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1.
Nucleic Acids Res ; 49(15): 8732-8742, 2021 09 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34365511

RESUMO

CRISPR-Cas9 generates double-stranded DNA breaks (DSBs) to activate cellular DNA repair pathways for genome editing. The repair of DSBs leads to small insertions or deletions (indels) and other complex byproducts, including large deletions and chromosomal translocations. Indels are well understood to disrupt target genes, while the other deleterious byproducts remain elusive. We developed a new in silico analysis pipeline for the previously described primer-extension-mediated sequencing assay to comprehensively characterize CRISPR-Cas9-induced DSB repair outcomes in human or mouse cells. We identified tremendous deleterious DSB repair byproducts of CRISPR-Cas9 editing, including large deletions, vector integrations, and chromosomal translocations. We further elucidated the important roles of microhomology, chromosomal interaction, recurrent DSBs, and DSB repair pathways in the generation of these byproducts. Our findings provide an extra dimension for genome editing safety besides off-targets. And caution should be exercised to avoid not only off-target damages but also deleterious DSB repair byproducts during genome editing.


Assuntos
Proteína 9 Associada à CRISPR , Sistemas CRISPR-Cas , Reparo do DNA , Edição de Genes , Animais , Células Cultivadas , Simulação por Computador , Humanos , Camundongos , Plasmídeos/genética , Deleção de Sequência , Translocação Genética
2.
Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr ; 62(19): 5113-5129, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33567903

RESUMO

Traditionally, walnuts have occupied an imperative position in the functional food market with consistently recognized nutritious and functional properties. In the past years, the lipid profile of walnuts has brought much scientific attention via linking a cascade of biological attributes and health-promoting effects. Over time, researchers have focused on diversified composition (polyphenols and vitamins) of different parts of walnut (flower, pellicle, and kernel) and emphasized their physiological significance. Consequently, a plethora of reports has emerged on the potential role of walnut consumption against a series of diseases including cancer, gut dysbiosis, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, we accumulated the updated data on composition and classification, extraction methods, and utilization of different parts of walnuts as well as associated beneficial effects under in vivo and clinical studies. Altogether, this review summarized the ameliorative effects of a walnut-enriched diet in chronic diseases which can be designated to the synergistic or individual effects of walnut components mainly through anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory role.


Assuntos
Juglans , Anti-Inflamatórios , Dieta , Nozes/química , Polifenóis/análise
3.
J Food Sci Technol ; 57(7): 2516-2523, 2020 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32549602

RESUMO

To improve the industrial yield of sodium-reduced meat products, we present a feasible method by adjusting water-immersion cooling temperatures to decrease the water loss of pork sausage during processing. The present results showed that the moisture retention capacity of sodium-reduced pork sausages (SRPS) cooled by the temperatures of 15-20 °C was larger than that of 0-10 °C. The higher cooling temperatures, especially at 20 °C, could change the movement and population of proton of inner water, decrease syneresis and facilitate the formation of homogenous cross-linked network, thus increasing the moisture retention of SRPS. Results of this work indicated that the control of cooling temperature of sodium-reduced sausages after cooking could serve as a feasible approach for improving the economic benefits and quality characteristics of the final products.

4.
Retrovirology ; 14(1): 12, 2017 02 13.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28193275

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: A20-binding inhibitor of NF-κB activation (ABIN1), an important immune regulator, was previously shown to be involved in HIV-1 replication. However, the reported studies done with overexpressed ABIN1 provided controversial results. RESULTS: Here we identified ABIN1 as a suppressor of HIV-1 transcription since transient knockdown of ABIN1 led to increased HIV-1 replication both in transformed Jurkat T cell line and in primary human CD4+ T lymphocytes. Depletion of ABIN1 specifically enhanced the HIV-1 transcription from the integrated genome during viral life cycle, but not the earlier steps such as reverse transcription or integration. Immunoprecipitation assays revealed that ABIN1 specifically inhibits the proto-oncogene HDM2 catalyzed K63-linked polyubiquitination of Tat at Lys71, which is critical for the transactivation activity of Tat. The ubiquitin chain binding activity of ABIN1 carried by UBAN domain turned out to be essential for the inhibitory role of ABIN1. The results of immunofluorescence localization experiments suggested that ABIN1 may obstruct Tat ubiquitination by redistributing some of HDM2 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings have revealed ABIN1 as intrinsic suppressor of HIV-1 mRNA transcription by regulating the ubiquitination of Tat.


