Effects of interprofessional practice on nursing workload in hospitals: A systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: To synthesise scientific evidence on interprofessional practice in hospital care and the effects on nursing workload. METHODS: Systematic mixed method review, registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021225627) and conducted in the following databases: CINAHL, Medline, Web of Science and Scopus, with no restrictions on the publication period of the studies. Primary studies were recruited on nurses' interprofessional practice (actions and interactions with other professional categories) in hospitals and the effects on one or more dimensions of nursing workload (quantitative, qualitative, physical, cognitive, emotional, time and variation). Scientific articles available in open access, in English, Spanish or Portuguese, were included. The searches were carried out in January 2021. The studies were evaluated by pairs of independent researchers to verify methodological quality, through the Mixed Method Appraisal Tool, and data extraction. To summarise the studies, thematic analysis was adopted. RESULTS: A total of 1774 publications were assessed for eligibility and 17 studies were included. Of these, two were mixed methods, four were qualitative, and 11 were quantitative, published between 2011 and 2020. The main scenarios investigated were Intensive Care Units and/or Inpatient Units. During data analysis, three thematic categories emerged: Interprofessional practice in coping with emotional overload; Time dedicated by nurses to professional communication; and Working conditions and patient care. The third category consisted of three subthemes: Conflict and flexibility in the context of practice; Working conditions and interprofessional practice; and Effects on patient care. CONCLUSIONS: The evidence points to the emotional overload of nurses in the face of uncooperative practices. Interprofessional actions, especially communicative ones, demand nurses' time and impact the care provided. The results contribute to political decisions and health work management.

Team climate and patients' perception of primary healthcare attributes in Brazil: a cross-sectional study.

Team climate and attributes of primary healthcare (PHC) are key elements for collaborative practice. Few researchers have explored the relationship between team climate and patients' perceptions of PHC. This study aimed to assess the association between team climate and patients' perceptions of primary healthcare attributes. A quantitative approach was adopted. In Stage 1, Team climate was assessed using Team Climate Inventory in 118 Family Health Strategy (FHS) teams at a PHC setting. In Stage 2, Patients' perceptions of PHC attributes were assessed using the Primary Care Assessment Tool (PCATool) in a sample of 844 patients enrolled in teams studied in Stage 1. Cluster analysis was used to identify team climate groups. The analysis used multilevel linear regression models. Patients assigned to teams with the highest team climate scores had the highest PHC attributes scores. Patients who reported affiliation at the team level had the highest PCATool scores overall. They also scored higher on the attributes of comprehensiveness and coordinated care compared to patients with affiliation to the health unit. In conclusion, patients under the care of FHS teams exhibiting a more favorable team climate had more positive patient perceptions of PHC attributes.

Collective leadership to improve professional practice, healthcare outcomes and staff well-being.

BACKGROUND: Collective leadership is strongly advocated by international stakeholders as a key approach for health service delivery, as a response to increasingly complex forms of organisation defined by rapid changes in health technology, professionalisation and growing specialisation. Inadequate leadership weakens health systems and can contribute to adverse events, including refusal to prioritise and implement safety recommendations consistently, and resistance to addressing staff burnout. Globally, increases in life expectancy and the number of people living with multiple long-term conditions contribute to greater complexity of healthcare systems. Such a complex environment requires the contribution and leadership of multiple professionals sharing viewpoints and knowledge.  OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects of collective leadership for healthcare providers on professional practice, healthcare outcomes and staff well-being, when compared with usual centralised leadership approaches. SEARCH METHODS: We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, five other databases and two trials registers on 5 January 2021. We also searched grey literature, checked references for additional citations and contacted study authors to identify additional studies. We did not apply any limits on language. SELECTION CRITERIA: Two groups of two authors independently reviewed, screened and selected studies for inclusion; the principal author was part of both groups to ensure consistency. We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that compared collective leadership interventions with usual centralised leadership or no intervention. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Three groups of two authors independently extracted data from the included studies and evaluated study quality; the principal author took part in all groups. We followed standard methodological procedures expected by Cochrane and the Effective Practice and Organisation of Care (EPOC) Group. We used the GRADE approach to assess the certainty of the evidence. MAIN RESULTS: We identified three randomised trials for inclusion in our synthesis. All studies were conducted in acute care inpatient settings; the country settings were Canada, Iran and the USA. A total of 955 participants were included across all the studies. There was considerable variation in participants, interventions and measures for quantifying outcomes. We were only able to complete a meta-analysis for one outcome (leadership) and completed a narrative synthesis for other outcomes. We judged all studies as having an unclear risk of bias overall. Collective leadership interventions probably improve leadership (3 RCTs, 955 participants). Collective leadership may improve team performance (1 RCT, 164 participants). We are uncertain about the effect of collective leadership on clinical performance (1 RCT, 60 participants). We are uncertain about the intervention effect on healthcare outcomes, including health status (inpatient mortality) (1 RCT, 60 participants). Collective leadership may slightly improve staff well-being by reducing work-related stress (1 RCT, 164 participants). We identified no direct evidence concerning burnout and psychological symptoms. We are uncertain of the intervention effects on unintended consequences, specifically on staff absence (1 RCT, 60 participants).  AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Collective leadership involves multiple professionals sharing viewpoints and knowledge with the potential to influence positively the quality of care and staff well-being. Our confidence in the effects of collective leadership interventions on professional practice, healthcare outcomes and staff well-being is moderate in leadership outcomes, low in team performance and work-related stress, and very low for clinical performance, inpatient mortality and staff absence outcomes. The evidence was of moderate, low and very low certainty due to risk of bias and imprecision, meaning future evidence may change our interpretation of the results. There is a need for more high-quality studies in this area, with consistent reporting of leadership, team performance, clinical performance, health status and staff well-being outcomes.

