICU volume and outcome. Only mechanically ventilated patients in very low-volume centers had slightly worse outcomes.


Assuntos
Mortalidade Hospitalar , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva/estatística & dados numéricos , Avaliação de Resultados da Assistência ao Paciente , Respiração Artificial/mortalidade , Idoso , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Humanos , Tempo de Internação/estatística & dados numéricos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Espanha , Análise de Sobrevida
2.
Intensive Care Med ; 34(8): 1487-91, 2008 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18427774

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: We examined the effect on survival of prone positioning as an early and continuous treatment in ARDS patients already treated with protective ventilation. DESIGN AND SETTING: Open randomized controlled trial in 17 medical-surgical ICUs. PATIENTS: Forty mechanically ventilated patients with early and refractory ARDS despite protective ventilation in the supine position. INTERVENTIONS: Patients were randomized to remain supine or be moved to early (within 48[Symbol: see text]h) and continuous (> or = 20 h/day) prone position until recovery or death. The trial was prematurely stopped due to a low patient recruitment rate. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Clinical characteristics, oxygenation, lung pressures, and hemodynamics were monitored. Need for sedation, complications, length of MV, ICU, and hospital stays, and outcome were recorded. PaO(2)/FIO(2) tended to be higher in prone than in supine patients after 6[Symbol: see text]h (202 +/-78 vs. 165+/-70 mmHg); this difference reached statistical significance on day 3 (234+/-85 vs. 159+/-78). Prone-related side effects were minimal and reversible. Sixty-day survival reached the targeted 15% absolute increase in prone patients (62% vs. 47%) but failed to reach significance due to the small sample. CONCLUSIONS: Our study adds data that reinforce the suggestion of a beneficial effect of early continuous prone positioning on survival in ARDS patients.


Assuntos
Respiração Artificial , Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório/terapia , Feminino , Hemodinâmica , Humanos , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , Tempo de Internação , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Decúbito Ventral , Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório/classificação , Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório/mortalidade , Índice de Gravidade de Doença
3.
Gac. méd. espirit ; 25(1): [11], abr. 2023. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1440164

RESUMO

Fundamento: La enseñanza del idioma inglés constituye una prioridad en la preparación integral de los profesionales de la salud. En las circunstancias actuales la modalidad de educación a distancia es una vía para garantizar la continuidad del proceso docente-educativo en la educación médica superior. Objetivo: Diseñar para su implementación un sistema de tareas docentes que contribuya a desarrollar la habilidad de expresión oral en inglés a través de la educación a distancia en los estudiantes de 2.do año de Medicina. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio experimental en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Holguín durante el período de marzo hasta septiembre de 2021. Se utilizó el método dialéctico materialista como concepción metodológica general de la investigación y se emplearon otros del nivel teórico: análisis y síntesis, inducción-deducción, sistémico-estructural-funcional, histórico-lógico y modelación; empíricos: análisis documental, encuesta, observación de clases, y estadísticos. Resultados: Las principales dificultades estuvieron relacionadas con limitaciones en el tratamiento de la expresión oral en inglés, la insuficiente preparación de los estudiantes en torno a la temática abordada y sus limitaciones en la habilidad de expresión oral en este idioma, por lo que se elaboró un sistema de tareas docentes para solucionar estos aspectos. Conclusiones: Los especialistas valoraron el sistema como adecuado por su estructura y factibilidad de implementación, contribuyó de forma efectiva en la consolidación de la formación cultural y en el plano motivacional.


Background: English language teaching is a priority in the comprehensive preparation of medical professionals. In the current circumstances, distance education is a way to continue the teaching-learning process in higher medical education. Objective: To design for its implementation a system of learning tasks aimed at developing oral expression skills in English through distance education in 2.nd year medical students. Methodology: It was adopted the materialist dialectical method as the general methodological conception of the research, and other methods, from the theoretical level: analysis and synthesis, induction-deduction, systemic-structural-functional, historical-logical and modeling; empirical: documentary analysis, survey, class observation and statistical procedures. Result: The main difficulties were related to the limitations in the treatment of the oral expression in the English language, insufficient preparation of the students on the analyzed topic and their limited ability to develop oral expression in this language, so a system of learning tasks was developed to solve these aspects. Conclusions: The experts considered the system adequate in terms of its structure and feasibility of implementation, contributing effectively to the consolidation of cultural training and at the motivational level.


