Propagation of Bessel Gaussian beams through non-Kolmogorov turbulence based on Rytov theory.

The average intensity of the Bessel Gaussian beams propagating through the non-Kolmogorov turbulence based on Rytov theory is derived without the quantic approximation in this paper. Therefore, this result is comparatively more accurate than that calculated by the extended Huygens-Fresnel principle, especially when the inner scale of the turbulence is small or the beams width is large. There is an interesting finding which does not exist in Gaussian beams propagation. It is the intensity variation with the inner scale that displays different behaviors when the beams width is different. Moreover, there will be some beams with specific source width, whose average intensities on the axis do not affected by the turbulence after the inner scale increasing to a certain value as their turbulence perturbation is zero. And the beams here become to the flat top beams. In summary, this paper provides an accurate method for the investigation of the Bessel Gaussian beams propagation through the non-Kolmogorov turbulence and improves the theoretical basis for the applications.

Responsiveness of Nasal Provocation Testing-But Not Skin Test and Specific Immunoglobulin E Blood Level-Correlates With Severity of Allergic Rhinitis in Dermatophagoides Species-Sensitized Patients.

Background The results of skin and blood allergen testing are not consistently relevant to clinical manifestations in allergic patients. Objective The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between severity of allergic rhinitis and different allergen diagnostic tests in Dermatophagoides species-sensitized patients. Methods Study subjects included 65 rhinitis patients-50 with Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (DP) sensitization (DP+) and 15 without DP sensitization (DP-), and 15 DP+ and 37 DP- healthy controls (HCs) confirmed by allergen skin prick (SPT) and blood specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) tests. The Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire (RQLQ) was tested. All subjects underwent DP nasal provocation test (DP-NPT). Visual analogue scoring (VAS) of nasal symptoms and nasal airway resistance (NAR) were measured before and after NPT. Correlations between the 3 allergen tests and score of RQLQ were performed. Results All rhinitis subjects had significantly higher VAS and NAR after DP-NPT than HCs ( P < .01). All DP+ rhinitis, 40% of DP- rhinitis subjects, 13.3% of DP+ HCs and 0% of DP- HCs had positive DP-NPT. Dose of positive DP-NPT positively correlated with SPT diameter and sIgE level in all tested subjects ( P < .001). Score of RQLQ positively correlated with dose of DP-NPT ( P < .001), but not with SPT diameter and sIgE level in rhinitis patients. Conclusion Although DP nasal provocation, skin prick wheal size and blood sIgE level correlate with each other, only nasal provocation testing is associated with severity of nasal symptoms. It is suggested that NPT should be performed to verify a clinically relevant allergy.