Somatic Mutations in KEAP1-NRF2 Complex in Breast Cancer.

Breast cancer remains the leading cause of cancer deaths for women. Long-term estrogen exposure is considered carcinogenic due to semiquinone production and to compromised detoxification. Metabolic regulator polymorphisms, such as KEAP1 (rs1048290) and NRF2 (rs35652124, rs6721961, rs6706649), can be valuable in understanding the individual cytoprotection profile. Thus, we aim to genotype these polymorphisms in blood, tumours and surrounding tissue, to identify somatic mutations and correlate it to prognoses. A total of 23 controls and 69 women with histological confirmed breast cancer were recruited, and DNA from blood/surrounding/tumour tissue was genotyped. Genotyping and clinicopathological data were correlated. We verified that rs35652124 presents different genotype distribution between the blood/surrounding tissue (p-value = 0.023) and tumour/surrounding tissues (p-value = 0.041). Apart from rs35652124 and considering the histological grade, the other four polymorphisms have different distributions among different tissues. There is a tendency towards the loss of heterozygosity in the surrounding tissue when compared to blood and tumour tissues, and higher genotype variability in histologic grade 2. These somatic mutations and different distribution patterns may indicate a heterogeneous and active microenvironment, influencing breast cancer outcome. Additionally, it would be pertinent to evaluate the predictive value of the histologic grade 2 considering somatic mutation profiles and distributions.

A emigração dos assistentes sociais portugueses: faces do trabalho e do desemprego em tempos de crise e austeridade / The emigration of Portuguese social workers: faces of work and unemployment in times of crisis and austerity

A atual crise do capital imprimiu um ciclo de emigração aos diplomados portugueses. Não encontrando possibilidades de trabalho, licenciados, mestres e doutores buscam emprego, impelidos pela ideia de livre circulação dos cidadãos da União Europeia e pela internacionalização da formação superior com o Processo de Bolonha. A emigração dos diplomados portugueses é refletida como uma estratégia do capital no recrutamento de força de trabalho qualificada e excedente e por parte dos trabalhadores no enfrentamento ao desemprego, em determinados países.

The current economical crisis triggered a cycle of emigration among Portuguese graduates. Unable to find job opportunities, graduates, masters and doctors apply for jobs, impelled by the freedom of movement for citizens of the European Union and the internationalization of higher education with the Bologna Process. The Portuguese emigration of graduates is reflected as a capital strategy in recruiting skilled workforce and surplus work and by workers in facing with unemployment in some countries.