Assuntos
Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/metabolismo , HIV-1/imunologia , HIV-1/fisiologia , Interações Hospedeiro-Patógeno , Transcrição Gênica , Produtos do Gene tat do Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana/antagonistas & inibidores , Produtos do Gene tat do Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana/metabolismo , Células Cultivadas , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/genética , Técnicas de Silenciamento de Genes , HIV-1/genética , Humanos , Proto-Oncogene Mas , Ubiquitinação
5.
Phytochem Anal ; 27(3-4): 153-7, 2016 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27313152

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: 5-O-Galloylquinic acid from green tea and other plants is attracting increasing attention for its antioxidant and antileishmanial bioactivities. It is always isolated using a silica column, a Sephadex column and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods, which are either laborious or instrument dependent. OBJECTIVE: To develop a new method to easily separate 5-O-galloylquinic acid. METHODOLOGY: Mesoporous zirconium phosphate (m-ZrP) was prepared to conveniently separate 5-O-galloylquinic acid from Chinese green tea extract, and the target compound was easily obtained by simple steps of adsorption, washing and desorption. The effects of the green tea extraction conditions, extract concentrations, and m-ZrP adsorption/desorption dynamics on the 5-O-galloylquinic acid separation were evaluated. RESULTS: 5-O-Galloylquinic acid that was separated from a 70% ethanol extract of green tea was of moderate HPLC purity (92%) and recovery (88%), and an increased non-specific binding of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) on m-ZrP was observed in the diluted tea extract. The times for maximal adsorption of 5-O-galloylquinic acid in 70% ethanol extract and maximal desorption of 5-O-galloylquinic acid in 0.4% phosphoric acid solution were confirmed as 7 h and 5 h, respectively. CONCLUSION: A facile method to separate 5-O-galloylquinic acid from Chinese green tea extract using m-ZrP was established. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Assuntos
Antioxidantes/isolamento & purificação , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação , Ácido Quínico/isolamento & purificação , Chá/química , Zircônio/química , Adsorção , Antioxidantes/química , Catequina/análogos & derivados , Catequina/química , Catequina/isolamento & purificação , Fracionamento Químico , Estrutura Molecular , Extratos Vegetais/química , Ácido Quínico/química
6.
Plant Sci ; 347: 112207, 2024 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39084492

RESUMO

Carotenoids play a pivotal role in plant. Tagetes erecta, commonly called marigold, has increasing nutritional and economic value due to its high level of carotenoids in flower. However, the functional genes in the carotenoid biosynthesis of T. erecta have not been studied. In this work, three T. erecta varieties with flowers of yellow, yellow-orange and orange color, respectively, were examined for carotenoids composition and corresponding expression profiling of biosynthetic genes at four developmental stages. The results indicated that the varieties with higher lutein content, orange-flower 'Juwang' and yellow-orange 'Taishan', exhibited significant upregulation of genes in the upstream biosynthesis pathway, especially PDS (phytoene desaturase), PSY (phytoene synthase) and ZDS (zeta-carotene desaturase), whereas downstream carotenoid cleavage genes CCD (carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase) were markedly downregulated throughout flower development in the highest lutein containing variety 'Juwang'. Furthermore, marigold TePDS, TePSYS3 and TeZDS were isolated and transformed into tomato. Overexpression of TePDS or TeZDS resulted in the promotion of fruit ripening and accumulation of carotenoids in the transgenic lines. On the other hand, marigold TePSYS3 showed multiple effects, not only on fruit carotenogenesis but also on pigmentation patterns in vegetative tissues and plant growth. Taken together, the variations in expression profiles of the biosynthetic genes contribute to dynamic change in carotenoid levels and diversity of flower coloration in T. erecta. These functional genes of T. erecta were verified in tomato and provide targets for genetic improvement of fruit carotenoids accumulation.