Assuntos
Estudantes de Medicina , Universidades , Educação a Distância/métodos , Tecnologia Culturalmente Apropriada/métodos , Proficiência Limitada em Inglês
4.
Gac. méd. espirit ; 25(3)dic. 2023.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1528635

RESUMO

Fundamento: El conocimiento del inglés como el idioma empleado globalmente en diversos sectores, se ha convertido, junto a las tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones, es una herramienta de formación, trabajo y entretenimiento indispensable; el dominio de este posibilita las relaciones de cooperación e intercambio de profesionales del sector de la salud en varios países. Objetivo: Diseñar un material didáctico para el desarrollo de la competencia comunicativa audio-oral en inglés en estudiantes de posgrado de la carrera de Medicina, mediante el empleo de tecnologías de la información y la comunicación. Metodología: Se realizó una investigación de desarrollo con enfoque mixto en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Holguín durante el período marzo-julio de 2022. Se asumió el método dialéctico materialista como concepción general de la investigación y se emplearon otros del nivel teórico: histórico-lógico, análisis y síntesis e inducción deducción, sistémico-estructural-funcional y revisión documental; empíricos: encuesta, entrevista y observación participativa. Resultados: Las principales dificultades estuvieron relacionadas con el insuficiente tratamiento de la competencia comunicativa audio-oral en inglés, se constató la importancia de la misma dentro del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje del inglés, pues establece las pautas generales que se deben seguir para una comunicación efectiva y se instituye desde una mirada holística del acto comunicativo del profesional. Conclusiones: Los especialistas valoraron el material como adecuado por su estructura y factibilidad para su implementación. Después de su aplicación se evidenció su efectividad en la consolidación del aprendizaje en este nivel educacional a través de la preparación idiomática.


Background: Knowledge of English as the language used globally in various sectors, has increasingly become, together with information and communications technologies, an indispensable training, work and entertainment tool in the current era. Its domain enables cooperation relations and exchange of professionals in the health sector in various countries. Objective: To design a didactic material for the development of audio-oral communicative competence in English in postgraduate medical students, through the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). Methods: A development research with a mixed approach was carried out at the Holguín University of Medical Sciences during the period March-July 2022. It was assumed the dialectical materialist method as the general conception of the research and others of the theoretical level: historical- logical, analysis and synthesis and induction deduction, systemic-structural-functional and documentary review; empirical: survey, interview and participatory observation. Results: The main difficulties were related to an insufficient treatment of audio-oral communicative competence in English, it was confirmed its importance within the teaching-learning process of English, since it establishes the general guidelines that must be followed for an effective communication. Moreover, it is instituted from a holistic view of the professional communicative act. Conclusions: The specialists assessed the material as adequate due to its structure and feasibility for its implementation. After its application, it was evidenced its effectiveness in consolidating learning in this educational level through language training.

5.
Edumecentro ; 14: e2061, 2022. graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1404631

RESUMO

RESUMEN Fundamento: el desarrollo de la comprensión lectora en inglés constituye una necesidad en la formación de los futuros profesionales de la salud, y la educación a distancia es una vía a través de la cual se puede lograr el desarrollo de esta habilidad. Objetivo: diseñar un manual didáctico para desarrollar la habilidad de comprensión lectora en los estudiantes de Medicina a través de la educación a distancia. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Holguín en el período marzo de 2019-noviembre de 2020. Se asumió el enfoque dialéctico-materialista y se emplearon los métodos del nivel teórico: análisis-síntesis, inducción-deducción, histórico-lógico y modelación; empíricos: análisis documental, observación de clases, entrevista y cuestionario; y procedimientos estadísticos. Resultados: las principales dificultades estuvieron relacionadas con el tratamiento de la comprensión lectora en las clases de inglés, así como la escasa habilidad de los estudiantes; se constató el interés en su desarrollo por su importancia en la integración de las diferentes habilidades en el proceso de comunicación, por lo que se elaboró un manual didáctico para solucionarlas mediante el empleo de la educación a distancia. Conclusiones: la labor investigativa desarrollada permitió revelar las insuficiencias en el desarrollo de la comprensión lectora en inglés. Las opiniones y valoraciones recogidas afirman que el manual contribuyó a desarrollar esa habilidad, evidenciado en el incremento de la capacidad para leer, comprender, comunicarse y escribir en un idioma extranjero.