The effectiveness of faculty development activities for interprofessional education : A systematic review protocol.

Despite increasing international demand for interprofessional education (IPE) in health care, there remains limited understanding of the kind of faculty development (FD) activities needed. This paper reports on a protocol for a systematic review to answer the question: What are the available FD activities for IPE facilitators, and which are more effective? The review aims to identify principles and methods to develop competent facilitators in IPE and to identify the implications and effects of FD for IPE concerning individuals, organizations, education, and health practice. Literature was identified through systematic searches in the electronic databases: MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), Eric (EBSCO), CINAHL (EBSCO), Scopus, and Web of Science. There will be no restrictions on language or publication period. Screening of potential studies will be completed independently by at least two reviewers. The research quality of studies will be assessed for methodological rigor using established instruments based on the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme. Search results will be summarized using the PRISMA flow diagram. The proposed review seeks to provide clarity on the evidence base of FD for IPE facilitators, to strengthen future design and delivery of FD activities, and to enable ongoing success of this educational model.

Teamwork in nursing: restricted to nursing professionals or an interprofessional collaboration?

OBJECTIVE: To understand the nursing professionals' conceptions of teamwork and their elements. METHOD: A qualitative study conducted in an oncological hospital using a semi-structured interview with 21 nursing professionals. RESULTS: Two conceptions emerged from the accounts: teamwork restricted to nursing professionals and teamwork with interprofessional collaboration with particular importance for interactive dimensions: communication, trust and professional bonds, mutual respect and recognition of the other's work, collaboration, and conflict, with this last subcategory considered as an obstacle to teamwork. CONCLUSION: Nursing conceives teamwork as an interprofessional practice, which is a result of the quality of interaction among professionals from different areas and involves the recognition and handling of conflicts. OBJETIVO: Compreender as concepções dos profissionais de enfermagem sobre trabalho em equipe e seus elementos constituintes. MÉTODO: Pesquisa qualitativa, realizada em hospital oncológico, por meio de entrevista semiestruturada com 21 profissionais de enfermagem. RESULTADOS: Duas concepções emergiram dos relatos, trabalho em equipe circunscrito à enfermagem e trabalho em equipe com colaboração interprofissional, com destaque para dimensão interativa: comunicação, confiança e vínculo, respeito mútuo e reconhecimento do trabalho do outro, colaboração e conflito. Esta última subcategoria foi apontada como obstáculo para o trabalho em equipe. CONCLUSÃO: A enfermagem concebe majoritariamente o trabalho em equipe como ação interprofissional, e isto decorre da qualidade da interação entre os profissionais das diferentes áreas e o reconhecimento e manejo de conflitos.

Interprofessional education and collaborative practice in Primary Health Care. / Educação interprofissional e prática colaborativa na Atenção Primária à Saúde.