Assuntos
Carotenoides , Flores , Frutas , Pigmentação , Solanum lycopersicum , Tagetes , Tagetes/metabolismo , Tagetes/genética , Carotenoides/metabolismo , Solanum lycopersicum/genética , Solanum lycopersicum/metabolismo , Solanum lycopersicum/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Flores/genética , Flores/metabolismo , Flores/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Frutas/genética , Frutas/metabolismo , Frutas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Pigmentação/genética , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Plantas Geneticamente Modificadas/genética
7.
Food Chem ; 457: 140092, 2024 Nov 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38901347

RESUMO

The main bioavailable phenolics from of Gongju (GJ) and their mechanism for hepato-protection remain unclear. To select the GJ phenolics with high bioavailability, chrysanthemum digestion and Caco-2 cells were used and their hepato-protective potential were examined by using AML-12 cells. The digestive recovery and small intestinal transit rate of the main phenolic compounds ranged from 28.52 to 69.53% and 6.57% âˆ¼ 15.50%, respectively. Among them, chlorogenic acid, 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, and 1,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, showed higher small intestinal transit rates and digestive recoveries. Furthermore, we found that by increasing intracellular Catalase (CAT) and Superoxide dismutase (SOD) viability and lowering Malondialdehyde (MDA) level (P < 0.05), 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid significantly mitigated the oxidative damage of AML-12 liver cells more than the other two phenolics. Our results demonstrated that 3,5-dicaffeoylquninic acid was the primary phenolic compounds in GJ that effectively reduced liver damage, providing a theoretical basis for the development of GJ as a potentially useful resource for hepatoprotective diet.


Assuntos
Chrysanthemum , Estresse Oxidativo , Fenóis , Chrysanthemum/química , Humanos , Fenóis/química , Fenóis/farmacologia , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/química , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular , Malondialdeído/metabolismo , Células CACO-2 , Catalase/metabolismo , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/química
8.
Food Chem ; 463(Pt 4): 141506, 2024 Oct 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39368202

RESUMO

To improve the stability and bioavailabilityhe of polyphenolics in Lycium barbarum leaf, this study encapsulated L. barbarum leaf extracts (LLE) within whey protein isolate (WPI) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) nanoparticles (NPs) via self-assembly to enhance polyphenol distribution. The physicochemical properties of nanoparticles were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric (TG), respectively. The nanoparticles also showed good physical stability at various temperatures, different pH and NaCl concentrations. Compared with BSA-LLE NPs, WPI-LLE NPs exhibited strong physical stability with encapsulation efficiency of 70.6 %. The polyphenol nanoparticles demonstrated enhanced stability in the presence of stomach acid during in vitro simulated digestion. Additionally, the nanoparticles enhanced polyphenol stability during simulated gastrointestinal digestion. Following intestinal digestion, compared with LLE, the bioaccessibility of total phenolic increased by 53.67 % (WPI-LLE NPs), with specific enhancement in compounds like kaempferol, rutin, and chlorogenic acid.

9.
Food Chem ; 451: 139521, 2024 Sep 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38703735

RESUMO

This study explored the use of ionic liquid-ultrasound (ILU)-assisted extraction to enhance the extraction rate of Platycodon grandiflorum saponins (PGSs), and the content, extraction mechanism, antioxidant activity, whitening, and antiaging activity of PGSs prepared using ILU, ultrasound-water, thermal reflux-ethanol, and cellulase hydrolysis were compared. The ILU method particularly disrupted the cell wall, improved PGS extraction efficiency, and yielded a high total saponin content of 1.45 ± 0.02 mg/g. Five monomeric saponins were identified, with platycodin D being the most abundant at 1.357 mg/g. PGSs displayed excellent in vitro antioxidant activity and exhibited inhibitory effects on tyrosinase, elastase, and hyaluronidase. The results suggest that PGSs may have broad antioxidant, skin-whitening, and antiaging potential to a large extent. Overall, this study provided valuable insights into the extraction, identification, and bioactivities of PGSs, which could serve as a reference for future development and application of these compounds in the functional foods industry.


