Optimized adaptation algorithms for low-complexity adaptive equalizers.

In order to address the high-power consummation issue of conventional multi-input and multi-output (MIMO) adaptive equalizer (AEQ) for short-reach coherent transmissions, several state-of-the-art low-complexity AEQs have been proposed. In our work, optimized adaptation algorithms for low-complexity real-valued (RV) AEQs with different structures are analyzed. Moreover, an approach to avoid introducing additional computational complexity due to the optimized adaptation process is presented here. The advantages of proposed optimized adaptation algorithms are experimentally demonstrated in a 25 Gbaud dual-polarization 16-quadrature-amplitude-modulation (DP-16QAM) back-to-back (BtB) intradyne system with an overall bandwidth of 14 GHz. Experimental results show that a similar performance as the conventional AEQ could be achieved by using proposed adaptation algorithms and reducing the number of multiplications with up to ∼65%.

Single-carrier 800-Gb/s self-homodyne coherent transmission of DP-16QAM, DP-32QAM, and DP-64QAM with uncooled DFB laser.

Self-homodyne detection (SHD) is a promising approach to realize high-capacity short-reach optical transmission systems with low cost and low power consumption. We experimentally demonstrate single-carrier net 800-Gb/s SHD transmission with low-cost ∼MHz linewidth distributed feedback (DFB) laser over 2 km, 10 km, 25 km, and 40 km single-mode fiber (SMF) using three different quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) formats, including 80-Gbaud dual-polarization (DP) 64QAM, 100-Gbaud DP-32QAM, and 120-Gbaud DP-16QAM. Among them, net 800-Gb/s DP-64QAM SHD transmission over 25 km SMF using an uncooled DFB laser with a linewidth of 2.6 MHz is experimentally verified. The detailed experimental performance evaluation of net 800Gb/s SHD system is performed, in which various configurations are considered, such as different laser linewidths, three QAM formats, and different transmission distances. DFB lasers with linewidths of 1 MHz and 2.6 MHz lead to negligible penalty when compared to the same SHD system but using an external cavity laser (ECL) with a linewidth of 26kHz in back-to-back (BTB) case. 80-Gbaud DP-64QAM obtains the highest optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) requirement and the highest bit-error rate (BER) floor but the best tolerance of chromatic dispersion (CD). 120-Gbaud DP-16QAM achieves the lowest OSNR requirement and the lowest BER floor but the worst tolerance of CD. The detailed experimental investigation is conducive to promote the practical application of SHD in different short-reach scenarios.

Determining femtosecond laser fluence for surface engineering of transparent conductive thin films by single shot irradiation.

In recent years, there has been increasing interest in optoelectronic applications of transparent conductive oxide (TCO) thin-film-based materials and devices fabricated using patterning techniques. Meanwhile, femtosecond laser processing is a convenient method that further improves the performance of TCO-based functional devices and expands their application prospects. In this study, we proposed a simple and effective strategy to determine the fluences required for laser processing TCOs. We investigated the modification of an indium tin oxide (ITO) film induced by a femtosecond laser (45/150 fs, 800 nm) at different pulse fluences. The results reveal that the laser modification of ITO films is highly dependent on the irradiated pulse fluences. Several distinct types of final micro/nanostructures were observed and may be attributed to superficial amorphization, spallation ablation, stress-assisted delamination, boiling evaporation, and phase explosion. The final micro/nanostructures were studied in detail using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and a surface profiler. At a lower fluence above the melting but below the ablation threshold, a laterally parabolic amorphous layer profiled with maximum thicknesses of several tens of nanometers was quantitatively attained. At a higher fluence, stress-assisted delamination and superheated liquid-induced micro-honeycomb structures emerged. Furthermore, the electron and lattice temperature evolutions were also obtained using a two-temperature model to prove the ablation mechanism and ascertain the micro/nanostructure formation principle. The predicted surface temperatures confirmed film amorphization without ablation below 0.23 J/cm2. These results reveal the interaction mechanism between femtosecond laser pulse and ITO film including the competition between the free electron heating of intraband transition and the multiphoton absorption of the interband transition, which promotes the potential applications for femtosecond laser processing TCO films and other wide-band-gap semiconductors such as photodetectors, solar cells, UV-light-emitting diodes, and flat-panel displays.

RF signal detection by a tunable optoelectronic oscillator based on a PS-FBG.

