RESUMO
Biallelic pathogenic variants in the genes encoding the dolichol-phosphate mannose synthase subunits (DPM) which produce mannosyl donors for glycosylphosphatidylinositols, N-glycan and protein O- and C-mannosylation, are rare causes of congenital disorders of glycosylation. Pathogenic variants in DPM1 and DPM2 are associated with muscle-eye-brain (MEB) disease, whereas DPM3 variants have mostly been reported in patients with isolated muscle disease-dystroglycanopathy. Thus far, only one affected individual with compound heterozygous DPM3 variants presenting with myopathy, mild intellectual disability, seizures, and nonspecific white matter abnormalities (WMA) around the lateral ventricles has been described. Here we present five affected individuals from four unrelated families with global developmental delay/intellectual disability ranging from mild to severe, microcephaly, seizures, WMA, muscle weakness and variable cardiomyopathy. Exome sequencing of the probands revealed an ultra-rare homozygous pathogenic missense DPM3 variant NM_018973.4:c.221A>G, p.(Tyr74Cys) which segregated with the phenotype in all families. Haplotype analysis indicated that the variant arose independently in three families. Functional analysis did not reveal any alteration in the N-glycosylation pathway caused by the variant; however, this does not exclude its pathogenicity in the function of the DPM complex and related cellular pathways. This report provides supporting evidence that, besides DPM1 and DPM2, defects in DPM3 can also lead to a muscle and brain phenotype.
Assuntos
Encefalopatias , Deficiência Intelectual , Humanos , Deficiência Intelectual/patologia , Homozigoto , Músculo Esquelético/patologia , Encefalopatias/patologia , Convulsões/patologia , Manosiltransferases/genética , Proteínas de Membrana/genéticaRESUMO
A Sri Lankan male child with supraorbital hyperostosis, broad nasal bridge, small mandible, severe kyphoscoliosis, distal joint contractures of the hands and long second and third toes is described. A hemizygous pathogenic variant in exon 22 of the filamin A (FLNA) gene [NM_001110556.1: c.3557C>T; which leads to a nonsynonymous substitution of serine by leucine at codon 1186 in the FLNA protein; NP_001104026.1: p.Ser1186Leu] was identified. The clinical features observed in this patient were consistent with the cardinal manifestations seen in frontometaphyseal dysplasia 1 (FMD1). However, characteristic extra skeletal manifestations such as cardiac defects, uropathy, and hearing impairment which have previously been reported in association with this condition were absent in this patient.
Assuntos
Doenças do Desenvolvimento Ósseo/genética , Filaminas/genética , Testa/anormalidades , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Osteocondrodisplasias/genética , Anormalidades Múltiplas/genética , Anormalidades Múltiplas/patologia , Doenças do Desenvolvimento Ósseo/patologia , Criança , Éxons/genética , Testa/patologia , Humanos , Masculino , Micrognatismo/genética , Micrognatismo/patologia , Mutação de Sentido Incorreto/genética , Osteocondrodisplasias/patologia , Fenótipo , Sri Lanka/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome (RSTS) is an autosomal dominant disorder, caused by loss-of-function variants in CREBBP or EP300. Affected individuals present with distinctive craniofacial features, broad thumbs and/or halluces, and intellectual disability. RSTS phenotype has been well characterized in individuals of European descent but not in other populations. In this study, individuals from diverse populations with RSTS were assessed by clinical examination and facial analysis technology. Clinical data of 38 individuals from 14 different countries were analyzed. The median age was 7 years (age range: 7 months to 47 years), and 63% were females. The most common phenotypic features in all population groups included broad thumbs and/or halluces in 97%, convex nasal ridge in 94%, and arched eyebrows in 92%. Face images of 87 individuals with RSTS (age range: 2 months to 47 years) were collected for evaluation using facial analysis technology. We compared images from 82 individuals with RSTS against 82 age- and sex-matched controls and obtained an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.99 (p < .001), demonstrating excellent discrimination efficacy. The discrimination was, however, poor in the African group (AUC: 0.79; p = .145). Individuals with EP300 variants were more effectively discriminated (AUC: 0.95) compared with those with CREBBP variants (AUC: 0.93). This study shows that clinical examination combined with facial analysis technology may enable earlier and improved diagnosis of RSTS in diverse populations.