Assuntos
Antioxidantes , Líquidos Iônicos , Extratos Vegetais , Platycodon , Saponinas , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/isolamento & purificação , Saponinas/farmacologia , Saponinas/química , Saponinas/isolamento & purificação , Platycodon/química , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação , Líquidos Iônicos/química , Envelhecimento da Pele/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Ondas Ultrassônicas
10.
Heliyon ; 10(18): e37549, 2024 Sep 30.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39309929

RESUMO

Since time immortal, people have used the well-known Chinese Chaenomeles fruit Xuan-Mugua for both traditional medicine and nourishment. With an aim to explore the digestive and antioxidant properties of the phenolics, Xuan-Mugua peel and pulp were extracted, digested and analyzed in vitro. Our results indicated that the total phenolics content (TPC), total flavonoids content (TFC) and the antioxidant activity of the peel were 3.24-8.89 times higher than that of pulp. The contents and activity of the peel and pulp consistently dropped in the sequence of oral, gastric, and small intestine digestions, from 22.78 % to 52.16 %. With a level of 1.590 ± 0.060 and 0.395 ± 0.015 mg g-1 dried weight in the peel and pulp, respectively, chlorogenic acid was the primary phenolic ingredient in Xuan-Mugua, with a promising recovery (81.39-82.23 %) during the digestion. According to these results, Xuan-Mugua exhibited an appreciable level of phenolic content and antioxidant activity during digestion, making it a suitable ingredient for use in functional foods.

11.
Nat Cell Biol ; 26(2): 294-304, 2024 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38263276

RESUMO

Base editors (BEs) introduce base substitutions without double-strand DNA cleavage. Besides precise substitutions, BEs generate low-frequency 'stochastic' byproducts through unclear mechanisms. Here, we performed in-depth outcome profiling and genetic dissection, revealing that C-to-G BEs (CGBEs) generate substantial amounts of intermediate double-strand breaks (DSBs), which are at the centre of several byproducts. Imperfect DSB end-joining leads to small deletions via end-resection, templated insertions or aberrant transversions during end fill-in. Chromosomal translocations were detected between the editing target and off-targets of Cas9/deaminase origin. Genetic screenings of DNA repair factors disclosed a central role of abasic site processing in DSB formation. Shielding of abasic sites by the suicide enzyme HMCES reduced CGBE-initiated DSBs, providing an effective way to minimize DSB-triggered events without affecting substitutions. This work demonstrates that CGBEs can initiate deleterious intermediate DSBs and therefore require careful consideration for therapeutic applications, and that HMCES-aided CGBEs hold promise as safer tools.


Assuntos
Ácidos Alcanossulfônicos , Quebras de DNA de Cadeia Dupla , Translocação Genética , Humanos , Reparo do DNA por Junção de Extremidades , Reparo do DNA/genética , Sistemas CRISPR-Cas
12.
Curr Res Food Sci ; 7: 100559, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37600464

RESUMO

Bread was prepared using wheat flour with grape seed proanthocyanidin (GSP) (0.4%). GSP improved the textural properties of bread including hardness, cohesiviness, gumminess and chewiness. At the last stage of fermentation, GSP reinforced the gluten microstructure with increased the disulfide bonds and hydrophobic interaction and α-helix in the secondary structures. Moreover, GSP addition could increase the total phenolics and antioxidative acitivity of the bread significantly. In addition, the degree of fermentation had a strong influence on the dough forces, and the reasonable control of bread fermentation time was beneficial to improve the bread quality, which provided a reference for the bread processing industry.

13.
Heliyon ; 9(5): e16226, 2023 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37215918

RESUMO

To evaluate the release and activity of Indian jujube phenolics in vivo, its peel and pulp were subjected to simulated digestions. The phenolics content and antioxidant activity of the digested samples were determined. The results showed that the total phenolics/flavonoids in the peel were respectively 4.63 and 4.48 times higher than that in the pulp. The release of phenolics and flavonoids respectively increased by 79.75% and 39.98% in the peel and 86.34% and 23.54% in the pulp after the intestinal digestion. The correlation between the total phenolics/flavonoids and antioxidant activity was higher in the peel (r > 0.858, p < 0.01) than that in the pulp. The phenolics profiles of the peel were almost the same after the digestion, and four phenolics including naringenin tri-glycoside, quercetin-3-O-[(2-hexosyl)-6-rhamnosyl] -hexoside, quercetin-3-O-pentosylhexoside and quercetin-3-O-(2-pentosyl -rhamnoside)-4'-O-rhamnoside were found to be the main flavonoids of Indian jujube peel, and they showed high recovery (>89.88%) during the digestion, implying that these phenolics may play a vital role in the function of Indian jujubes.

