Pathotyping and Phylogenetic Characterization of Newcastle Disease Viruses Isolated in Peru: Defining Two Novel Subgenotypes Within Genotype XII.

Infections of poultry with virulent strains of avian paramyxovirus 1 (APMV-1), also known as Newcastle disease viruses (NDVs), cause Newcastle disease (ND). This highly contagious disease affects poultry and many other species of birds worldwide. In countries where the disease is prevalent, constant monitoring and characterization of isolates causing outbreaks are necessary. In this study, we report the results of pathogenicity testing and phylogenetic analyses of seven NDVs isolated from several regions of Peru between 2004 and 2015. Six viruses had intracerebral pathogenicity indices (ICPIs) of between 1.75 and 1.88, corresponding to a velogenic pathotype. The remaining virus had an ICPI of 0.00, corresponding to a lentogenic pathotype. These results were consistent with amino acid sequences at the fusion protein (F) cleavage site. All velogenic isolates had the polybasic amino acid sequence 112RRQKR↓F117 at the F cleavage site. Phylogenetic analyses of complete F gene sequences showed that all isolates are classified in class II of APMV-1. The velogenic viruses are classified in genotype XII, while the lentogenic virus is classified in genotype II, closely related to the LaSota vaccine strain. Moreover, tree topology, bootstrap values, and genetic distances observed within genotype XII resulted in the identification of novel subgenotypes XIIa (in South America) and XIIb (in China) and possibly two clades within genotype XIIa. All velogenic Peruvian viruses belonged to subgenotype XIIa. Overall, our results confirm the presence of genotype XII in Peru and suggest that it is the prevalent genotype currently circulating in our country. The phylogenetic characterization of these isolates helps to characterize the evolution of NDV and may help with the development of vaccines specific to our regional necessities.

Enfermedad diverticular del Colon y sus complicaciones en el Hospital `Arzobispo Loayza' / Diverticular disease of the colon and its complications

Se presentan 36 casos de Enfermedad Diverticular del Colon complicada que ingresaron por el servicio de Emergencia en el Hospital Arzobispo Loayza, comprendido entre Enero de 1970 y Setiembre de 1990; siendo intervenidos quirúrgicamente 6 pacientes (16.66 por ciento). El segmento más comprometido fué el colon sigmoides (88.88 por ciento); el síntoma principal fue el dolor a predominio de hemiabdomen inferior izquierdo (35.48 por ciento) con masa palpable del mismo lado (6 pacientes) quienes fueron operados. En el 35 por ciento de los casos el diagnóstico presuntivo fue confirmado, las complicaciones más frecuentes fueron absceso y perforación, con 50 por ciento respectivamente. Los procedimientos quirúrgicos efectuados han sido diferentes y las complicaciones post operatorias fueron, fístula estercorácea y absceso de pared (16.6 por ciento) respectivamente. Se hace una revisión bibliográfica y se concluye que la técnica quirúrgica recomendada es la colostomía con fístula mucosa distal o cierre del segmento distal (método de Hartmann)