Detecting the exponential relaxation spectrum in glasses by high-precision nanocalorimetry.

Nonexponential relaxations are universal characteristics for glassy materials. There is a well-known hypothesis that nonexponential relaxation peaks are composed of a series of exponential events, which have not been verified. In this Letter, we discover the exponential relaxation events during the recovery process using a high-precision nanocalorimetry, which are universal for metallic glasses and organic glasses. The relaxation peaks can be well fitted by the exponential Debye function with a single activation energy. The activation energy covers a broad range from α relaxation to ß relaxation and even the fast γ/ß' relaxation. We obtain the complete spectrum of the exponential relaxation peaks over a wide temperature range from 0.63Tg to 1.03Tg, which provides solid evidence that nonexponential relaxation peaks can be decomposed into exponential relaxation units. Furthermore, the contribution of different relaxation modes in the nonequilibrium enthalpy space is measured. These results open a door for developing the thermodynamics of nonequilibrium physics and for precisely modulating the properties of glasses by controlling the relaxation modes.

Genomic analyses of wild argali, domestic sheep, and their hybrids provide insights into chromosome evolution, phenotypic variation, and germplasm innovation.

Understanding the genetic mechanisms of phenotypic variation in hybrids between domestic animals and their wild relatives may aid germplasm innovation. Here, we report the high-quality genome assemblies of a male Pamir argali (O ammon polii, 2n = 56), a female Tibetan sheep (O aries, 2n = 54), and a male hybrid of Pamir argali and domestic sheep, and the high-throughput sequencing of 425 ovine animals, including the hybrids of argali and domestic sheep. We detected genomic synteny between Chromosome 2 of sheep and two acrocentric chromosomes of argali. We revealed consistent satellite repeats around the chromosome breakpoints, which could have resulted in chromosome fusion. We observed many more hybrids with karyotype 2n = 54 than with 2n = 55, which could be explained by the selfish centromeres, the possible decreased rate of normal/balanced sperm, and the increased incidence of early pregnancy loss in the aneuploid ewes or rams. We identified genes and variants associated with important morphological and production traits (e.g., body weight, cannon circumference, hip height, and tail length) that show significant variations. We revealed a strong selective signature at the mutation (c.334C > A, p.G112W) in TBXT and confirmed its association with tail length among sheep populations of wide geographic and genetic origins. We produced an intercross population of 110 F2 offspring with varied number of vertebrae and validated the causal mutation by whole-genome association analysis. We verified its function using CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing. Our results provide insights into chromosomal speciation and phenotypic evolution and a foundation of genetic variants for the breeding of sheep and other animals.

Spatial proximity of tumor-immune interactions predicts patient outcome in hepatocellular carcinoma.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The fitness and viability of a tumor ecosystem are influenced by the spatial organization of its cells. We aimed to study the structure, architecture, and cell-cell dynamics of the heterogeneous liver cancer tumor microenvironment using spatially resolved multiplexed imaging. APPROACH AND RESULTS: We performed co-detection by indexing multiplexed immunofluorescence imaging on 68 HCC biopsies from Thai patients [(Thailand Initiative in Genomics and Expression Research for Liver Cancer (TIGER-LC)] as a discovery cohort, and then validated the results in an additional 190 HCC biopsies from Chinese patients [Liver Cancer Institute (LCI)]. We segmented and annotated 117,270 and 465,632 cells from the TIGER-LC and LCI cohorts, respectively. We observed 4 patient groups of TIGER-LC (IC1, IC2, IC3, and IC4) with distinct tumor-immune cellular interaction patterns. In addition, patients from IC2 and IC4 had much better overall survival than those from IC1 and IC3. Noticeably, tumor and CD8 + T-cell interactions were strongly enriched in IC2, the group with the best patient outcomes. The close proximity between the tumor and CD8 + T cells was a strong predictor of patient outcome in both the TIGER-LC and the LCI cohorts. Bulk transcriptomic data from 51 of the 68 HCC cases were used to determine tumor-specific gene expression features of our classified subtypes. Moreover, we observed that the presence of immune spatial neighborhoods in HCC as a measure of overall immune infiltration is linked to better patient prognosis. CONCLUSIONS: Highly multiplexed imaging analysis of liver cancer reveals tumor-immune cellular heterogeneity within spatial contexts, such as tumor and CD8 + T-cell interactions, which may predict patient survival.