Objective To understand the perceptions of professors, health care providers and students about the articulation of interprofessional education with health practices in Primary Health Care. Method To understand and interpret qualitative data collection, carried out between 2012 and 2013, through semi-structured interviews with 18 professors and four sessions of homogeneous focus groups with students, professors and health care providers of Primary Health Care. Results A triangulation of the results led to the construction of two categories: user-centered collaborative practice and barriers to interprofessional education. The first perspective indicates the need to change the model of care and training of health professionals, while the second reveals difficulties perceived by stakeholders regarding the implementation of interprofessional education. Conclusion The interprofessional education is incipient in the Brazil and the results of this analysis point out to possibilities of change toward collaborative practice, but require higher investments primarily in developing teaching-health services relationship.

[Management of basic health units in municipalities of different size: profile and management instruments]. / Gerência de unidade básica de saúde em municípios de diferentes portes: perfil e instrumentos gerenciais utilizados.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the characteristics of managers and their use of management instruments in primary care and to analyze differences in these features among municipalities of different sizes. METHOD: The present cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at 108 basic health units from 21 municipalities in northern Paraná, Brazil. The data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire during the second half of 2010. RESULTS: Most managers had graduate degrees and were female and nurses. The managers from the small municipalities were younger, their payment was lower, and they had less work experience. The use of management instruments was expressive for both the organization and work management; however, the instruments were used less in the small municipalities. CONCLUSION: The managers were committed to their role; it is recommended that policies and guidance should be formulated at the federal and state levels to support small municipalities.

Factors associated with interprofessional collaboration in Primary Health Care: a multilevel analysis.

Working with an interprofessional focus is increasingly necessary, in view of the growing complexity of the population's health needs. This study aims to assess interprofessional collaboration and the teamwork climate in primary health care (PHC) and determine whether there is a relationship between these two variables. The AITCS-II instrument was used to measure interprofessional collaboration, while to diagnose teamwork climate, the ECTE instrument was used, a version adapted to the SUS context of the Teamwork Climate Inventory instrument. These two instruments were applied online together with a questionnaire for the sociodemographic characterization of the 544 participants, who belonged to 97 Family Health Strategy (FHS) teams in a Brazilian municipality. The obtained data were submitted to a multilevel analysis. A positive correlation was observed between interprofessional collaboration and three of the four teamwork climate factors. The better the work climate, the better the interprofessional collaboration in the corresponding team, and this characteristic stands out in relation to other individual analyzed characteristics.

[Interprofessional education: training for healthcare professionals for teamwork focusing on users]. / Educação interprofissional: formação de profissionais de saúde para o trabalho em equipe com foco nos usuários.

The theoretical constructs of interprofessional education (IPE) are analyzed based on two reviews of the literature, taking the context of training for healthcare professionals in Brazil into consideration. Three types of training are identified: uniprofessional, multiprofessional and interprofessional, with predominance of the first type. The first occurs among students of the same profession, in isolation; the second occurs among students of two or more professions, in parallel without interaction; and the third involves shared learning, with interaction between students and/or professionals from different fields. The distinction between interprofessionalism and interdisciplinarity is highlighted: these refer to integration, respectively, of professional practices and disciplines or fields of knowledge. Through the analysis presented, it is concluded that in the Brazilian context, IPE (the basis for collaborative teamwork) is still limited to some recent initiatives, which deserve to be investigated.

Characterization of interprofessional education experiences in health education at the University of São Paulo.

OBJECTIVE: To map the experiences of Interprofessional Education (IPE) in Health at the São Paulo campus of the University of São Paulo. METHOD: This is a descriptive, exploratory study with a quantitative approach and data collection through an online questionnaire addressed to teachers from eight teaching units and 14 health courses. The data was analyzed using absolute and percentage frequencies. RESULTS: The majority of teachers do not take part in IPE experiences (70.4%). Most of the experiences are between six and ten years old, involving up to four teachers and small groups of students, mostly extracurricular or extension activities. The teaching and assessment strategies are diverse and open to students of all years. CONCLUSION: IPE experiences involve a small number of students and teachers and, although consolidated in terms of the time they have been offered, are limited to extracurricular spaces. Factors such as improvements in institutional support and teacher development are pointed out as important for making progress in strengthening IPE in the analyzed context.