Assuntos
Proteína p300 Associada a E1A/genética , Etnicidade/genética , Face/anormalidades , Genética Populacional , Mutação , Síndrome de Rubinstein-Taybi/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Estudos de Associação Genética , Humanos , Lactente , Agências Internacionais , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prognóstico , Síndrome de Rubinstein-Taybi/genética , Síndrome de Rubinstein-Taybi/patologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Turner syndrome (TS) is a common multiple congenital anomaly syndrome resulting from complete or partial absence of the second X chromosome. In this study, we explore the phenotype of TS in diverse populations using clinical examination and facial analysis technology. Clinical data from 78 individuals and images from 108 individuals with TS from 19 different countries were analyzed. Individuals were grouped into categories of African descent (African), Asian, Latin American, Caucasian (European descent), and Middle Eastern. The most common phenotype features across all population groups were short stature (86%), cubitus valgus (76%), and low posterior hairline 70%. Two facial analysis technology experiments were conducted: TS versus general population and TS versus Noonan syndrome. Across all ethnicities, facial analysis was accurate in diagnosing TS from frontal facial images as measured by the area under the curve (AUC). An AUC of 0.903 (p < .001) was found for TS versus general population controls and 0.925 (p < .001) for TS versus individuals with Noonan syndrome. In summary, we present consistent clinical findings from global populations with TS and additionally demonstrate that facial analysis technology can accurately distinguish TS from the general population and Noonan syndrome.
Assuntos
Anormalidades Múltiplas/epidemiologia , Face/anormalidades , Síndrome de Noonan/epidemiologia , Síndrome de Turner/epidemiologia , Anormalidades Múltiplas/diagnóstico , Anormalidades Múltiplas/genética , Anormalidades Múltiplas/fisiopatologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Povo Asiático/genética , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Cromossomos Humanos X/genética , Face/patologia , Reconhecimento Facial , Feminino , Hispânico ou Latino/genética , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Síndrome de Noonan/diagnóstico , Síndrome de Noonan/genética , Síndrome de Noonan/fisiopatologia , Fenótipo , Vigilância da População , Síndrome de Turner/diagnóstico , Síndrome de Turner/genética , Síndrome de Turner/fisiopatologia , População Branca/genética , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is a dominant multisystemic malformation syndrome due to mutations in five genes-NIPBL, SMC1A, HDAC8, SMC3, and RAD21. The characteristic facial dysmorphisms include microcephaly, arched eyebrows, synophrys, short nose with depressed bridge and anteverted nares, long philtrum, thin lips, micrognathia, and hypertrichosis. Most affected individuals have intellectual disability, growth deficiency, and upper limb anomalies. This study looked at individuals from diverse populations with both clinical and molecularly confirmed diagnoses of CdLS by facial analysis technology. Clinical data and images from 246 individuals with CdLS were obtained from 15 countries. This cohort included 49% female patients and ages ranged from infancy to 37 years. Individuals were grouped into ancestry categories of African descent, Asian, Latin American, Middle Eastern, and Caucasian. Across these populations, 14 features showed a statistically significant difference. The most common facial features found in all ancestry groups included synophrys, short nose with anteverted nares, and a long philtrum with thin vermillion of the upper lip. Using facial analysis technology we compared 246 individuals with CdLS to 246 gender/age matched controls and found that sensitivity was equal or greater than 95% for all groups. Specificity was equal or greater than 91%. In conclusion, we present consistent clinical findings from global populations with CdLS while demonstrating how facial analysis technology can be a tool to support accurate diagnoses in the clinical setting. This work, along with prior studies in this arena, will assist in earlier detection, recognition, and treatment of CdLS worldwide.