Viral antibody response predicts morbidity and mortality in alcohol-associated hepatitis.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Alcohol-associated hepatitis (AH) is associated with very high mortality despite abstinence from alcohol; up to 40% of patients die within 6 months of diagnosis. Patients with AH are especially prone to infections, which can lead to multiorgan dysfunction and poorer prognosis. APPROACH AND RESULTS: We performed comprehensive serological profiling of the viral and bacterial infection history of 36 healthy controls, 48 patients with alcohol use disorder, and 224 patients with AH from 2 multicenter observational studies. We used systematic viral and bacterial epitope scanning by VirScan, a phage-display immunoprecipitation and sequencing technology that detects the peptides recognized by antibodies in patient sera, to comprehensively analyze antiviral and antibacterial antibodies and identify serologic biomarkers to predict patient outcomes. We found significant differences in the serological profiles of the 3 populations. The number of serum antibody epitopes in patients with alcohol use disorder during abstinence was increased compared with during active alcohol use. A decreased number and diversity of viral and bacterial antibody targets were detected in the sera of patients with AH, particularly those with a higher Child-Pugh score. In patients with AH, a decrease in the serum antiviral, but not antibacterial, antibody repertoire was associated with decompensation and mortality. Ninety-day mortality in AH could be predicted using a serum viral epitope signature. CONCLUSIONS: Abstinence from alcohol is associated with a significant increase in serum viral and bacterial antibody response. Decreased serum antiviral antibody repertoire is predictive of decompensation of liver disease and mortality in patients with AH.

CRAMdb: a comprehensive database for composition and roles of microbiome in animals.

CRAMdb (a database for composition and roles of animal microbiome) is a comprehensive resource of curated and consistently annotated metagenomes for non-human animals. It focuses on the composition and roles of the microbiome in various animal species. The main goal of the CRAMdb is to facilitate the reuse of animal metagenomic data, and enable cross-host and cross-phenotype comparisons. To this end, we consistently annotated microbiomes (including 16S, 18S, ITS and metagenomics sequencing data) of 516 animals from 475 projects spanning 43 phenotype pairs to construct the database that is equipped with 9430 bacteria, 278 archaea, 2216 fungi and 458 viruses. CRAMdb provides two main contents: microbiome composition data, illustrating the landscape of the microbiota (bacteria, archaea, fungi, and viruses) in various animal species, and microbiome association data, revealing the relationships between the microbiota and various phenotypes across different animal species. More importantly, users can quickly compare the composition of the microbiota of interest cross-host or body site and the associated taxa that differ between phenotype pairs cross-host or cross-phenotype. CRAMdb is freely available at (http://www.ehbio.com/CRAMdb).

Deciphering the endometrial niche of human thin endometrium at single-cell resolution.

Thin endometrium has been widely recognized as a critical cause of infertility, recurrent pregnancy loss, and placental abnormalities; however, access to effective treatment is a formidable challenge due to the rudimentary understanding of the pathogenesis of thin endometrium. Here, we profiled the transcriptomes of human endometrial cells at single-cell resolution to characterize cell types, their communications, and the underlying mechanism of endometrial growth in normal and thin endometrium during the proliferative phase. Stromal cells were the most abundant cell type in the endometrium, with a subpopulation of proliferating stromal cells whose cell cycle signaling pathways were compromised in thin endometrium. Both single-cell RNA sequencing and experimental verification revealed cellular senescence in the stroma and epithelium accompanied by collagen overdeposition around blood vessels. Moreover, decreased numbers of macrophages and natural killer cells further exacerbated endometrial thinness. In addition, our results uncovered aberrant SEMA3, EGF, PTN, and TWEAK signaling pathways as causes for the insufficient proliferation of the endometrium. Together, these data provide insight into therapeutic strategies for endometrial regeneration and growth to treat thin endometrium.

