The effect of flowable composite lining thickness with various curing techniques on microleakage in class II composite restorations: an in vitro study.

AIM: Aim of this study was to compare class II composite restoration using flowable composites as lining with various thickness and curing techniques by evaluating cervical marginal microleakage. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty intact molars, each prepared with two box-only class II cavities, were randomly divided into five groups: Group I, P60 filling alone; group II, ultrathin flowable composite lining (0.5-1mm) cocured with overlying composite; group III, thin lining (1-1.5) cocured with overlying composite; group IV, ultrathin lining (0.5-1 mm) precured and group V, thin lining (1-1.5) precured. The teeth were then thermocycled for 1500 cycles (between 5 and 60 °C) and immersed in dye for 24 hours. Cervical microleakage was measured as the extent of dye penetration. RESULTS: Cocured specimens (groups II and III) showed least microleakage and control specimens (group I) showed maximum microleakage. On comparison of curing techniques, cocured specimens (groups II and III) showed less microleakage than precured (groups IV and V). On comparison of lining thickness and type of curing, group IV showed less microleakage than group V. Groups II and III were statistically not significant. CONCLUSION: It was concluded from the results that ultrathin cocured flowable composite lining specimens improved the marginal sealing with decreased microleakage. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: In this study, the application of additional flowable composite lining with various thicknesses presented different influences in marginal quality of class II box only composite restorations. A new technique applying an ultrathin flowable composite lining with cocuring technique improved the marginal sealing with decreased microleakage. Restorations with thin lining presented reduced marginal integrity after thermocycling.

Clinical usability of vasundhara's transit for gutta-percha (V transit GP) - A questionnaire-based survey.

Context: The lack of a suitable armamentarium to aid in the disinfection and handling of gutta-percha (GP) cones during obturation has been a common challenge amongst dentists. Aims: This study assessed the clinical usability of 'Vasundhara's (V) Transit GP' through a questionnaire-based survey. Settings and Design: This questionnaire-based study was conducted in Davanagere, Karnataka, in February 2021 for 4 months. Methods and Material: The design was 3D printed using a heat-resistant polypropylene material and named 'Vasundhara's Transit for Gutta Percha (V Transit GP)'. Eighteen postgraduate students participated in the study. Fourteen cases were done by each student, seven without and seven with the use of 'V Transit GP'. The GP cones, before obturation, were transferred to their respective canal slots containing 5.25% sodium hypochlorite for one minute and then transferred to their respective distilled water slots. The cones were dried with sterile gauze and taken for obturation. At the end of the procedure, a questionnaire was handed out, the responses were recorded, and the results were tabulated and analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22.0 software. Results: The results showed that without the use of 'V Transit GP', 84.2% of the dentists felt that the disinfection and handling of GP cones were difficult, whereas with the use of 'V Transit GP', 94.2% of the participants found it to be extremely easy. Conclusions: 'V Transit GP' proved to be an extremely efficient and user-friendly equipment for easy handling and disinfection of GP cones during obturation.

Design and working of "Vasundhara's model for elementary endodontic training": A novel preclinical endodontic model.

Context: This is a novel preclinical endodontic model "Vasundhara's model for elementary endodontic training," featuring easy and convenient way for enhancing the skills of elementary endodontic procedures, simulating the clinical situation for endodontic teaching purposes. This article highlights the need, steps of fabrication of the model, and usage of the same for the universal benefit of the learners of endodontic techniques. Aims: The aim is to describe the design and usage of a novel preclinical endodontic model which is simple, convenient, easy to fabricate, and cost-effective. Settings and Design: Extracted teeth were selected and a pan radiograph was taken. Alginate was poured into metal jaws, followed by embedding of the teeth. Dental stone was then coated over the alginate. This assembly was then screwed to phantom head. A wire was attached to phantom head contacting the alginate for completing the circuit, forming an arc to which lip clip of apex locator could be attached. Conclusions: This novel cost-effective model for practicing preclinical endodontic techniques is simple, easy to design, and is a step forward toward mastering endodontic techniques.

Cytotoxicity evaluation of fungal-derived silver nanoparticles on human gingival fibroblast cell line: An in vitro study.