Assuntos
Anormalidades Múltiplas/genética , Proteínas de Ciclo Celular/genética , Síndrome de Cornélia de Lange/genética , Deficiência Intelectual/genética , Anormalidades Múltiplas/epidemiologia , Anormalidades Múltiplas/fisiopatologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Proteoglicanas de Sulfatos de Condroitina/genética , Proteínas Cromossômicas não Histona/genética , Síndrome de Cornélia de Lange/epidemiologia , Síndrome de Cornélia de Lange/fisiopatologia , Face/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Humanos , Processamento de Imagem Assistida por Computador , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Deficiência Intelectual/epidemiologia , Deficiência Intelectual/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Mutação , Fenótipo , Grupos Raciais/genética , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Barakat syndrome is an autosomal dominant rare genetic disease caused by haploinsufficiency of the GATA binding protein 3 (GATA3) gene. It is also known as HDR syndrome, and is characterized by varying degrees of hypoparathyroidism, sensorineural deafness and renal disease. This is the first report of a heterozygous GATA3 whole gene deletion causing HDR syndrome in a Sri Lankan family. CASE PRESENTATION: A 13-year-old boy with an acute febrile illness, hypocalcaemia and bilateral carpopedal spasm was referred for evaluation. A past medical history of treatment for persistent hypocalcaemic symptoms since the age of 7 months was obtained. Biochemical investigations showed persistent low serum corrected calcium levels with hyperphosphataemia, hypomagnesaemia, low parathyroid hormone levels, hypercalciuria, and low total 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels. His renal functions and renal sonography were normal. Audiometry showed bilateral moderate to severe sensorineural hearing loss. On screening, his mother was also found to have asymptomatic hypocalcaemia, hypomagnesaemia, hyperphosphataemia, hypercalciuria and low total 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels. She had impaired renal functions and chronic parenchymal changes in the renal scan. Audiometry showed bilateral profound sensorineural hearing loss. Genetic analysis using multiplex-ligation dependent probe amplification showed a reduced gene dosage for GATA3 that is consistent with a heterozygous whole gene deletion in both the child and mother. CONCLUSIONS: This report demonstrates the wide intra-familial phenotypic variability observed in HDR syndrome and adds further to the existing scientific literature on the genotype-phenotype correlation of this syndrome. It highlights the need for HDR syndrome to be considered in the differential diagnosis of persistent hypocalcaemia with sensorineural deafness and/or renal involvement, and for appropriate genetic evaluation to be done to confirm the diagnosis.
Assuntos
Hipoglicemiantes/uso terapêutico , Adulto , Idoso , Biomarcadores/análise , Glicemia/análise , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1 , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Feminino , Seguimentos , Hemoglobinas Glicadas/análise , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prognóstico , Estudos ProspectivosRESUMO
Williams-Beuren syndrome (WBS) is a common microdeletion syndrome characterized by a 1.5Mb deletion in 7q11.23. The phenotype of WBS has been well described in populations of European descent with not as much attention given to other ethnicities. In this study, individuals with WBS from diverse populations were assessed clinically and by facial analysis technology. Clinical data and images from 137 individuals with WBS were found in 19 countries with an average age of 11 years and female gender of 45%. The most common clinical phenotype elements were periorbital fullness and intellectual disability which were present in greater than 90% of our cohort. Additionally, 75% or greater of all individuals with WBS had malar flattening, long philtrum, wide mouth, and small jaw. Using facial analysis technology, we compared 286 Asian, African, Caucasian, and Latin American individuals with WBS with 286 gender and age matched controls and found that the accuracy to discriminate between WBS and controls was 0.90 when the entire cohort was evaluated concurrently. The test accuracy of the facial recognition technology increased significantly when the cohort was analyzed by specific ethnic population (P-value < 0.001 for all comparisons), with accuracies for Caucasian, African, Asian, and Latin American groups of 0.92, 0.96, 0.92, and 0.93, respectively. In summary, we present consistent clinical findings from global populations with WBS and demonstrate how facial analysis technology can support clinicians in making accurate WBS diagnoses.
Assuntos
Variação Biológica da População , Heterogeneidade Genética , Síndrome de Williams/diagnóstico , Síndrome de Williams/genética , Antropometria/métodos , Fácies , Humanos , Fenótipo , Grupos Populacionais , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Síndrome de Williams/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Noonan syndrome (NS) is a common genetic syndrome associated with gain of function variants in genes in the Ras/MAPK pathway. The phenotype of NS has been well characterized in populations of European descent with less attention given to other groups. In this study, individuals from diverse populations with NS were evaluated clinically and by facial analysis technology. Clinical data and images from 125 individuals with NS were obtained from 20 countries with an average age of 8 years and female composition of 46%. Individuals were grouped into categories of African descent (African), Asian, Latin American, and additional/other. Across these different population groups, NS was phenotypically similar with only 2 of 21 clinical elements showing a statistically significant difference. The most common clinical characteristics found in all population groups included widely spaced eyes and low-set ears in 80% or greater of participants, short stature in more than 70%, and pulmonary stenosis in roughly half of study individuals. Using facial analysis technology, we compared 161 Caucasian, African, Asian, and Latin American individuals with NS with 161 gender and age matched controls and found that sensitivity was equal to or greater than 94% for all groups, and specificity was equal to or greater than 90%. In summary, we present consistent clinical findings from global populations with NS and additionally demonstrate how facial analysis technology can support clinicians in making accurate NS diagnoses. This work will assist in earlier detection and in increasing recognition of NS throughout the world.