A loss-of-function mutation in OsTZF5 confers sensitivity to low temperature and effects the growth and development in rice.

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is highly sensitive to low temperatures, which can significantly reduce its production. Cold tolerance in rice is a complex trait regulated by multiple mechanisms. OsTZF5, a member of the CCCH-type zinc finger gene family in rice, has been previously reported that overexpressing OsTZF5 under the stress-responsive promoter can confer drought resistance. In this study, we showed that the loss of function mutants of OsTZF5 decreased seed germination rate and chilling tolerance in rice, and influencing normal growth and development. OsTZF5 is expressed in various parts of the rice plant, including roots, stems, leaves and inflorescences, with the highest expression levels observed in leaves. Additionally, the expression of OsTZF5 gene was influenced by various stress conditions and hormone treatments. OsTZF5 knock-out mutants exhibited significantly lower survival rates compared to the wild type (Zhonghua11, ZH11) after cold stress, as well as fewer tillers, lower thousand-grain weight, and reduced grain yield under normal conditions. Transcriptomic analyses revealed that the expression of cold stress-related genes was significantly down-regulated in OsTZF5 knock-out mutants compared to ZH11 after cold stress. This down-regulation likely contributes to the reduced cold stress tolerance observed in OsTZF5 knock-out mutants. Our findings suggest that OsTZF5 is a multifunctional gene that plays a crucial role in regulating cold stress in rice.

Reversible Temperature Sensing using Blue-Winged Grasshopper Coloracris azureus Wings.

Thermochromic materials have been widely investigated due to their relevance in technological applications, including anti-counterfeiting materials, fashion accessories, displays, and temperature sensors. While many organisms exhibit color changes, few studies have explored the potential of the responsive natural materials for temperature sensing, especially given the often limited and irreversible nature of these changes in live specimens. Here, it is shown that the hindwings of the blue-winged grasshopper Coloracris azureus can act as a reversible, power-free bio-thermometer, transitioning from blue to purple/red in a 30-100°C temperature range. Using microspectrophotometry, light microscopy and Raman microscopy, it is found that the blue color of the wings originates from pigmentary coloration, based on a complex of astaxanthin and proteins. The thermochromic shift from blue to red, induced by a temperature increase, is attributed to a denaturation of this carotenoprotein complex, upon which astaxanthin is released. This process is reversible upon a subsequent temperature decrease. The color changes are both swift and consistent upon temperature change, making the grasshopper's wings suitable as direct visual sensors on thermally dynamic, curved surfaces. The potential possibilities of sustainable, power-free temperature sensors or microthermometers based on biomaterials are demonstrated.

Electrolyte Engineering with TFA- Anion-Rich Solvation Structure to Construct Highly Stable Zn2+/Na+ Dual-Salt Batteries.

Electrolyte engineering is recognized as an effective technique for high-performance aqueous zinc-ion rechargeable batteries, addressing difficulties such as free water decomposition, zinc anode corrosion, and zinc dendrite growth. Different from traditional strategies in aqueous electrolyte systems, this work focuses on organic electrolytes involving zinc trifluoroacetate hydrate (Zn(TFA)2·xH2O), sodium trifluoroacetate (NaTFA) dual-salt and acetonitrile (AN) solvent, in which trifluoroacetate anions (TFA- anions) have strong affinity toward zinc ions to form anion-rich solvates, thus inducing an inorganic-rich solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) to protect Zn from dendrite growth and side reactions. The Zn anode manifests long-term cycling over 2400 h at a current density of 0.5 mA cm-2 with a high Coulombic efficiency (CE) of 99.75%, showing an areal capacity as high as 5 mAh cm-2. Owing to the high reversibility of the sodium ions intercalation/deintercalation process in Na2MnFe(CN)6, the Zn//Na2MnFe(CN)6 full cells with the dual-salt electrolyte perform much better in terms of capacity retention than a device with Zn(TFA)2/AN electrolyte. This approach may open a new avenue for efficient zinc-ion rechargeable batteries via developing organic electrolytes.