BACKGROUND: Biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been proposed as effective antimicrobial agents against endo-perio pathogens. Determination of cytotoxicity is important for effective clinical use. AIM: The aim is to determine the cytotoxicity of fungal-derived AgNPs on human gingival fibroblast (HGF) cell line using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. MATERIALS AND METHODS: HGF cell cultures were trypsinized and adjusted to 5 × 103 cells/ml and 100-µl cell suspension (50,000 cells/well) and were added to 96-well plate. After 24 h, 100 µl of AgNPs (8-512-µg/ml concentrations) was added and incubated at 37°C for 24 h in 5% CO2 atmosphere. Controls were used without AgNPs. MTT (1 mg/ml) was added and incubated for 4 h at 37°C in 5% CO2 atmosphere. Microscopic examination was done, and absorbance was measured using a microplate reader at a wavelength of 540 nm. Percentage growth inhibition was calculated, and the concentration of AgNPs needed to inhibit cell growth by 50% (CTC50) was generated. RESULTS: CTC50 was found at a concentration of 260 µg/ml. AgNPs exerted less cytotoxicity against HGF cell line and increased with increase in the concentration of AgNPs. CONCLUSION: Fungal-derived AgNPs are safe to healthy cells at a concentration <260 µg/ml. Therefore, they can be effectively used for the treatment of endo-perio lesions.

Antibiofilm efficacy of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles against endodontic-periodontal pathogens: An in vitro study.

BACKGROUND: Endodontic-periodontal pathogens exist as biofilms which are difficult to eliminate. Biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) emerged as newer antimicrobial agents with potential benefits. AIM: The aim of this study is to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC); evaluate the antibiofilm efficacy of fungal-derived AgNPs against Porphyromonas gingivalis, Bacillus pumilus, and Enterococcus faecalis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MIC of AgNPs against test pathogens was determined using micro broth dilution method. Serial dilutions of AgNPs ranging from 80 to 1 µg/ml concentration were added to wells containing 10 µl of bacterial inoculum in culture media and control group without AgNPs. For biofilm models, 120 dentin blocks were prepared, sterilized, and contaminated for 2 weeks with (n = 40 each). Group 1: B. pumilus, Group 2: E. faecalis, and Group 3: P. gingivalis and each group is divided into four subgroups (n = 10 each) and treated with distilled water, AgNPs, 2% and 0.2% chlorhexidine (CHX). Colonies counted after 24 h of incubation and statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey tests. RESULTS: MIC for B. pumilus was determined as 20 µg/ml and 30 µg/ml for E. faecalis and P. gingivalis. AgNPs were effective as 2% CHX against all biofilms compared to control group. Post hoc Tukey test (P < 0.0001) shows no significant difference between groups. CONCLUSION: Fungal-derived AgNPs are effective against endo-perio pathogens.

Antibacterial Efficacy of Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles against Enterococcus faecalis Biofilm: An in vitro Study.

AIM: This study aims to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) produced using the fungi against Enterococcus faecalis biofilm model on root dentin. MATERIALS AND METHODS: AgNPs were biosynthesized using the fungi Fusarium semitectum isolated from healthy leaves of Withania somnifera. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of AgNPs was determined by microbroth dilution method using series of dilutions. MIC dose was standardized to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy. For biofilm model, thirty root dentin blocks prepared using human extracted single-rooted teeth were inoculated with E. faecalis in Trypticase soy agar broth for 2 weeks with alternate day replenishment and randomly divided into three groups (n = 10 each) and treated as: Group I: Sterile distilled water, Group II: AgNPs, and Group III: 2% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) and incubated at 37°C for 24 h. Each dentin block was rinsed in saline, vortex shaken for 60 s, and serial decimal dilutions were prepared and plated on trypticase soy agar plates and incubated for 24 h followed by CFU colony counting and statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by post hoc Tukey honestly significant difference test. RESULTS: MIC of AgNPs for E. faecalis was determined as 30 mg/ml. No significant difference was seen between AgNPs and 2% CHX when compared to the control group with mean colony counts being 2.4, 2.5, and 6.77 CFU/ml (107), respectively (P < 0.0001), against E. faecalis biofilm. CONCLUSION: Biosynthesized AgNPs exhibit effective antimicrobial activity against E. faecalis biofilm on root dentin. Therefore, it can be employed as antimicrobial agent for root canal disinfection.