14.
J Food Biochem ; 46(12): e14458, 2022 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36265159

RESUMO

The phenolics are the main bioactive substances of Huangshan Gongju, a famous chrysanthemum of China, but their digestive characteristics are still unknown. To explore the digestive properties of Huangshan Gongju phenolics, the flower was extracted and subjected to simulated digestions, and their phenolic profile and activity were analyzed. The results indicated that the total phenolics content and antioxidant activity of the extract varied with the simulated digestion steps, and they generally decreased in the oral and small intestine digestions but increased in the gastric digestion, and high correlations were detected between the total phenolics content and antioxidant activity (0.873 < r < 0.979, p < .01). The change of phenolic profile during the simulated digestions was similar to that of total phenolics content, and six individual phenolics were identified and quantified, and three of them, including chlorogenic acid, apigenin-7-O-rutinoside, and apigenin-7-O-6″-acetylglucoside showed higher recovery (>64.29%), implying they may be the main functional phenolics of Huangshan Gongju. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: This study proved that most phenolics in Huangshan Gongju were relatively stable during digestion. The finding may guarantee the application of Huangshan Gongju in the field of functional foods.


Assuntos
Antioxidantes , Chrysanthemum , Fenóis , Extratos Vegetais , Digestão
15.
Food Chem ; 390: 133154, 2022 Oct 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35584576

RESUMO

We evaluated the in vitro digestibility of apple polyphenols mimicking elderly and adult digestion models (dynamic and static systems). The digestibility of total apple polyphenols in small intestine was much higher in the adult dynamic system (62 µg/100 g fresh apple) compared to the static system (20 µg/100 g fresh apple) and elderly dynamic digestion conditions (33 µg/100 g fresh apple). Elderly in vitro static digestion showed better antioxidant activity than the adult system (OH and ABTS+ methods). Thus, the in vitro dynamic digestion system can more truly reflect the digestion of apple polyphenols than static digestion system. Moreover, elderly digestion conditions negatively influenced the digestibility of apple polyphenols including chlorogenic acid, epicatechin, phlorizin, rutin, phloretin, hyperoside, proanthocyanidin B2, and quercetin. Hence, appropriate selection of in vitro digestion models for elderly is a prerequisite to exploring the digestibility of phytochemicals for the development of functional food products for elderly.


Assuntos
Catequina , Malus , Adulto , Idoso , Antioxidantes , Ácido Clorogênico , Digestão , Humanos , Polifenóis
16.
Genome Instab Dis ; 2(2): 115-125, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33817557

RESUMO

The adaptive immune system can diversify the antigen receptors to eliminate various pathogens through programmed DNA lesions at antigen receptor genes. In immune diversification, general DNA repair machineries are applied to transform the programmed DNA lesions into gene mutation or recombination events with common and unique features. Here we focus on antibody class switch recombination (CSR), and review the initiation of base damages, the conversion of damaged base to DNA double-strand break, and the ligation of broken ends. With an emphasis on the unique features in CSR, we discuss recent advances in the understanding of DNA repair/replication coordination, and ERCC6L2-mediated deletional recombination. We further elaborate the application of CSR in end-joining, resection and translesion synthesis assays. In the time of the COVID-19 pandemic, we hope it help to understand the generation of therapeutic antibodies.

17.
Nat Prod Res ; 35(9): 1459-1464, 2021 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31434500

RESUMO

A new isoflavone glycoside, named 3'-hydroxytectorigenin-7-O-ß-D-xylosyl-(1→6)-ß-D-glucopyranoside (1) was isolated from the flowers of Pueraria montana var. lobata (Willd.) Sanjappa & Pradeep. The structure of compound 1 was characterised by HR-ESI-MS and NMR spectroscopic methods. In radical scavenging activity test using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), compound 1 showed moderate activity with IC50 value of 42 ± 4.2 µg/mL.