Optimization Strategy in Hydrogen Storage Performance of Ti─V─Cr─Mn Alloys via LiAlH4.

V-based solid solution materials hold a significant position in the realm of hydrogen storage materials because of its high hydrogen storage capacity. However, the current dehydrogenation temperature of V-based solid solution exceeds 350 °C, making it challenging to fulfill the appliance under moderate conditions. Here advancements in the hydrogen storage properties and related mechanisms of TiV1.1Cr0.3Mn0.6 + x LiAlH4 (x = 0, 5, 8, 10 wt.%) composites is presented. According to the first principle calculation analysis, the inclusion of Al and Li atoms will lower the binding energy of hydride, thus enhancing the hydrogen absorption reaction and significantly decreasing the activation difficulty. Furthermore, based on crystal orbital Hamilton population (COHP) analysis, the strength of the V─H and Ti─H bonds after doping LiAlH4 are reduced, leading to a decrease of the hydrogen release activation energy (Ea) for the V-based solid solution material, thus the hydrogen release process is easier to carry out. Additionally, the structure of doped LiAlH4 exhibits an outstanding hydrogen release rate of 2.001 wt.% at 323 K and remarkable cycling stability.

Spatially Confined Radical Addition Reaction for Electrochemical Synthesis of Carboxylated Graphene and its Applications in Water Desalination and Splitting.

Due to the chemical stability of graphene, synthesis of carboxylated graphene still remains challenging during the electrochemical exfoliation of graphite. In this work, a spatially confined radical addition reaction which occurs in the sub-nanometer scaled interlayers of the expanded graphene sheets for the electrochemical synthesis of highly stable carboxylated graphene is reported. Here, formate anions act as both intercalation ions and co-reactant acid for the confinement of electro-generated carboxylic radical (●COOH) in the sub-nanometer scaled interlayers, which facilitates the radical addition reaction on graphene sheets. The controllable carboxylation of graphene is realized by tuning the concentration of formate anions in the electrolyte solution. The high crystallinity of the obtained product indicates the occurrence of spatially confined ●COOH addition reaction between the sub-nanometer interlayers of expanded graphite. In addition, the carboxylated graphene have been used for water desalination and hydrogen/oxygen reduction reaction. Therefore, this work provides a new method for the in situ preparation of functionalized graphene through the electrolysis and its applications in water desalination and hydrogen/oxygen reduction reactions.

Sheet-Isolated MoS2 Used for Dispersing Pt Nanoparticles and its Application in Methanol Fuel Cells.

It is highly challenging to activate the basal plane and minimize the π-π stacking of MoS2 sheets, thus enhancing its catalytic performance. Here, we display an approach for making well-dispersed MoS2 . By using the N-doped multi-walled carbon nanotubes (NMWCNTs) as an isolation unit, the aggregation of MoS2 sheets was effectively reduced, favoring the dispersion of Pt nanoparticles (noted as Pt/NMWCNTs-isolated-MoS2 ). Excellent bifunctional catalytic performance for methanol oxidation and oxygen reduction reaction (MOR/ORR) were demonstrated by the produced Pt/NMWCNTs-isolated-MoS2 . In comparison to Pt nanoparticles supported on MoS2 (Pt/MoS2 ), the MOR activity (2314.14 mA mgpt -1 ) and stability (317.69 mA mgpt -1 after 2 h of operation) on Pt/NMWCNTs-isolatedMoS2 were 24 and 232 times higher, respectively. As for ORR, Pt/NMWCNTs-isolated-MoS2 holds large half-wave potential (0.88 V) and high stability (92.71 % after 22 h of operation). This work presents a tactic for activating the basal planes and reducing the π-π stacking of 2D materials to satisfy their applications in electrocatalysis. In addition, the proposed sheet-isolation method can be used for fabricating other 2D materials to promote the dispersion of nanoparticles, which assist its application in other fields of energy as well as the environment.