Evaluation of Antibacterial Efficacy of Fungal-Derived Silver Nanoparticles against Enterococcus faecalis.

BACKGROUND: The main objective of endodontic therapy is complete elimination and prevention of bacteria from the root canal system; however, it is difficult due to anatomical ramifications of root canal system and growing resistant microbes to available disinfectants. Therefore, to overcome this problem, newer antimicrobial agents have to be developed. AIMS: The aim of the study was to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of fungal-derived biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) against Enterococcus faecalis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Freshly prepared silver nanoparticles using the endophytic fungi Fusarium semitectum, characterized by different techniques were used to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy against E. faecalis by agar well diffusion method measuring the zone of inhibition using different concentrations of nanoparticles (AgNPs) (A [20 µl], B [40 µl], C [60 µl], D [80 µl], and E [100 µl]), F (0.2% chlorhexidine [CHX]), G (2% CHX), H (ampicillin), and I (distilled water) were used as control groups. Statistical Analysis Used: One-way ANOVA followed by post hoc Tukey multiple comparison test was done. RESULTS: AgNPs (100 ml) showed highest zone of inhibition 19.5 mm against E. faecalis. CHX (0.2%) 14.52 mm, CHX (2%) 20.02 mm, and ampicillin showed highest mean zone of inhibition 20.5 mm and distilled water showed no zone of inhibition. Results indicate no significant difference between E (100 µl), G (2% CHX), and H (ampicillin) (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Biosynthesized AgNPs exhibit efficient antibacterial activity against E. faecalis and therefore can be used as root canal irrigant or intracanal medicament for root canal disinfection.

Biosynthesis, Characterization and Antibacterial Efficacy of Silver Nanoparticles Derived from Endophytic Fungi against P. gingivalis.

INTRODUCTION: Microbial resistance to existing antimicrobial agents in periodontal therapy is a growing problem. Therefore, there is a need for development of new antimicrobial agents. AIM: To biosynthesize and characterize Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) using endophytic fungi and to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy against P. gingivalis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cut leaf segments of Withania Somnifera (Ashwagandha) were used to isolate the fungi. Fresh cultures of fungi were inoculated in Erlenmeyer flask of 100 ml Malt Glucose Yeast Peptone (MGYP) broth and incubated at 29°C for 72 hours for the biomass to grow. Biomass was filtered and cell free fungal filtrate was used further. Biosynthesized AgNPs were characterized by visual observation, Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometer, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Selected Area Electron Diffraction Analysis (SAED) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Antibacterial efficacy was evaluated by agar diffusion method measuring the zone of inhibition. The study groups included different concentrations of AgNPs: A (20 µl), B (40 µl), C (60 µl), D (80 µl) and E (100 µl) of AgNPs, F (0.2% CHX), G (2% CHX), H (Ampicillin) and I (sterile distilled water). The data collected for inhibition zones were statistically analysed using One-way Anova followed by Tukey post-hoc multiple comparison tests. RESULTS: The fungi were identified as Fusarium semitectum. Characterization studies showed the colour change from colourless to reddish brown; U-V spectrum showed peak 420 nm, TEM revealed the particles spherical in shape and 10-20 nm in size. FTIR analysis revealed the presence of functional groups. AgNPs 80 µl and 100 µl showed mean zone of inhibition 17.33 and 18 mm against P. gingivalis. CHX (0.2%) 17.85 and CHX (2%) 19.97 mm, Ampicillin 20.5 mm and no zone for sterile distilled water. CONCLUSION: Biosynthesized AgNPs showed efficient antibacterial efficacy against P. gingivalis hence, creates a new horizon in periodontal therapy.

Evaluation of antibacterial efficacy of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles derived from fungi against endo-perio pathogens Porphyromonas gingivalis, Bacillus pumilus, and Enterococcus faecalis.

