RESUMO
Lateral flow immunoassays (LFIA) for rapid detection of specific antibodies (IgM and IgG) against SARS-CoV-2 in different human specimens have been developed in response to the pandemic. The aim of this study is to evaluate three immunocromathographic assays (Sienna®, Wondfo® and Prometheus®) for detection of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in serum samples, considering RT-qPCR as a reference. A total of 145 serum samples from 145 patients with clinical suspicion of COVID-19 were collected: all of the samples were tested with Sienna®, 117 with Wondfo® and 89 with Prometheus®. The overall results of sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value obtained were as follows: 64.4%, 75%, 85.5% and 47.8% with Sienna®; 45.2%, 81.8%, 80.5% and 47.4% with Wondfo® and 75.5%, 12.5%, 51.4% and 29.4% with Prometheus®. The accuracy of the test for Sienna®, Wondfo® and Prometheus® was 67.6%, 59% and 47.2%, with a prevalence of COVID-19 of 69.7%, 62.4% and 55.1% respectively. Sensitivity of the three tests (Sienna®, Wondfo® and Prometheus® respectively) along the three different stages was 36.6%, 18.8% and 68.6% in the early stage (first week); 81.3%, 74.1% and 90.9% in the intermediate stage (second week) and 100%, 83.3% and 100% in the late stage (third week). The results demonstrate that even though Prometheus® presented a high sensitivity, the specificity was notably lower than the other two tests. Sienna® showed the greatest contrast between sensitivity and specificity, achieving the best accuracy, followed by Wondfo®. The sensitivity of the three ICT assays was higher in late stages of the disease.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Betacoronavirus/imunologia , Cromatografia de Afinidade/métodos , Técnicas de Laboratório Clínico/métodos , Infecções por Coronavirus/diagnóstico , Pandemias , Pneumonia Viral/diagnóstico , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Betacoronavirus/patogenicidade , COVID-19 , Teste para COVID-19 , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Infecções por Coronavirus/sangue , Infecções por Coronavirus/epidemiologia , Infecções por Coronavirus/imunologia , Reações Falso-Positivas , Feminino , Humanos , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Imunoglobulina M/sangue , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pneumonia Viral/sangue , Pneumonia Viral/epidemiologia , Pneumonia Viral/imunologia , Kit de Reagentes para Diagnóstico/normas , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa/normas , SARS-CoV-2 , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Espanha/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Disseminated gonococcal infection is a rare presentation of the sexually transmitted pathogen, Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Here, we report the case of a 64-year-old woman with disseminated gonococcal infection, which started with symptoms of oligoarthritis and malaise. Neisseria gonorrhoeae was identified in the carpal synovial fluid. The follow-up study revealed an absence of total hemolytic complement and complement C2 was not detected. Being relatively common, C2 deficiency has been associated with disseminated gonococcal infection in a few cases. We present a new case and discuss those previously published.