Assuntos
Face/fisiopatologia , Genética Populacional , Síndrome de Noonan/genética , Povo Asiático , População Negra/genética , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Quinases de Proteína Quinase Ativadas por Mitógeno/genética , Síndrome de Noonan/fisiopatologia , Transdução de Sinais , População Branca/genética , Proteínas ras/genéticaRESUMO
22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2 DS) is the most common microdeletion syndrome and is underdiagnosed in diverse populations. This syndrome has a variable phenotype and affects multiple systems, making early recognition imperative. In this study, individuals from diverse populations with 22q11.2 DS were evaluated clinically and by facial analysis technology. Clinical information from 106 individuals and images from 101 were collected from individuals with 22q11.2 DS from 11 countries; average age was 11.7 and 47% were male. Individuals were grouped into categories of African descent (African), Asian, and Latin American. We found that the phenotype of 22q11.2 DS varied across population groups. Only two findings, congenital heart disease and learning problems, were found in greater than 50% of participants. When comparing the clinical features of 22q11.2 DS in each population, the proportion of individuals within each clinical category was statistically different except for learning problems and ear anomalies (P < 0.05). However, when Africans were removed from analysis, six additional clinical features were found to be independent of ethnicity (P ≥ 0.05). Using facial analysis technology, we compared 156 Caucasians, Africans, Asians, and Latin American individuals with 22q11.2 DS with 156 age and gender matched controls and found that sensitivity and specificity were greater than 96% for all populations. In summary, we present the varied findings from global populations with 22q11.2 DS and demonstrate how facial analysis technology can assist clinicians in making accurate 22q11.2 DS diagnoses. This work will assist in earlier detection and in increasing recognition of 22q11.2 DS throughout the world.
Assuntos
Identificação Biométrica/métodos , Síndrome de DiGeorge/diagnóstico , Cardiopatias Congênitas/diagnóstico , Interpretação de Imagem Assistida por Computador/métodos , Deficiências da Aprendizagem/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Adulto , Povo Asiático , População Negra , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Cromossomos Humanos Par 22/química , Síndrome de DiGeorge/etnologia , Síndrome de DiGeorge/genética , Síndrome de DiGeorge/patologia , Fácies , Feminino , Cardiopatias Congênitas/etnologia , Cardiopatias Congênitas/genética , Cardiopatias Congênitas/patologia , Hispânico ou Latino , Humanos , Hibridização in Situ Fluorescente , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Deficiências da Aprendizagem/etnologia , Deficiências da Aprendizagem/genética , Deficiências da Aprendizagem/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Fenótipo , População BrancaRESUMO
Down syndrome is the most common cause of cognitive impairment and presents clinically with universally recognizable signs and symptoms. In this study, we focus on exam findings and digital facial analysis technology in individuals with Down syndrome in diverse populations. Photos and clinical information were collected on 65 individuals from 13 countries, 56.9% were male and the average age was 6.6 years (range 1 month to 26 years; SD = 6.6 years). Subjective findings showed that clinical features were different across ethnicities (Africans, Asians, and Latin Americans), including brachycephaly, ear anomalies, clinodactyly, sandal gap, and abundant neck skin, which were all significantly less frequent in Africans (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P < 0.05, and P < 0.05, respectively). Evaluation using a digital facial analysis technology of a larger diverse cohort of newborns to adults (n = 129 cases; n = 132 controls) was able to diagnose Down syndrome with a sensitivity of 0.961, specificity of 0.924, and accuracy of 0.943. Only the angles at medial canthus and ala of the nose were common significant findings amongst different ethnicities (Caucasians, Africans, and Asians) when compared to ethnically matched controls. The Asian group had the least number of significant digital facial biometrics at 4, compared to Caucasians at 8 and Africans at 7. In conclusion, this study displays the wide variety of findings across different geographic populations in Down syndrome and demonstrates the accuracy and promise of digital facial analysis technology in the diagnosis of Down syndrome internationally. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Assuntos
Síndrome de Down/diagnóstico , Síndrome de Down/epidemiologia , Fácies , Estudos de Associação Genética , Fenótipo , Grupos Populacionais/estatística & dados numéricos , Vigilância da População , Adolescente , Adulto , Biomarcadores , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Síndrome de Down/genética , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Grupos Populacionais/genética , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Adulto JovemRESUMO