Microscopic in situ observation of electromechanical instability in a dielectric elastomer actuator utilizing transparent carbon nanotube electrodes.

Electromechanical instability (EMI) restricts the performance of dielectric elastomer actuators (DEAs), leading to premature electrical breakdown at a certain voltage. However, macro-level observations using traditional carbon grease electrodes have failed to capture the detailed features of EMI. In this study, we investigated EMI at the microscopic scale by fabricating transparent and conductive single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) electrodes. Our findings reveal that EMI predominantly occurs in highly localized regions with dimensions on the order of tens of micrometers. This snap-through instability is likely induced by pre-existing defects within the elastomer, such as air voids or conductive particles, which reduce the critical voltage required for EMI in the flawed areas. From the perspective of phase transition principles, these defects act as heterogeneous nucleation sites for new phase embryos, thereby lowering the energy barrier for the electromechanical phase transition (i.e., EMI) compared to homogeneous nucleation in an ideally impurity-free elastomer. This study clarifies the longstanding discrepancy between theoretically predicted deformation bursts and the experimentally observed macroscopic continuous expansion of DEAs under low pre-stretch conditions. Additionally, it underscores the critical importance of material purity in mitigating electromechanical instability.

Ambient fine particulate matter and Life's essential 8 and mortality in adults in China: A Nationwide retrospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Enhanced cardiovascular health (CVH) is linked to reduced mortality risks, whereas long-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5), elevates these risks. Whether long-term exposure to PM2.5 counteracts the health benefits of high CVH is unknown. The study aims to evaluate whether the association of CVH assessed by Life's Essential 8 (LE8) with death was consistent between participants with different PM2.5 exposures. METHODS: We included 134,727 participants in the field survey of China Chronic Disease and Risk Factor Surveillance which was conducted from August 2013 to June 2014. The deaths of participants were obtained by linking to the National Mortality Surveillance System (2013-2018). The environmental data is obtained by satellite inversion. The participants' CVH scores were calculated using the LE8 method. Hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) for mortality were calculated using Cox regression models. RESULTS: A total of 2,936 all-cause deaths and 1,158 cardiovascular disease (CVD) deaths were recorded. Compared to those with low CVH, adults with high CVH demonstrated a reduced risk of all-cause mortality, irrespective of their PM2.5 exposure levels (P < 0.05, all P for interaction >0.05). Furthermore, in comparison to those with low CVH and highest PM2.5 exposure, adults with high CVH and lowest PM2.5 exposure exhibited HR of 0.18 (95%CI, 0.12-0.25) for all-cause mortality and 0.13 (95%CI, 0.08-0.22) for CVD mortality. CONCLUSIONS: High CVH is associated with reduced all-cause mortality risk, regardless of PM2.5 exposure levels. For Chinese adults, sustaining high CVH is advisable, irrespective of their residential location.

Selective S-arylation of thiols with o-OTf-substituted diaryliodonium salts toward diarylsulfides.

In contrast to the previously reported intramolecular aryl migration, we present the selective sulfenylation of ortho-trifluoromethanesulfonate (OTf) substituted diaryliodonium salts with thiols. As such, diarylsulfides bearing vicinal OTf groups were synthesized in good yields. The unique reactivity of the vicinal OTf group and the sulfur atom in arylsulfides offers further transformations.