Nursing supervision: interfaces with power relations in family health.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze nursing supervision from the perspective of power relations in family health. METHOD: An exploratory, descriptive and interpretive research with a qualitative approach. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 37 workers from six health teams in a city in the countryside of São Paulo. They were submitted to thematic content analysis, based on the health work process theoretical framework and Foucault's power category. RESULTS: Two thematic categories were constructed: Nursing supervision from the perspective of surveillance and control in relationships of disciplinary power in family health; The duality of nursing supervision in family health between oppressive power and positive power. CONCLUSION: The power present in nursing supervision is expressed as control and producer of things, which not only oppresses, but also has positive effects on building healthy work environments, valuing interactions, establishing trust, strengthening teamwork and supporting workers, aspects that result in the promotion of psychological safety in family health.

Resistance to interprofessional collaboration in in-service training in primary health care.

OBJECTIVE: to analyze the resistance to interprofessional collaboration in the professional practices of residents in primary health care. METHOD: Social and clinical qualitative research with 32 residents of a Multiprofessional Residency, carried out from 2017 to 2018. Data production included Institutional Analysis of Professional Practices, document analysis; investigator's diary; and observation. Data were analyzed based on Institutional Analysis concepts. RESULTS: There were contradictions between the reproduction of uniprofessional education with a focus on the specialty and interprofessional collaborative practices. The resistance analysis pointed to two axes: not-knowing as an analyzer of resistance to collaboration; interprofessional interference and knowledge-power relations. Residents' practices were characterized as resistant to interprofessional collaboration. CONCLUSION: The resistance analysis in the Multiprofessional Residency showed integrative movements of assimilation and disputes with physician-centered power, with damage to the sharing of care and interprofessional communication. The collective analysis questioned health professionals education, revisiting the perspective of comprehensive care guided by the users' needs.

Analysis of the learning evaluation process of nursing staff actions. / Análise do processo de avaliação da aprendizagem de ações educativas de profissionais de enfermagem.

The objective of this study was to analyze the learning evaluation process of nursing staff training programs, regarding its effectiveness and instrument validity. This is an empirical study whose findings support theoretical formulations for the construction of an evaluation methodology. The analysis consisted of learning evaluations related to six training programs, totaling 993 evaluations. The results of these six training programs showed the need to propose an evaluation methodology, defining criteria, instruments and indicators for this purpose. Furthermore, it is important to improve the diagnosis process on training needs and teaching strategies.

Interfaces between permanent education and interprofessional education in health. / Interfaces entre a educação permanente e a educação interprofissional em saúde.

This was a reflective theoretical essay that was based on the national and international literature. The goal was to analyze the interfaces and historical-conceptual distinctions between permanent education in health and interprofessional education in health. In the international context, there have been educational movements aimed at health workers with an emphasis on the incentives of the Pan-American Health Organization. In Brazil, both proposals highlight a commitment to the quality of practice in the Unified Health System, focused on health needs, with approaches that have a lot in common. Permanent education in health is geared toward on-the-job training to transform work processes, with the objective of delivering comprehensive care. Interprofessional education in health involves shared interactive learning of collaborative skills for effective teamwork, guided by interprofessional collaboration. The purpose of both is to qualify health practices through the education of workers in groups; however it is essential to distinguish the theoretical, conceptual, and methodological frameworks that support them.

Ensaio teórico de cunho reflexivo elaborado com base na literatura nacional e internacional, com o objetivo de analisar as interfaces e distinções histórico-conceituais entre Educação Permanente em Saúde e Educação Interprofissional em Saúde. No cenário internacional, ocorreram movimentos educacionais voltados para trabalhadores de saúde com destaque para os estímulos da Organização Pan-Americana de Saúde. No Brasil, ambas as propostas ressaltam o compromisso com a qualidade das práticas no Sistema Único de Saúde, centradas nas necessidades de saúde com enfoques que se aproximam. A Educação Permanente em Saúde, comprometida com a formação no trabalho para a transformação do processo de trabalho, tem em vista o cuidado integral e a Educação Interprofissional em Saúde com o aprendizado interativo compartilhado de competências colaborativas para o efetivo trabalho em equipe, orientado pela colaboração interprofissional. Ambas visam à qualificação das práticas de saúde por meio da educação de trabalhadores em coletivos, mas é fundamental a distinção dos referenciais teórico-conceituais e metodológicos que as sustentam.