AIM: Chromosomal abnormalities are implicated in the etiology of primary amenorrhea. The underlying chromosomal aberrations are varied and regional differences have been reported. The objective of this study is to describe the prevalence of various types of chromosomal abnormalities in Sri Lankan women with primary amenorrhea. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Medical records of all patients diagnosed with primary amenorrhea referred for cytogenetic analysis to two genetic centers in Sri Lanka from January 2005 to December 2011 were reviewed. Chromosome culture and karyotyping was performed on peripheral blood samples obtained from each patient. Data were analyzed using standard descriptive statistics. RESULTS: Altogether 338 patients with primary amenorrhea were karyotyped and mean age at testing was 20.5 years. Numerical and structural chromosomal abnormalities were noted in 115 (34.0%) patients which included 45,X Turner syndrome (10.7%), Turner syndrome variants (13.9%), XY females (6.5%), 45,X/46,XY (0.9%), 46,XX/46,XY (0.6%), 47,XXX (0.3%), 47,XX,+ mar (0.3%), 46,X,i(X)(p10) (0.3%), 46,XX with SRY gene translocation on X chromosome (0.3%) and 46,XX,inv(7)(p10;q11.2) (0.3%). Short stature, absent secondary sexual characteristics, neck webbing, cubitus valgus and broad chest with widely spaced nipples were commonly seen in patients with Turner syndrome and variant forms. Neck webbing and absent secondary sexual characteristics were significantly associated with classical Turner syndrome than variant forms. CONCLUSION: A considerable proportion of women with primary amenorrhea had chromosomal abnormalities. Mean age at testing was late suggesting delay in referral for karyotyping. Early referral for cytogenetic evaluation is recommended for the identification of underlying chromosomal aberrations in women with primary amenorrhea.
Assuntos
Amenorreia/genética , Aberrações Cromossômicas , Doenças Genéticas Inatas/genética , Adolescente , Adulto , Amenorreia/epidemiologia , Feminino , Doenças Genéticas Inatas/epidemiologia , Humanos , Prevalência , Estudos Retrospectivos , Sri Lanka/epidemiologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS)-based testing in cancer patients has led to increased detection of variants of uncertain significance (VUS). VUS are genetic variants whose impact on protein function is unknown. VUS pose a challenge to clinicians and patients due to uncertainty regarding their cancer predisposition risk. Paucity of data exists on the pattern of VUS in under-represented populations. This study describes the frequency of germline VUS and clinico-pathological features in Sri Lankan hereditary breast cancer patients. METHODS: Data of 72 hereditary breast cancer patients who underwent NGS-based testing between January 2015 and December 2021 were maintained prospectively in a database and analyzed retrospectively. Data were subjected to bioinformatics analysis and variants were classified according to international guidelines. RESULTS: Germline variants were detected in 33/72(45.8%) patients, comprising 16(48.5%) pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants and 17(51.5%) VUS. Distribution of VUS in breast cancer predisposing genes were :APC:1(5.8%), ATM:2(11.7%), BRCA1:1(5.8%), BRCA2:5(29.4%), BRIP1:1(5.8%), CDKN2A:1(5.8%), CHEK2:2(11.7%), FANC1:1(5.8%), MET:1(5.8%), STK11:1(5.8%), NF2:1(5.8%). Mean age at cancer diagnosis in patients with VUS was 51.2 years. Most common tumour histopathology was ductal carcinoma 11(78.6%). 50% of tumours in patients having VUS in BRCA1/2 genes were hormone receptor negative. 73.3% patients had family history of breast cancer. CONCLUSIONS: A significant portion of patients had a germline VUS. Highest frequency was in BRCA2 gene. Majority had family history of breast cancer. This highlights the need to undertake functional genomic studies to determine the biological effects of VUS and identify potentially clinically actionable variants that would be useful for decision-making and patient management.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Feminino , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Proteína BRCA1/genética , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Proteína BRCA2/genética , Estudos Retrospectivos , Sri Lanka/epidemiologia , Mutação em Linhagem Germinativa , Células Germinativas/patologiaRESUMO
AIM: Genetic thrombophilias are known to contribute to adverse pregnancy outcomes. Studies in Western populations show that 5, 10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) 677C>T and Factor V (F5) 1691G>A (Leiden) polymorphisms are commonly associated with pre-eclampsia and recurrent spontaneous pregnancy loss. The objective of this study was to investigate the association of MTHFR 677C>T (rs1801133); 1298A>C (rs1801131) and F5 1691G>A (rs6025); 4070A>G (rs1800595) polymorphisms with pre-eclampsia and recurrent pregnancy loss among Sinhalese women in Sri Lanka. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Genotype and allele frequencies at each polymorphic site in the MTHFR and F5 genes and the haplotypes defined by them were determined in 175 Sinhalese women with pre-eclampsia, 171 normotensive controls, 200 Sinhalese women with two or more recurrent pregnancy losses and 200 controls with two or more living children and no pregnancy losses. Genotyping was done by polymerase chain reaction/restriction fragment length polymorphism. Odds ratios and χ(2) -testing were performed to compare genotype/haplotype frequencies at each polymorphic site for both cases and controls. RESULTS: The genotype frequencies at each polymorphic site in the MTHFR 677C>T; 1298A>C; F5 1691G>A and 4070A>G genes and the haplotypes defined by them were not significantly associated with either pre-eclampsia or recurrent pregnancy loss. There was no significant association of genetic thrombophilia with either early or late pregnancy losses. CONCLUSIONS: The MTHFR and F5 polymorphisms and the haplotypes defined by them were not significantly associated with either pre-eclampsia or recurrent pregnancy loss in this group of Sinhalese women.