Selective detection of ionic liquid fluorescence probes for visual colorimetry of different metal ions.

At present, the fast distinction of different metal ions in pure water media is not only a great challenge, but also drives the protection of water quality in environmental water bodies. In this paper, a novel ionic liquid fluorescent probe Glycolic Acid-L-Arginine (GA-L-Arg) was rationally created and designed through an in-depth study of ionic liquids. It is also used as an innovative multi-ion fluorescent probe for colorimetric detection and separate identification of Fe3+ and Co2+ in aqueous solutions of various metal ions. GA-L-Arg has excellent water solubility due to the strong hydrophilicity of Glycolic Acid and L-Arginine. The probe showed high sensitivity, extremely significant selectivity, and great pH stability for Fe3+ and Co2+ in pure water. The GA-L-Arg structure and the mechanism of Fe3+ and Co2+ detection were analyzed by infrared spectroscopic characterization and quantum chemical calculations. More importantly, the distinct colorimetric partitioning of Fe3+ and Co2+ was performed by the unique extraction of Fe3+ in the presence of the fluorescent probe and buffer solution.

Genome-wide characterization of Remorin gene family and their responsive expression to abiotic stresses and plant hormone in Brassica napus.

KEY MESSAGE: Remorin proteins could be positively related to salt and osmotic stress resistance in rapeseed. Remorins (REMs) play a crucial role in adaptations to adverse environments. However, their roles in abiotic stress and phytohormone responses in oil crops are still largely unknown. In this study, we identified 47 BnaREM genes in the B.napus genome. Phylogenetic relationship and synteny analysis revealed that they were categorized into 5 distinct groups and have gone through 55 segmental duplication events under purifying selection. Gene structure and conserved domains analysis demonstrated that they were highly conserved and all BnaREMs contained a conserved Remorin_C domain, with a variable N-terminal region. Promoter sequence analysis showed that BnaREM gene promoters contained various hormones and stress-related cis-acting elements. Transcriptome data from BrassicaEDB database exhibited that all BnaREMs were ubiquitously expressed in buds, stamens, inflorescences, young leaves, mature leaves, roots, stems, seeds, silique pericarps, embryos and seed coats. The qRT-PCR analysis indicated that most of them were responsive to ABA, salt and osmotic treatments. Further mutant complementary experiments revealed that the expression of BnaREM1.3-4C-1 in the Arabidopsis rem1.3 mutant restored the retarded growth phenotype and the ability to resistance to salt and osmotic stresses. Our findings provide fundamental information on the structure and evolutionary relationship of the BnaREM family genes in rapeseed, and reveal the potential function of BnaREM1.3-4C-1 in stress and hormone response.

Survival analysis of patients with extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: a nomogram for clinical and MRI features.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to establish a predictive model to estimate the postoperative prognosis of patients with extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ECC) based on preoperative clinical and MRI features. METHODS: A total of 104 patients with ECC confirmed by surgery and pathology were enrolled from January 2013 to July 2021, whose preoperative clinical, laboratory, and MRI data were retrospectively collected and examined, and the effects of clinical and imaging characteristics on overall survival (OS) were analyzed by constructing Cox proportional hazard regression models. A nomogram was constructed to predict OS, and calibration curves and time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were employed to assess OS accuracy. RESULTS: Multivariate regression analyses revealed that gender, DBIL, ALT, GGT, tumor size, lesion's position, the signal intensity ratio of liver to paraspinal muscle (SIRLiver/Muscle), and the signal intensity ratio of spleen to paraspinal muscle (SIRSpleen/Muscle) on T2WI sequences were significantly associated with OS, and these variables were included in a nomogram. The concordance index of nomogram for predicting OS was 0.766, and the AUC values of the nomogram predicting 1-year and 2-year OS rates were 0.838 and 0.863, respectively. The calibration curve demonstrated good agreement between predicted and observed OS. 5-fold and 10-fold cross-validation show good stability of nomogram predictions. CONCLUSIONS: Our nomogram based on clinical, laboratory, and MRI features well predicted OS of ECC patients, and could be considered as a convenient and personalized prediction tool for clinicians to make decisions.