Low-power radio frequency (RF) signal detection is highly desirable for many applications, ranging from wireless communication to radar systems. A tunable optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) based on a phase-shifted fiber Bragg grating for detecting low-power RF signals is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. When the frequency of the input RF signal is matched with the potential oscillation mode of the OEO, it is detected and amplified. The frequency of the RF signal under detection can be estimated simultaneously by scanning the wavelength of the laser source. The RF signals from 1.5 to 5 GHz as low as -91 dBm are detected with a gain of about 10 dB, and the frequency is estimated with an error of ±100 MHz. The performance of the OEO system for detecting an RF signal with different modulation rates is also investigated.

[Annual review of capillary electrophoresis technology in 2023].

This paper serves as an annual review of capillary electrophoresis (CE) technology for 2023. The journals were selected based on their impact factor (IF), a universally recognized academic performance metric, combined with experimental work closely related to CE technology, to facilitate the rapid acquisition of significant research and application advancements in CE technology in 2023. A thematic search of the ISI Web of Science database yielded 669 research papers on CE technology published in 2023. This review highlights five experimental papers published in journals with IFs greater than 10.0, including Nature Communications, Nucleic Acids Research, Engineering, Journal of Medical Virology, and Carbohydrate Polymers, and 31 experimental papers from representative journals with IFs between 5.0 and 10.0, such as Analytical Chemistry, Analytica Chimica Acta, Talanta, and Food Chemistry. It also provides an overview of experimental research in journals with focused reporting on CE technology but with IFs less than 5.0, such as Journal of Chromatography A and Electrophoresis, as well as significant experimental research from key domestic Chinese core journals (Peking University). In 2023, all the latest scientific advancements reported in journals with an IF greater than 10.0 utilized previously reported CE methods, offering new breakthroughs for the promotion and application of CE technology. Additionally, new applications of CE in conjunction with mass spectrometry remained a hot topic. An increase in reports on the hardware aspects of CE, such as 3D printing and underwater systems, and significant breakthroughs in the analysis of non-solution samples, such as solid particles, cell vesicles, cells, viruses, and bacteria, was noted. CE is advantageous for the analysis of drugs and their components. In Chinese journals, the number of papers on CE applications exceeded that in previous years, with particular focus on the field of printing for new applications.

[Annual review of capillary electrophoresis technology in 2022].

This article provides a detailed review of capillary electrophoresis (CE) technology in 2022, summarizing a total of 881 CE technology-related articles searched from ISI Web of Science using the keywords "capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry" or "capillary isoelectric focusing" or "micellar electrokinetic chromatography" or "capillary electrophoresis" (excluding "capillary electrochromatography""microchip" "microfluidic" "capillary monolithic column"). The review focuses on 16 articles published in Lancet Global Health, ACS Central Science, Microbiome, Trends in Food Science & Technology, TrAC-Trends in Analytical Chemistry, Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle, Food Hydrocolloids, Science of the Total Environment, and Carbohydrate Polymers with impact factors (IFs) greater than 10.0, and 46 articles published in Analytical Chemistry, Analytica Chimica Acta, Talanta, and Food Chemistry with IFs between 5.0 and 10.0. A comprehensive overview of representative CE works published in Journal of Chromatography A, Electrophoresis, and important Chinese core journals (Peking University) with IFs<5.0 is also provided. Based on IFs, this review introduces representative works on CE to facilitate readers' understanding of important research advances in CE technology over the last year.

Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Prostate-Specific Antigen Screening Among Chinese Men.

OBJECTIVES: To analyze the cost-effectiveness of prostate cancer screening among Chinese men. METHODS: A cost-effectiveness analysis was performed from a societal perspective using a Markov model to compare 2 strategies: the population-based screening strategy and the current clinical diagnostic strategy. Relevant parameters were retrieved from published literature data and surveys, and univariate sensitivity analysis was used to assess the robustness of the model. We simulated the health outcomes for the next 25 years for 100 000 men and calculated the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER). RESULTS: This study found that the population-based screening strategy, compared with the clinical diagnostic strategy, could save 756.61 quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) for the hypothetical population. The ICER for the population-based screening strategy was ¥14 747.11/QALY, and this value was less than the willingness-to-pay threshold of ¥64 520. With life-year gains (LYGs) as the model output, the population-based screening strategy yielded an ICER of ¥16 470.45/LYG. The univariate sensitivity analyses showed that the ICER was sensitive to the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test fee, the proportion diagnosed with low-grade prostate cancer (PC) in the population-based strategy, and the proportion diagnosed with intermediate-grade PC in the population-based strategy. CONCLUSIONS: Prostate cancer screening based on PSA test results appears to be cost-effective for Chinese men who are in good health and have a life expectancy of more than 10 years. Nevertheless, this finding needs to be further studied with more treatment cost parameters (treatment costs related to impotence and urinary incontinence) and using local utility value information.