Assuntos
Aborto Habitual/genética , Metilenotetra-Hidrofolato Redutase (NADPH2)/genética , Pré-Eclâmpsia/genética , Trombofilia/genética , Adulto , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Humanos , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Gravidez , Sri Lanka , Adulto JovemAssuntos
Hiperoxalúria Primária/genética , Mutação de Sentido Incorreto , Transaminases/genética , Adulto , Consanguinidade , Análise Mutacional de DNA , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Humanos , Hiperoxalúria Primária/diagnóstico , Hiperoxalúria Primária/enzimologia , Hiperoxalúria Primária/cirurgia , Falência Renal Crônica/genética , Falência Renal Crônica/cirurgia , Transplante de Rim , Transplante de Fígado , Masculino , Linhagem , Fenótipo , Sri LankaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Meditation-based practices have been suggested to result in many biological benefits which include reduction of attrition of telomeres, the protective nucleotide-protein complexes at termini of eukaryotic chromosomes. This systematic review evaluated the effects of meditation on telomere length (TL) in healthy adults. METHODS: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies conducted to determine the effects of meditation on TL in healthy individuals, published up to July 2020 were retrieved by searching seven electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CINAHL and Google Scholar). The methodological quality of RCTs and observational studies was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias Tool and Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal checklist, respectively. The data was synthesized narratively and the effect estimates of TL in the RCTs were synthesized using alternative methods as a meta-analysis was not conducted. The certainty of evidence was classified according to the GRADE system. RESULTS: A total of 1740 articles were screened. Five studies comprising two RCTs and three case-control studies (CCS) were included in the final review based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The combined sample consisted of 615 participants with 41.7% males. Average age of participants was 47.7 years. One CCS and one RCT reported significant beneficial effects of meditation on TL while the two remaining CCS and the RCT showed positive effects of meditation on TL which were not significant. For all CCS and one RCT, the methodological quality was high while the remaining RCT was of moderate quality. The quality of evidence for the primary outcome was moderate in RCTs. CONCLUSION: The effect of meditation on TL per se is still unclear. Strictly designed and well-reported RCTs with larger sample sizes are required to provide evidence of higher quality. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: The protocol of this review was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) database (registration number: CRD42020153977 ).
Assuntos
Meditação , Telômero , Adulto , Viés , Feminino , Nível de Saúde , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeAssuntos
Autoantígenos/genética , Colágeno Tipo IV/genética , Mutação , Nefrite Hereditária/genética , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Consanguinidade , Análise Mutacional de DNA , Feminino , Marcadores Genéticos , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Humanos , Masculino , Nefrite Hereditária/diagnóstico , Linhagem , FenótipoRESUMO
The completion of the Human Genome Project in 2003 heralded in a new era marked by remarkable advances in biomedical research leading to the establishment of genomics-based translational medicine mainly in the developed world. However, the development of such advances has been hampered in most parts of the developing world due to scarcity of resources and trained personnel. Genetics and genomic medicine are currently in the process of being integrated into the Sri Lankan health care system. These developments have taken place mainly due to the heightened awareness and increasing demands made by the public for provision of genetic diagnostic and therapeutic services in clinical care. Due to the exorbitant costs incurred in the maintenance of these services and the dearth of adequately trained manpower, only a few centers in the country, mainly in Universities or private sector, are currently engaged in providing these services to the public. This article aims to provide an overview of the genetics and genomic medicine services in Sri Lanka from its early developments to the current state.