Microbial Community Structure and Metabolism of Xinjiang Fine-Wool Sheep based on High-Throughput Sequencing Technology.

It turns out that the more than trillion microorganisms living in the host's digestive tract are crucial for maintaining nutrient intake, environmental suitability, and physiological mechanism. Xinjiang fine-wool sheep is an exclusive breed for wool in China, which has excellent stress tolerance. In this study, we collected feces and blood samples of 20 Xinjiang fine-wool sheep under the same genetic characteristics, the Fine-Wool Sheep (FWS) group and the Control Fine-Wool Sheep (CFWS) group were set up according to the differs in phenotypic characteristics of their wool. By 16S rRNA amplicon sequence, ITS1 region amplicons and Targeted Metabolomics, we analyzed the microbial community structure of fecal microorganisms and Short Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs) in serum of the Xinjiang fine-wool sheep. Fecal microbial sequencing showed that the bacterial composition and structure were similar between the two groups, whereas there were significant differences in the composition and structure of the fungal community. It was also found that the abundant of Neocallimastigomycota in the intestinal fungal community of FWS was higher. In addition, the results of the serum SCFAs content analysis showed that butyric acid was significantly differences than those two groups. Correlation analysis between SCFAs and bacteria found that butyric acid metabolism had positively correlated (P < 0.05) with Ruminococcus and UCG-005. Overall, our data provide more supplement about the gut microbes community composition and structure of the Xinjiang fine-wool sheep. These results might be useful for improving gut health of sheep and taking nutritional control measure to improve production traits of animals in future.

Impact of campus closure during COVID-19 on lifestyle, educational performance, and anxiety levels of college students in China.

BACKGROUND: Higher education students exhibit heightened sensitivity to environmental changes as they navigate the critical transition from adolescence to adulthood. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has posed unprecedented challenges to universities worldwide, exemplifying a crisis that profoundly affects the learning outcomes and psychological status of college students. Although it is known that campus lockdown has triggered dramatic changes in lifestyles, learning outcomes, and psychological statuses, in-depth knowledge of the causal relationships among these changes remains largely unclear. METHODS: Here, we conducted a cross-sectional survey designed to assess the impact of campus closure during COVID-19 on lifestyle, educational performance, and anxiety levels among college students. We surveyed over 3,500 junior college, undergraduate and graduate participants from 94 colleges/universities across 30 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions in China.We employed structural equation modeling (SEM) to explore the relationships between changes in lifestyle, educational performance, and levels of anxiety associated with campus open or closure regulations during the COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS: Our results discovered that sleep duration, physical activity involvement, and social connections were crucial for sustaining students' learning outcomes and mental health. The shift to online learning and campus lockdown exacerbated stressors, contributing to heightened anxiety (ß = 0.066), disrupted sleep patterns, and enhanced physical activity (ß = 0.070) and reduced learning effect (ß = -0.059). Sleep patterns were disrupted by the campus lockdown, an effect mediated by the degradation of relationships among classmates. Nonetheless, the best-fitting SEM uncovered the intricate relationships among lifestyle changes, learning outcomes, and psychological status in response to sudden environmental changes (Fisher's C = 80.949, P = 0.328). These results highlight the critical role of adaptable, supportive campus policies tailored to meet the diverse needs and interests of students during and beyond crises (Fisher's C = 59.568, P = 0.809). CONCLUSIONS: Our study advocates for a holistic approach that addresses the multifaceted aspects of student life to cultivate a resilient academic community. This approach contributes to a deeper understanding of the effects of sudden environmental changes on students' psychological well-being and academic performance in the post-pandemic era.