BACKGROUND: Even after rapid progress in contemporary dental practice, we encounter the failures due to endodontic, periodontal, or combined lesions. Complex anatomy of tooth and resistant microbes demands the development of new treatment strategies. AIM: The aim of this study is to biosynthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using fungi and determine the antibacterial efficacy against Porphyromonas gingivalis, Bacillus pumilus, and Enterococcus faecalis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fungi isolated from healthy leaves of Withania somnifera were used to biosynthesize AgNPs. The biosynthesized AgNPs were characterized by different methods, and antibacterial efficacy was evaluated by agar well diffusion method measuring the zone of inhibition. Test microorganisms were divided as Group 1: B. pumilus 27142 (American Type Culture Collection [ATCC]), Group 2: E. faecalis 29212 (ATCC), and Group 3: P. gingivalis 33277 (ATCC). Agents used for antibacterial efficacy were grouped as: AgNPs: A (20 µl), B (40 µl), C (60 µl), D (80 µl), E (100 µl), F (0.2% chlorhexidine [CHX]), G (2% CHX), H (Ampicillin), and I (sterile distilled water). RESULTS: Characterization studies showed the color change from colorless to reddish brown color; ultraviolet spectrum showed peak at 420 nm, transmission electron microscope revealed the particles spherical in shape and 10-20 nm size. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis revealed the presence of functional groups. Data collected for antibacterial efficacy were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey's multiple shows no significant difference among three groups (P < 0.0001). AgNPs were as effective as CHX and positive control ampicillin. No zones were seen for I (distilled water). CONCLUSION: Biosynthesized AgNPs showed efficient antibacterial efficacy. Therefore, it creates a new horizon in the management of endodontic, periodontal, and combined lesions.

Effect of bromelain enzyme for dentin deproteinization on bond strength of adhesive system.

AIMS: To assess the deproteinizing effect of bromelain enzyme and compare it with 5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) on shear bond strength before application of the adhesive system. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 30 extracted human premolars were divided into three groups, each one consisted of 10 teeth. The occlusal surface was wet ground to expose superficial dentin. In Group 1, teeth were etched; in Group 2, teeth were etched and deproteinized with bromelain enzyme; in Group 3, teeth were etched and deproteinized with 5% NaOCl. Upon completion of the adhesive procedures, resin composite was inserted into the plastic tube and light-polymerized. All specimens were stored at 37°C in water for 24 h, and the specimens were transferred to the universal testing machine, and then subjected to shear bond strength analysis at a crosshead speed of 1.0 mm/min. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Data were statistically analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and unpaired t-test at a significance level of 0.05. The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 12.0.1 for Windows (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). RESULTS: The bond strength results were significantly influenced by the application of bromelain enzyme. Statistically significant differences were not demonstrated in control group and NaOCl-treated group. The highest bond strength was seen in bromelain enzyme-treated group. CONCLUSIONS: Within the limitations of the present study, it was concluded that removal of unsupported collagen fiber with bromelain enzyme after acid etching results in improved bond strength.

The Comparative Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity of Methacryloxydodecyl Pyridinium Bromide and Non-methacryloxydodecyl Pyridinium Bromide Dentin Bonding Systems Using Two Different Techniques: An In vitro Study.