Ensayo teórico de corte reflexivo elaborado con base en la literatura nacional e internacional, objetivando analizar las interfaces y distinciones histórico-conceptuales entre Educación Permanente en Salud y Educación Interprofesional en Salud. En el ámbito internacional hubo movimientos educativos orientados a trabajadores de salud destacándose los estímulos de la Organización Panamericana de Salud. En Brasil, ambas propuestas subrayan el compromiso con la calidad de las prácticas del Sistema Único de Salud, centradas en necesidades sanitarias con enfoques cercanos. La Educación Permanente en Salud, comprometida con la formación laboral para transformar el proceso de trabajo considerando la atención integral, y la Educación Interprofesional en Salud con aprendizaje interactivo compartido de competencias colaborativas para un trabajo en equipo efectivo orientado por la colaboración interprofesional. Ambas apuntan a calificar las prácticas de salud educando al trabajador en colectivos, aunque resulta fundamental diferenciar los referenciales teóricos, conceptuales y metodológicos que las sustentan.

Analysis of an interprofessional education activity in the occupational health field.

OBJECTIVE: to analyze the results of an Interprofessional Education activity in the ​​Occupational Health field. METHOD: this is an Action Research, which encompassed the implementation and evaluation stages of the activity. It was developed in a Public Higher Education Institution through 15 meetings, totaling 60 hours. It had 16 participants, five undergraduate students, three graduate students, five teachers and three health professionals, representing the areas of Nursing, Physical Education, Physiotherapy, Gerontology and Psychology. Data regarding the implementation of the activity were collected in a field diary and analyzed through Thematic Analysis. An evaluation form constructed exclusively for this purpose was applied, whose data were submitted to descriptive statistical analysis. RESULTS: three thematic categories were identified: (1) Comprehensive care; (2) Work as a social determinant of the health-disease process; and (3) Interprofessional teamwork. The activity of Interprofessional Education was positively evaluated by the participants, who pointed out the contributions of this strategy in the construction of knowledge directed to Occupational Health. CONCLUSION: the activity of Interprofessional Education proved to be possible and important in the context of the formation of health professions to strengthen occupational health care.

Factors associated with interprofessional collaboration in Primary Health Care: a multilevel analysis / Fatores associados à colaboração interprofissional na Atenção Primária à Saúde: uma análise multinível

Abstract Working with an interprofessional focus is increasingly necessary, in view of the growing complexity of the population's health needs. This study aims to assess interprofessional collaboration and the teamwork climate in primary health care (PHC) and determine whether there is a relationship between these two variables. The AITCS-II instrument was used to measure interprofessional collaboration, while to diagnose teamwork climate, the ECTE instrument was used, a version adapted to the SUS context of the Teamwork Climate Inventory instrument. These two instruments were applied online together with a questionnaire for the sociodemographic characterization of the 544 participants, who belonged to 97 Family Health Strategy (FHS) teams in a Brazilian municipality. The obtained data were submitted to a multilevel analysis. A positive correlation was observed between interprofessional collaboration and three of the four teamwork climate factors. The better the work climate, the better the interprofessional collaboration in the corresponding team, and this characteristic stands out in relation to other individual analyzed characteristics.

Resumo Trabalhar com foco interprofissional é cada vez mais necessário, tendo em vista a crescente complexidade das necessidades de saúde da população. Este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar a colaboração interprofissional e o clima de trabalho em equipe na atenção primária à saúde (APS) e verificar possível relação entre estas duas variáveis. Para mensurar a colaboração interprofissional foi utilizado o instrumento AITCS-II, enquanto para o diagnóstico do clima de trabalho em equipe foi utilizado o instrumento ECTE, versão adaptada para o contexto SUS do instrumento Teamwork Climate Inventory. Esses dois instrumentos foram aplicados on-line juntamente com um questionário para caracterização sociodemográfica dos 544 participantes, pertencentes a 97 equipes da Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) de um município brasileiro. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos a uma análise multinível. Foi observada uma correlação positiva entre a colaboração interprofissional e três dos quatro fatores do clima de trabalho em equipe. Quanto melhor o clima de trabalho, melhor a colaboração interprofissional na equipe correspondente, e essa característica se destaca em relação às demais características individuais analisadas.