ABSTRACT Background: the development of reading comprehension in English is a necessity in the training of future health professionals, and distance learning is a way through which the development of this skill can be achieved. Objective: to design a didactic manual to develop reading comprehension skills in Medicine students through distance learning. Methods: a descriptive study was carried out at Holguín University of Medical Sciences in from March 2019 to November 2020. The dialectical-materialist approach was assumed and the methods of the theoretical level were used: analysis-synthesis, induction-deduction, historical-logical and modeling; empirical ones: documentary analysis, class observation, interview and questionnaire; and statistical procedures. Results: the main difficulties were related to the treatment of reading comprehension in English classes, as well as the low ability of the students; The interest in its development was verified due to its importance in the integration of the different abilities in the communication process, that´s why a didactic manual was elaborated to solve them through the use of distance learning. Conclusions: the investigative work developed allowed to reveal the insufficiencies in the development of reading comprehension in English. The opinions and assessments collected affirm that the manual contributed to developing this ability, evidenced in the increase in the ability to read, understand, communicate and write in a foreign language.


Assuntos
Idioma , Educação a Distância , Educação Médica , Projetos de Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação
6.
Edumecentro ; 13(1): 133-148, ene.-mar. 2021. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1149237

RESUMO

RESUMEN Fundamento: las tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones se han convertido en recursos significativos inherentes al desarrollo de todas las esferas de la vida; por lo que resulta difícil desestimar el papel medular que tienen en el proceso enseñanza aprendizaje. Objetivo: diseñar un sistema de tareas docentes para el desarrollo de habilidades lingüísticas en inglés en estudiantes de Medicina a través del empleo de las tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones. Métodos: se realizó una investigación descriptiva en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Holguín durante el curso 2019-2020. Se asumió el método dialéctico materialista como concepción metodológica general de la investigación y se emplearon otros del nivel teórico: análisis y síntesis, inducción-deducción, sistémico-estructural-funcional y modelación; empíricos: análisis documental, encuesta, observación de clases; y procedimientos estadísticos. Resultados: las principales dificultades estuvieron relacionadas con las limitaciones en el tratamiento de las diferentes habilidades lingüísticas en inglés; se constató interés en la inclusión de las tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones en el proceso enseñanza aprendizaje por ser herramientas motivadoras para el aprendizaje, por lo que se elaboró una propuesta de tareas docentes para solucionar estos aspectos. Conclusiones: la labor investigativa desarrollada permite revelar las insuficiencias en el desarrollo de las habilidades lingüísticas en inglés. Las opiniones y valoraciones de especialistas recogidas a través del intercambio personal y análisis conjunto de los participantes permiten evidenciar la pertinencia de su aplicación.


ABSTRACT Background: information and communication technologies have become meaningful resources inherent to the development of all spheres of life; so it is difficult to underestimate the key role they play in the teaching-learning process. Objective: to design a system of teaching tasks for the development of language skills in English in medical students through the use of information and communication technologies. Methods: a descriptive research was carried out at Holguín University of Medical Sciences during the 2019-2020 academic year. The materialist dialectical method was assumed as the general methodological conception of the research and others of the theoretical level were used: analysis and synthesis, induction-deduction, systemic-structural-functional and modeling; empirical ones: documentary analysis, survey, class observation; and statistical procedures. Results: the main difficulties were related to the limitations in the treatment of the different linguistic abilities in English; Interest was found in the inclusion of information and communication technologies in the teaching-learning process because they are motivating tools for learning, so a proposal of teaching tasks was developed to solve these aspects. Conclusions: the research work carried out allows revealing the insufficiencies in the development of language skills in English. The opinions and evaluations of specialists collected through personal exchange and joint analysis of the participants make possible to demonstrate the relevance of its implementation.