BACKGROUND: Adhesive systems have enabled clinicians to preserve more tooth structure by changing cavity designs. However, because of the polymerization shrinkage adhesive systems are not capable of totally prohibiting the gap formation between the cavity and restorative material of composite resin leading to colonization of oral microorganisms from saliva. One possible solution for this serious problem is to use dental materials with antibacterial properties. So the development of such agents has initiated for successful restorations. Hence, the purpose of this study was to compare the antibacterial activities of two dentin bonding systems: Clearfil protect bond (CPB) and prime & bond NT using agar well technique and tooth cavity model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: CPB and prime and bond NT (PBNT) were evaluated in this study using agar well technique and tooth cavity model. In the agar well technique, the materials were filled in the wells of Muller-Hinton agar plates inoculated with Streptococcus mutans NCTC 10449M and the diameter of inhibition zones produced around the materials were measured after 24 h of incubation. For the tooth cavity model test, 3 cavities (of diameter - 1 mm and depth - 2 mm) were prepared in the flat occlusal dentin of human extracted molar. After sterilization, the teeth were left in the culture of broth of S. mutans at 37°C for 72 h for allowing bacteria to invade the cavity for 72 h. The dentin bonding systems were applied separately to each of the two infected cavities, and the third cavity was not applied and used as control. After sealing the occlusal surfaces, the teeth were kept in sterile physiological saline at 37°C for 72 h. The standardized amounts of dentin chips (120 + 5 mg) were obtained from the cavity walls, and the numbers of bacteria recovered were determined. The results were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney's U-tests. RESULTS: The primer of CPB and PBNT produced similar inhibition zones (P > 0.05), but the bonding resin of CPB did not produce any inhibition. When tested by the tooth cavity model technique, the application of CPB resulted in significantly less bacterial recovery than the PBNT (P < 0.05), demonstrating substantial antibacterial effects. CONCLUSION: The CPB that employs the antibacterial primer containing methacryloxydodecyl pyridinium bromide, was effective in inactivating the bacteria in the cavity compared to little antibacterial activity shown by PBNT. The tooth cavity mode test used in the present study is a reliable method to evaluate the antibacterial effects of dentin bonding agents simulating clinical situations.

Comparative evaluation of microtensile bond strength of different solvent based one step and two step adhesive systems to dentin. An in-vitro study.

AIM AND OBJECTIVE: To compare and evaluate the micro tensile bond strength of different solvent based one step and two step adhesive systems to dentin. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty recently extracted human mandibular premolars were subjected for the study and divided into 4 groups of fifteen each. The adhesive materials Single Bond, Prime and Bond XP, Clearfil S3 Bond and G-Bond were applied to flat dentin surfaces according to the manufacturer's instructions. After resin composite build up, teeth were sectioned to obtain beams with an approximate cross sectional area of 2 mm(2) and stressed to failure. Data were analysed statistically by ANOVA and student Neuman Keuls multiple comparison tests. RESULTS: The study demonstrated that Single Bond has better bond strength to dentin compared to the other adhesive systems. CONCLUSION: Ethanol and water based two-step adhesive Single Bond exhibited significantly higher microtensile bond strength values to dentin among all the adhesive systems tested.

Novel treatment of white spot lesions: A report of two cases.

This case report describes a technique used to treat smooth surface white spot lesions microinvasively. It is based on the infiltration of an initial enamel caries lesion with low-viscosity light-curing resins called infiltrants. The surface layer is eroded and desiccated, followed by resin infiltrant application. The resin penetrates into the lesion microporosities driven by capillary force and is hardened by light curing. Infiltrated lesions lose their whitish appearance and look similar to sound enamel. Additionally, the treatment prevents lesion progression. This technique might be an alternative to microabrasion and restorative treatment in treating of white spot lesions of esthetically relevant teeth.

The comparison of microbial leakage in roots filled with resilon and gutta-percha: An in vitro study.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to compare bacterial leakage using streptococcus mutans through gutta-percha and a thermoplastic synthetic polymer based root canal filling material (Resilon) using two filling techniques. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 90 single-rooted extracted human teeth were subjected for the study. Teeth were divided into 6 groups of 10 and 3 control groups of 10 teeth each. All the samples were decoronated and the coronal surfaces of the roots were prepared perpendicular to the long axis of the root with a high-speed handpiece and a multipurpose bur using air water spray. The length of all the roots was prepared approximately 16 mm from the coronal surface to the apex of the root. Roots were filled using lateral and vertical condensation techniques with gutta-percha and AH26 sealer (Group 1 and 2) or with gutta-percha and epiphany sealer (Group 3 and 4). Group 5 and 6 were filled with Resilon and epiphany sealer using the lateral and vertical condensation techniques. A split chamber microbial leakage model was used in which S. mutans placed in the upper chamber could reach the lower chamber only through the filled root canal. Group 7 and 8 (positive control) were filled with Resilon and gutta-percha without sealer and tested with bacteria, whereas Group 7 (negative control) was sealed with wax to test the seal between the chambers. Data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS: All positive groups (Group 7 and 8) showed leakage within 1 hour of the start of the study (100%), whereas none of the negative control (Group 9) leaked. The roots obturated with Resilon and epiphany (Group 5 and 6) showed minimal leakage, i.e., each with 6 leakages, which was significantly less than gutta-percha (Group 1-4), in which approximately 80% of specimens with either sealer or techniques leaked. Kruskal-Wallis test showed statistical significance when all groups were compared (P<0.05). Mann-Whitney U test compared the respective groups and found Resilon groups superior to gutta-percha groups (P<0.05). INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that the new polymer-based Resilon and epiphany sealer using two obturating techniques, i.e., lateral as well as vertical condensation found to be significantly better than the gutta-percha.