Assuntos
Flores/química , Glicosídeos/isolamento & purificação , Isoflavonas/isolamento & purificação , Pueraria/química , Compostos de Bifenilo/química , Sequestradores de Radicais Livres/química , Glicosídeos/química , Concentração Inibidora 50 , Isoflavonas/química , Picratos/química
18.
Food Chem ; 355: 129500, 2021 Sep 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33780794

RESUMO

Noodles were prepared using wheat flour supplemented with 1%, 3%, and 5% grape seed power (GSP). The farinograph properties of wheat flour, the textural properties of the dough, and thermal properties of the gluten were determined. The microstructure was analyzed by scanning electron and atomic force microscopy, and the effects of the addition of GSP on the physicochemical and structural properties (free sulfhydryl content, surface hydrophobic region, and secondary structure) of wheat gluten protein were analyzed. 1% GSP promoted the aggregation of gluten proteins by promoting hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonding, thus enhanced the noodle quality. Whereas, 3% and 5% GSP addition disrupted the disulfide bonds between gluten protein molecules and formed macromolecular aggregates linked to gluten proteins through non-covalent bonds and hydrophobic interactions, which prevented the formation of the gluten protein reticulation structure. Our study emphasized the interaction between wheat proteins and GSP in noodle making dough.


Assuntos
Fenômenos Químicos , Farinha/análise , Manipulação de Alimentos , Glutens/química , Extrato de Sementes de Uva/química , Triticum/química , Interações Hidrofóbicas e Hidrofílicas
19.
Food Chem Toxicol ; 147: 111875, 2021 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33227389

RESUMO

Huangshan Gongju was extracted with organic solvents (ethanol, methanol and acetone) of different concentrations (0-90%), and the extracts' phenolic content and antioxidant activity, as well as the correlations between them were examined. With the increasing concentration of organic solvent, the total phenolic compound (TPC) increased continuously and met its maximum at 70% acetone, whereas the total flavonoid compound (TFC) and most individual phenolics met their maximums at 70% ethanol. Similar changes occurred to the antioxidant activity, including DPPH and ABTS scavenging activities, and their maximums were respectively found at 50% acetone and 70% ethanol. The antioxidant activity correlated strongly with TPC/TFC (r > 0.954, p < 0.01) and individual phenolics (r > 0.886, p < 0.05), and the strongest correlations between them were mainly given by luteolin-7-O-glucoside (r > 0.975, p < 0.001). These results suggested that high content organic solvent (50-70%) was beneficial to obtain Huangshan Gongju extracts of higher phenolic content and antioxidant activity, and 70% ethanol may be the promising solvent. Besides, phenolics were found to be the main antioxidants of Huangshan Gongju extracts, and flavonoids especially luteolin-7-O-glucoside may play more important roles in the antioxidant activity.


Assuntos
Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Asteraceae/química , Fenóis/química , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/química , Solventes/química
20.
Food Chem Toxicol ; 135: 110941, 2020 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31697970

RESUMO

Bamboo leaves soups were subjected to in vitro digestion (including separated oral, gastric and small intestinal digestions, and complete digestion containing above three stages), and their phenolics and antioxidant activities were determined. Compared to control groups, total phenolic content (TPC) in treated groups (including undigested and digested groups) increased at gastric digestion stage but decreased at other digestion stages, and the decrease in small intestinal digestion stage (19.97%) was nearly the same with that in complete digestion stage (19.39%). The antioxidant activity in digested groups almost changed accordingly to their TPC but with no significant difference (p > 0.05) as compared with undigested groups; similar results were found in four main individual phenolics including cryptochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, neochlorogenic acid and isoorientin, and their contents were negatively correlated to the pH value of digestion buffers (-0.68 < r < -0.80, p < 0.01). These results indicated that the change of phenolic content and antioxidant activity in digested bamboo leaves soups mainly resulted from the pH of digestion buffers rather than digestive enzymes. In addition, the decrease of phenolics may mainly occur at small intestinal digestion stage where the pH value is the highest in the digestive system.


Assuntos
Digestão , Sequestradores de Radicais Livres/química , Fenóis/química , Extratos Vegetais/química , Folhas de Planta/química , Poaceae/química , Sequestradores de Radicais Livres/análise , Fenóis/análise , Extratos Vegetais/análise
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