Design and implementation of flexible advanced training in rheumatology: report of a pilot programme.

BACKGROUND: Training in medicine is highly demanding and coincides with critical life tasks including relationship development, childbearing and rearing. The rigid requirements of training programmes risk precluding successful achievement of these extracurricular roles, forcing choices between work and other life commitments. Flexible employment structures that facilitate the development of high-quality physicians are needed. AIM: To assess the outcomes of 2 novel flexible training positions in Rheumatology. METHODS: The clinical department, trainees and senior administration designed flexible, part-time advanced training positions in rheumatology. We sought to deliver excellent training, supervision and support while ensuring safe, efficient clinical service delivery within existing systems and cultures. Barriers to implementation were actively identified. We rejected job share arrangements in favour of independent part-time positions anchored to departmental education, clinical and trainee needs. The outcomes of these positions have been determined through regular trainee meetings, clinic activity and costs. RESULTS: Trainees achieved all training requirements, reported high levels of job satisfaction, strong professional development, improved work-life balance and reduction of stress. Outpatient events increased and waiting times have decreased. We estimate that increased rebatable outpatient services have rendered the positions cost neutral. CONCLUSION: Flexible training positions can enhance clinical departments while enabling high-quality training for junior doctors. Further work should consider longer term outcomes and application to different clinical and training settings.

Service user experiences of REFOCUS: a process evaluation of a pro-recovery complex intervention.

PURPOSE: Policy is increasingly focused on implementing a recovery-orientation within mental health services, yet the subjective experience of individuals receiving a pro-recovery intervention is under-studied. The aim of this study was to explore the service user experience of receiving a complex, pro-recovery intervention (REFOCUS), which aimed to encourage the use of recovery-supporting tools and support recovery-promoting relationships. METHODS: Interviews (n = 24) and two focus groups (n = 13) were conducted as part of a process evaluation and included a purposive sample of service users who received the complex, pro-recovery intervention within the REFOCUS randomised controlled trial (ISRCTN02507940). Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. RESULTS: Participants reported that the intervention supported the development of an open and collaborative relationship with staff, with new conversations around values, strengths and goals. This was experienced as hope-inspiring and empowering. However, others described how the recovery tools were used without context, meaning participants were unclear of their purpose and did not see their benefit. During the interviews, some individuals struggled to report any new tasks or conversations occurring during the intervention. CONCLUSION: Recovery-supporting tools can support the development of a recovery-promoting relationship, which can contribute to positive outcomes for individuals. The tools should be used in a collaborative and flexible manner. Information exchanged around values, strengths and goals should be used in care-planning. As some service users struggled to report their experience of the intervention, alternative evaluation approaches need to be considered if the service user experience is to be fully captured.

Common variable immunodeficiency syndrome associated with epidermodysplasia verruciformis.

We report the association of common variable immunodeficiency syndrome with epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV) manifesting as flat warts and squamous cell carcinomas in a 21-year-old Hispanic woman. Human papillomavirus (HPV) typing by polymerase chain reaction using an EV-HPV primer system, cloning, and sequencing detected HPV-8 and HPV-23 DNAs in the biopsy sample. Our case is the second reported case of common variable immunodeficiency syndrome associated with EV.

Supporting recovery in patients with psychosis through care by community-based adult mental health teams (REFOCUS): a multisite, cluster, randomised, controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Mental health policy in many countries is oriented around recovery, but the evidence base for service-level recovery-promotion interventions is lacking. METHODS: We did a cluster, randomised, controlled trial in two National Health Service Trusts in England. REFOCUS is a 1-year team-level intervention targeting staff behaviour to increase focus on values, preferences, strengths, and goals of patients with psychosis, and staff-patient relationships, through coaching and partnership. Between April, 2011, and May, 2012, community-based adult mental health teams were randomly allocated to provide usual treatment plus REFOCUS or usual treatment alone (control). Baseline and 1-year follow-up outcomes were assessed in randomly selected patients. The primary outcome was recovery and was assessed with the Questionnaire about Processes of Recovery (QPR). We also calculated overall service costs. We used multiple imputation to estimate missing data, and the imputation model captured clustering at the team level. Analysis was by intention to treat. This trial is registered, number ISRCTN02507940. FINDINGS: 14 teams were included in the REFOCUS group and 13 in the control group. Outcomes were assessed in 403 patients (88% of the target sample) at baseline and in 297 at 1 year. Mean QPR total scores did not differ between the two groups (REFOCUS group 40·6 [SD 10·1] vs control 40·0 [10·2], adjusted difference 0·68, 95% CI -1·7 to 3·1, p=0·58). High team participation was associated with higher staff-rated scores for recovery-promotion behaviour change (adjusted difference -0·4, 95% CI -0·7 to -0·2, p=0·001) and patient-rated QPR interpersonal scores (-1·6, -2·7 to -0·5, p=0·005) at follow-up than low participation. Patients treated in the REFOCUS group incurred £1062 (95% CI -1103 to 3017) lower adjusted costs than those in the control group. INTERPRETATION: Although the primary endpoint was negative, supporting recovery might, from the staff perspective, improve functioning and reduce needs. Implementation of REFOCUS could increase staff recovery-promotion behaviours and improve patient-rated recovery. FUNDING: National Institute for Health Research.