Assuntos
Estudantes de Medicina , Aplicações da Informática Médica
7.
Edumecentro ; 13(2): 51-69, abr.-jun. 2021. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1286241

RESUMO

RESUMEN Fundamento: el pase de visita docente-asistencial en inglés es una modalidad de la educación en el trabajo donde se consolidan la aplicación del método clínico y las habilidades de la profesión médica. Objetivo: diseñar una metodología sobre el pase de visita docente asistencial en idioma inglés en los escenarios de la atención médica para estudiantes de quinto año de la carrera de Medicina. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo-cualitativo en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Holguín durante el período 2015-2019. Se siguió un enfoque dialéctico-materialista y se emplearon métodos del nivel teórico: análisis-síntesis, inducción-deducción e histórico-lógico; y empíricos: cuestionario a docentes, observación de pases de visita, análisis documental y el criterio de especialistas. Resultados: las principales dificultades estuvieron relacionadas fundamentalmente con el desconocimiento de los procederes organizativos y uso inadecuado del vocabulario técnico durante la actividad, por lo que se diseñó una metodología para solucionarlas, la cual contiene aspectos didácticos relacionados con la solidez en el aprendizaje del idioma y el desarrollo de habilidades de la profesión. Conclusiones: fue valorada por los especialistas como adecuada por su estructura y su factibilidad de implementación. Después de aplicada resultó efectiva para la consolidación del aprendizaje estudiantil demostrada en un mejor rendimiento académico.


ABSTRACT Background: the teaching ward round in English is a modality of in-service training where the application of the clinical method and the skills of the medical profession are consolidated. Objective: to design a methodology on the teaching ward round in English in medical care institutions for fifth-year medical students. Methods: a descriptive-qualitative study was carried out at Holguín University of Medical Sciences from 2015 to 2019. A dialectical-materialist approach was followed and theoretical level methods were used: analysis-synthesis, induction-deduction and historical-logical; and empirical ones: questionnaire to teachers, observation to teaching ward rounds, documentary analysis and the criteria of specialists. Results: the main difficulties were mainly related to ignorance of organizational procedures and inappropriate use of technical vocabulary during the activity, so a methodology was designed to solve these aspects, it contains didactic aspects related to soundness in language learning and the development of professional skills. Conclusions: it was valued by specialists as adequate due to its structure and its feasibility of implementation. Its application showed to be effective for the consolidation of students´ learning which was demonstrated by a better academic performance.


Assuntos
Estudantes de Medicina , Educação Médica , Visitas de Preceptoria , Aprendizagem
8.
Intensive Care Med ; 36(7): 1196-201, 2010 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20221748

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Tools for predicting post-ICU patients' outcomes are scarce. A single-center study showed that the Sabadell score classified patients into four groups with clear-cut differences in ward mortality. OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN: To validate the Sabadell score using a prospective multicenter approach. SETTING: Thirty-one ICUs in Spain. PATIENTS AND METHODS: All patients admitted in the 3-month study period. We recorded variables at ICU admission (age, sex, severity of illness, and do-not-resuscitate orders), during the ICU stay (ICU-specific treatments, ICU-acquired infection, and acute renal failure), and at ICU discharge (Sabadell score). Statistical analyses included one-way ANOVA and multiple regression analysis with ward mortality as the dependent variable. RESULTS: We admitted 4,132 patients (mean age 61.5 +/- 16.7 years) with mean predicted mortality of 23.8 +/- 22.7%; 545 patients (13%) died in the ICU and 3,587 (87%) were discharged to the ward. Overall ward mortality was 6.7%; ward mortality was 1.5% (36/2,422) in patients with score 0 (good prognosis), 9% (64/725) in patients with score 1 (long-term poor prognosis), 23% (79/341) in patients with score 2 (short-term poor prognosis), and 64% (63/99) in patients with score 3 (expected hospital death). Variables associated with ward mortality in the multivariate analysis were predicted risk of death (OR 1.016), ICU readmission (OR 5.9), Sabadell score 1 (OR 4.7), Sabadell score 2 (OR 15.7), and Sabadell score 3 (OR 107.2). CONCLUSION: We confirm the ability of the Sabadell score at ICU discharge to define four groups of patients with very different likelihoods of hospital survival.


Assuntos
APACHE , Estado Terminal/mortalidade , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , Alta do Paciente , Idoso , Análise de Variância , Estado Terminal/classificação , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prognóstico , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais , Estudos Prospectivos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Espanha/epidemiologia
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