Estratégias de promoção à saúde mental no trabalho de enfermagem hospitalar: revisão integrativa* / Estrategias de promoción de la salud mental em el trabajo de enfermería hospitalaria: revisión integrativa / Strategies for promoting mental health in hospital nursing work: integrative review

Objetivo: identificar estratégias de promoção à saúde mental dos trabalhadores de enfermagem hospitalar disponíveis na literatura. Método: revisão integrativa desenvolvida por meio de acesso a fontes de informação online. Foram incluídos estudos disponíveis na íntegra entre 2012 e 2022 em português, inglês ou espanhol. Realizada seleção em duplo-cego, apresentação descritiva dos resultados e interpretação à luz do referencial teórico-conceitual. Resultados: onze artigos apontam estratégias individuais focadas no treinamento de habilidades, teleassistência e programas de fortalecimento da resiliência que reduziram sintomas de depressão, ansiedade, estresse, burnout, rotatividade e elevaram satisfação no trabalho, estilos de vida saudáveis, bem-estar e saúde geral. Conclusão: as estratégias para promoção da saúde mental no trabalho mantêm o seu enfoque no indivíduo, e não envolvem aspectos organizacionais e coletivos do trabalho, denotando insuficiência ao não enfocar causas centrais do problema. As intervenções devem ser direcionadas a sanar tal lacuna para promover ambientes de trabalho mais saudáveis.

Objective: identify strategies for promoting the mental health of hospital nursing workers available in the literature. Method: integrative review developed through access to online information sources. Studies available entirely between 2012 and 2022 in Portuguese, English or Spanish were included. Double-blind selection was carried out, as well as descriptive presentation of results and interpretation in light of the theoretical-conceptual framework. Results: eleven articles point to individual strategies focused on skills training, teleassistance and resilience-building programs that reduced symptoms of depression, anxiety, stress, burnout and turnover, and increased job satisfaction, healthy lifestyles, well-being and general health. Conclusion: strategies for promoting mental health at work maintain their focus on the individual, and do not involve organizational and collective aspects of work, denoting insufficiency by not concentrating on the central causes of the problem. Interventions should be aimed at closing this gap to promote healthier work environments.

Objetivo: identificar estrategias de promoción de la salud mental para trabajadores de enfermería hospitalaria disponibles en la literatura. Método: revisión integrativa de la literatura en las bases de datos Lilacs, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library y Medline. Se incluyeron en la muestra estudios primarios publicados en portugués, inglés o español, disponibles en su totalidad en los últimos diez años (2012 - 2022). La selección se realizó de manera doble ciego, y los resultados se presentan de forma descriptiva e interpretados a la luz del marco teórico-conceptual adoptado. Resultados: once artículos señalan estrategias individuales centradas en la formación de habilidades, la teleasistencia y los programas de desarrollo de la resiliencia, que redujeron los síntomas de depresión, ansiedad, estrés, agotamiento y rotación, y aumentaron la satisfacción laboral, los estilos de vida saludables, el bienestar y la salud general. Conclusión: las estrategias de promoción de la salud mental en el trabajo mantienen su enfoque en lo individual, y no involucran aspectos organizativos y colectivos del trabajo, denotando insuficiencia al no concentrarse en las causas centrales del problema. Las intervenciones deberían estar encaminadas a cerrar esta brecha para promover entornos de trabajo más saludables.

Characterization of interprofessional education experiences in health education at the University of São Paulo / Caracterización de las experiencias de educación interprofesional en formación en salud en la Universidad de São Paulo / Caracterização das experiências de educação interprofissional na formação em saúde na Universidade de São Paulo