Assuntos
Testes Genéticos/estatística & dados numéricos , Genética Médica/métodos , Utilização de Instalações e Serviços , Doenças Genéticas Inatas/diagnóstico , Doenças Genéticas Inatas/epidemiologia , Doenças Genéticas Inatas/genética , Testes Genéticos/métodos , Genética Médica/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Sri LankaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: A previous study undertaken at our centre to identify common genetic variants associated with sporadic breast cancer in Sri Lankan women showed that the T allele of rs3218550, located in the 3'untranslated region of X-ray repair cross-complementing gene-2 (XRCC2), increased breast cancer risk by 1.5-fold. Dual luciferase reporter assays performed in MCF-7 breast cancer cells showed a putative transcriptional repressor effect exerted mainly by the T allele. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays were conducted to further investigate the interaction of this variant with DNA-binding protein, using nuclear protein extracts derived from MCF-7 cells. RESULTS: An allele-specific differential binding was observed. The T allele resulted in differential DNA-protein complex binding as evidenced by the presence of multiple bands of increased intensity compared to the wild-type C allele. This implies possible alteration in binding of regulatory proteins by the variant allele. These results implicate XRCC2:rs3218550C>T as a potential low-penetrant susceptibility allele for sporadic breast cancer. XRCC2 is known to play an essential role in homologous recombination repair of DNA double-strand breaks. It is plausible that this variant may be exerting regulatory effects on XRCC2 gene expression leading to altered DNA repair capacity. Further functional studies are warranted to validate this finding.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/genética , Reparo do DNA , DNA de Neoplasias/genética , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/genética , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Regiões 3' não Traduzidas , Alelos , Neoplasias da Mama/diagnóstico , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Quebras de DNA de Cadeia Dupla , DNA de Neoplasias/metabolismo , Ensaio de Desvio de Mobilidade Eletroforética , Feminino , Expressão Gênica , Frequência do Gene , Genes Reporter , Humanos , Luciferases/genética , Luciferases/metabolismo , Células MCF-7 , Penetrância , Ligação ProteicaRESUMO
Translocations are the most common type of structural chromosomal abnormalities. Unbalanced translocations are usually found in children who present with congenital abnormalities, developmental delay, or intellectual disability. Balanced translocations are usually found in adults who frequently present with reproductive failure; either subfertility, or recurrent pregnancy loss. Herein, we report the spectrum and frequency of translocations in a Sri Lankan cohort. A database of patients undergoing cytogenetic testing was maintained prospectively from January 2007 to December 2016 and analyzed, retrospectively. A total of 15,864 individuals were tested. Among them, 277 (1.7%) had translocations. There were 142 (51.3%) unbalanced translocations and 135 (48.7%) balanced translocations. Majority (160; 57.8%) were Robertsonian translocations. There were 145 (52.3%) children and adolescents aged less than 18 years with translocations, and 142 (97.9%) were unbalanced translocations. Majority [138 (95.2%)] were referred due to congenital abnormalities, developmental delay, or intellectual disability, and 91 were children with translocation Down syndrome. All adults aged 18 years or above (132) had balanced translocations. Subfertility and recurrent pregnancy loss [84 (63.6%)] and offspring(s) with congenital abnormalities [48 (36.4%)] were the most common indications in this group. Majority (68.2%) in this group were females with reciprocal translocations (55.3%). Chromosomes 21, 14, and 13 were the most commonly involved with rob(14q21q) [72 (26%)], rob(21q21q) [30 (13.7%)], and rob(13q14q) [34 (12.3%)] accounting for 52% of the translocations. Chromosomes 1, 8, 11, and 18 were most commonly involved in reciprocal translocations. The observed high frequency of chromosomal translocations in our cohort highlights the importance of undertaking cytogenetic evaluation and providing appropriate genetic counseling for individuals with the phenotypes associated with these translocations.