Comparative evaluation of the apical sealing ability and adaptation to dentine of three resin-based sealers: An in vitro study.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the apical sealing ability and adaptation of three resin-based sealers to the dentine. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 66 recently extracted human maxillary anterior teeth were subjected for the study. The teeth were prepared and obturated with gutta-percha by a lateral condensation using AH Plus, Endorez and Epiphany sealers. Fifteen teeth from each group were used for the apical leakage test and the remaining five teeth from each group were used for examination under the scanning electron microscope. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and the Student Newman-Keuls test. RESULTS: Epiphany sealer showed better sealing ability and adaptation to dentine. CONCLUSION: The Epiphany sealer has a better apical sealing ability and adaptation to dentine than the AH Plus and Endorez sealers.

Comparative evaluation of microleakage of fifth, sixth, and seventh generation dentin bonding agents: An in vitro study.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to determine the microleakage in the 5(th) and 6(th) generation bonding agents with that compared with the newly introduced 7(th) generation bonding agents using three bonding agents. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 50 recently extracted human upper premolars were subjected to the study. Class V cavity preparations were prepared on the buccal and lingual surfaces of the extracted premolars with occlusal margins in the enamel and gingival margins in the cementum/dentin. The teeth were divided into five groups of 10 teeth each and 20 cavity preparations per group. In the experimental groups, cavities were treated with Single-Bond, Adper Prompt, i-Bond, Clearfil S3, and G-Bond as the dentin bonding agents. After the application of the dentin bonding agents, the cavity preparations were restored with resin composite (Clearfil APX). The specimens were thermocycled, stained with methylene blue dye, and sectioned to evaluate the dye penetration. Data were analyzed using the one-way ANOVA test (Kruskal-Wallis) and Dunn's procedure for pairwise comparison of the data. RESULTS: This study showed that at the coronal margin and the apical margins, the preparations treated with Clearfil S3 showed significantly less leakage than the other groups. Enamel margins provided better marginal sealing than dentin/ cementum margins. INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSION: The study demonstrated that Clearfil S3 bond had a better sealing ability at both coronal (enamel) and apical (dentin/cementum) margins compared with the other dentin bonding agents used.

The effect of cavity disinfectants on the sealing ability of dentin bonding system: An in vitro study.

AIM: This study was conducted to determine the effect of three cavity disinfectants (chlorhexidine gluconate based-Consepsis; benzalkonium chloride-based Tubulicid Red, iodine-potassium iodide/copper-sulphate based Ora-5) on the microleakage of a dentin bonding system, Clearfil SE Bond. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Class V cavities were prepared on 45 extracted molars. The respective experimentalgroups were treated with cavity disinfectants and Clearfil SE Bond. Preparations without cavity disinfectants served as negative control and those with neither disinfectant nor dentin bonding resin application served as positive controls. After the cavity preparations were restored with resin composite (Clearfil APX), the specimens were subjected to dye penetration. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA (Kruskal-Wallis) test. RESULTS: Unlike Conspesis and Tubulicid Red, Ora-5 exhibited significantly higher microleakage and adversely affected the sealing ability of Clearfil SE bond. Only Consepsis and Tubulicid Red could be used as cavity disinfectants with Clearfil SE bond, without its sealing abilities being adversely affected. CONCLUSIONS: 1) Consepsis and Tubulicid Red can be used as cavity disinfectants with Clearfil SE Bond, without the sealing ability of Clearfil SE bond being affected. 2) Ora-5 is not an appropriate disinfectant to be used with this dentin bonding system, because it alters its sealing ability.