ABSTRACT Objective: To map the experiences of Interprofessional Education (IPE) in Health at the São Paulo campus of the University of São Paulo. Method: This is a descriptive, exploratory study with a quantitative approach and data collection through an online questionnaire addressed to teachers from eight teaching units and 14 health courses. The data was analyzed using absolute and percentage frequencies. Results: The majority of teachers do not take part in IPE experiences (70.4%). Most of the experiences are between six and ten years old, involving up to four teachers and small groups of students, mostly extracurricular or extension activities. The teaching and assessment strategies are diverse and open to students of all years. Conclusion: IPE experiences involve a small number of students and teachers and, although consolidated in terms of the time they have been offered, are limited to extracurricular spaces. Factors such as improvements in institutional support and teacher development are pointed out as important for making progress in strengthening IPE in the analyzed context.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Mapear las experiencias de Educación Interprofesional (EIP) en Salud en el campus de São Paulo de la Universidad de São Paulo. Método: Se trata de un estudio descriptivo, exploratorio, con abordaje cuantitativo y recolección de datos por medio de cuestionario online dirigido a profesores de ocho unidades de enseñanza y 14 cursos de salud. Los datos se analizaron mediante frecuencias absolutas y porcentuales. Resultados: La mayoría de los profesores no participa en experiencias de EIP (70,4%). La mayoría de las experiencias tienen entre seis y diez años de antigüedad, involucran hasta cuatro profesores y pequeños grupos de estudiantes, en su mayoría actividades extracurriculares o de extensión. Las estrategias de enseñanza y evaluación son diversas y están abiertas a estudiantes de todos los cursos. Conclusión: Las experiencias de EIP involucran a un número reducido de estudiantes y profesores y, aunque consolidadas en términos de oferta de tiempo, se limitan a espacios extracurriculares. Factores como la mejora del apoyo institucional y el desarrollo de las docentes se señalan como importantes para avanzar en el fortalecimiento de la EIP en el contexto analizado.

RESUMO Objetivo: Mapear as experiências de Educação Interprofissional (EIP) em Saúde no campus São Paulo da Universidade de São Paulo. Método: Pesquisa descritiva, exploratória, com abordagem quantitativa e coleta de dados por meio de um questionário online, direcionado aos docentes de oito unidades de ensino e 14 cursos da área de saúde. Os dados foram analisados por meio de frequências absolutas e percentuais. Resultados: A maior parte dos docentes não participa de experiências de EIP (70,4%). Em sua maioria, as experiências têm de seis a dez anos de existência, com envolvimento de até quatro docentes e em pequenos grupos de estudantes, majoritariamente extracurriculares ou atividades de extensão. As estratégias de ensino e avaliação são diversificadas e abertas aos estudantes de todos os anos. Conclusão: As experiências de EIP envolvem um número pequeno de estudantes e professores e, embora consolidadas em relação ao tempo de oferta, são limitadas aos espaços extracurriculares. Fatores como melhorias no apoio institucional e desenvolvimento docente são apontados como importantes para avançar no fortalecimento da EIP no contexto analisado.

Nursing supervision: interfaces with power relations in family health / Supervisión ejercida por enfermeros: interfaces con relaciones de poder en salud de la familia / A supervisão exercida pelo enfermeiro: interfaces com as relações de poder na saúde da família

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze nursing supervision from the perspective of power relations in family health. Method: An exploratory, descriptive and interpretive research with a qualitative approach. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 37 workers from six health teams in a city in the countryside of São Paulo. They were submitted to thematic content analysis, based on the health work process theoretical framework and Foucault's power category. Results: Two thematic categories were constructed: Nursing supervision from the perspective of surveillance and control in relationships of disciplinary power in family health; The duality of nursing supervision in family health between oppressive power and positive power. Conclusion: The power present in nursing supervision is expressed as control and producer of things, which not only oppresses, but also has positive effects on building healthy work environments, valuing interactions, establishing trust, strengthening teamwork and supporting workers, aspects that result in the promotion of psychological safety in family health.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar la supervisión ejercida por enfermeros en la perspectiva de las relaciones de poder en salud de la familia. Método: Investigación exploratoria, descriptiva e interpretativa con enfoque cualitativo. Los datos fueron recolectados a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas con 37 trabajadores de seis equipos de salud en una ciudad del interior de São Paulo. Fueron sometidos al análisis de contenido temático, a partir del referencial teórico del proceso de trabajo en salud y la categoría de poder de Foucault. Resultados: Se construyeron dos categorías temáticas: La supervisión ejercida por los enfermeros en la perspectiva de vigilancia y control en las relaciones de poder disciplinario en salud de la familia; La dualidad de la supervisión ejercida por las enfermeras en salud de la familia entre el poder opresor y el poder positivo. Conclusión: El poder presente en la supervisión ejercida por los enfermeros se expresa como control y productor de cosas, lo que no solo oprime, sino que tiene efectos positivos en la construcción de ambientes de trabajo saludables, valorando las interacciones, estableciendo confianza, fortaleciendo el trabajo en equipo y apoyando a los trabajadores, aspectos que redundan en la promoción de la seguridad psicológica en salud de la familia.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a supervisão exercida pelo enfermeiro na perspectiva das relações de poder na saúde da família. Método: Pesquisa exploratória, descritiva e interpretativa com abordagem qualitativa. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista semiestruturada com 37 trabalhadores de seis equipes de saúde de um município do interior paulista. Foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo temática, a partir referencial teórico do processo de trabalho em saúde e da categoria poder foucaltiana. Resultados: Foram construídas duas categorias temáticas: A supervisão exercida pelo enfermeiro na perspectiva da vigilância e do controle nas relações do poder disciplinar na saúde da família; A dualidade da supervisão exercida pelo enfermeiro na saúde da família entre poder opressivo e poder positivo. Conclusão O poder presente na supervisão exercida pelo enfermeiro se expressa como controle e produtor de coisas, que não somente oprime, mas também possui efeitos positivos na construção de ambientes de trabalho saudáveis, com valorização das interações, estabelecimento de confiança, fortalecimento do trabalho em equipe e apoio aos trabalhadores, aspectos que resultam em promoção da segurança psicológica na saúde da família.

Competências profissionais para a atenção à saúde do trabalhador / Professional competencies for occupational health care

Resumo: Introdução: As competências profissionais para as ações em saúde direcionadas à população trabalhadora são imprescindíveis para a formação exitosa dos profissionais de saúde. Embora relevantes e bem definidas pela Política Nacional de Saúde do Trabalhador e da Trabalhadora, ainda existem lacunas sobre as competências mínimas requeridas e pouco conhecimento sobre como esses saberes profissionais se articulam para a promoção do trabalho integrado e o atendimento às necessidades dessa população. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar as competências profissionais para atenção à saúde do trabalhador no contexto da APS. Método: Trata-se de pesquisa descritivo-exploratória, de abordagem qualitativa, desenvolvida por meio da triangulação de métodos, realizada em uma cidade do interior do estado de São Paulo. Os dados foram coletados em três etapas: 1. análise documental das Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais dos cursos da saúde e dos projetos pedagógicos de sete cursos da área da saúde de uma instituição de ensino superior; 2. revisão sistemática da literatura; e 3. entrevistas com docentes dos cursos da saúde da referida instituição e com profissionais da Rede de Atenção Primária à Saúde municipal. Resultado: A análise documental permitiu identificar que somente os cursos de Educação Física, Enfermagem, Fisioterapia e Terapia Ocupacional possuem competências específicas para atenção à saúde do trabalhador, e a análise dos projetos pedagógicos apontou disciplinas obrigatórias e optativas que abordam a temática. A revisão de literatura e as entrevistas apontaram as competências gerais e específicas necessárias para atenção à saúde do trabalhador, como o cuidado integral, a compreensão dos determinantes sociais de saúde, a comunicação, a liderança, o trabalho em equipe, a gestão de conflitos, o acolhimento e a escuta qualificados, a gestão em saúde e a educação permanente. Conclusão: A identificação das competências profissionais gerais e específicas para atenção à saúde do trabalhador mostrou-se de extrema relevância para construção de uma assistência integral e humanizada na formação e prática interprofissional.

Abstract: Introduction: For health actions aimed at the working population, the development of professional competencies during the graduation is essential. Although relevant and well defined by the National Occupational Health Policy, there are still gaps regarding the minimum skills required and lack of knowledge about how the articulation of this competencies to promote integrated work and meet the needs of this population. Objective: This study aimed to identify the professional competencies for occupational health care. Method: Descriptive-exploratory research, with a qualitative approach, developed through the triangulation of methods, carried out in a city in the interior of the State of São Paulo, Brazil. Data were collected in three stages: 1. document analysis of the National Curriculum Guidelines for health courses and pedagogical projects for seven courses in the health area of a higher education institution; 2. systematic literature review; and 3. interviews with professors from the health courses of that institution and with professionals from the municipal Primary Health Care Network. Result: The document analysis allowed us to identify that only the Physical Education, Nursing, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy courses have specific competences for worker health care; the analysis of the pedagogical projects pointed to mandatory and optional subjects that address the theme. The literature review and interviews pointed out the general and specific skills needed for worker health care, such as comprehensive care, understanding the social determinants of health, communication, leadership, teamwork, conflict management, welcoming/qualified listening, health management and continuing education. Conclusion: The identification of general and specific professional skills for occupational health care proved to be extremely relevant for the construction of comprehensive and humanized care in training and interprofessional practice.