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The mechanical properties of the cornea in corneal ectasia disease undergo a significant reduction, yet the alterations in mechanical properties within distinct corneal regions remain unclear. In this study, we established a rabbit corneal ectasia model by employing collagenase II to degrade the corneal matrix within a central diameter of 6 mm. Optical coherence tomography was employed for the in vivo assessment of corneal morphology (corneal thickness and corneal curvature) one month after operation. Anisotropy and viscoelastic characteristics of corneal tissue were evaluated through biaxial and uniaxial testing, respectively. The results demonstrated a marked decrease in central corneal thickness, with no significant changes observed in corneal curvature. Under different strains, the elastic modulus of the cornea exhibited no significant differences in the up-down and naso-temporal directions between the control and model groups. However, the cornea in the model group displayed a significantly lower elastic modulus compared to the control group. Specifically, the elastic modulus of the central region cornea in the model group was significantly lower than that of the entire cornea within the same group. Moreover, in comparison to the control group, the cornea in the model group exhibited a significant increase in both creep rate and overall deformation rate. The instantaneous modulus and equilibrium modulus were significantly reduced in the model cornea. No significant differences were observed between the entire cornea and the central cornea concerning these parameters. The results indicate that corneal anisotropy remains unchanged in collagenase-induced ectatic cornea. However, a significant reduction in viscoelastic properties is noticed. This study provides valuable insights for investigating changes in corneal mechanical properties within different regions of ectatic corneal disease.
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Córnea , Doenças da Córnea , Animais , Coelhos , Dilatação Patológica , Anisotropia , ColagenasesRESUMO
The surface ligands of nanoparticles (NPs) play essential roles in material synthesis, properties, and applications. Chiral molecules have been the new hot topic in tuning the properties of inorganic NPs. Herein, l-arginine- and d-arginine-stabilized ZnO NPs were prepared, and the TEM, UV-vis, and PL spectra were investigated, which demonstrated that the l-arginine and d-arginine have different effects on the self-assembly and photoluminescence properties of ZnO NPs, showing an evident chiral effect. Furthermore, the results of the cell viability assays, plate counting method, and bacterial SEM images showed that ZnO@LA possessed lower biocompatibility and higher antibacterial efficiency than those of ZnO@DA, implying that the chiral molecules on the surface of nanomaterials may affect their bioproperties.
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Nanopartículas Metálicas , Nanopartículas , Óxido de Zinco , Óxido de Zinco/farmacologia , Arginina , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Nanopartículas Metálicas/toxicidadeRESUMO
Polylactide (PLA) is one of the most promising polymers that has been widely used for the repair of damaged tissues due to its biocompatibility and biodegradability. PLA composites with multiple properties, such as mechanical properties and osteogenesis, have been widely investigated. Herein, PLA/graphene oxide (GO)/parathyroid hormone (rhPTH(1-34)) nanofiber membranes were prepared using a solution electrospinning method. The tensile strength of the PLA/GO/rhPTH(1-34) membranes was 2.64 MPa, nearly 110% higher than that of a pure PLA sample (1.26 MPa). The biocompatibility and osteogenic differentiation test demonstrated that the addition of GO did not markedly affect the biocompatibility of PLA, and the alkaline phosphatase activity of PLA/GO/rhPTH(1-34) membranes was about 2.3-times that of PLA. These results imply that the PLA/GO/rhPTH(1-34) composite membrane may be a candidate material for bone tissue engineering.
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Nanofibras , Engenharia Tecidual , Engenharia Tecidual/métodos , Alicerces Teciduais , Osteogênese , Poliésteres , Hormônio ParatireóideoRESUMO
Chirality is common in nature and plays the essential role in maintaining physiological process. Chiral inorganic nanomaterials with intense optical activity have attracted more attention due to amazing properties in recent years. Over the past decades, many efforts have been paid to the preparation and chirality origin of chiral nanomaterials; furthermore, emerging biological applications have been investigated widely. This review mainly summarizes recent advances in chiral nanomaterials. The top-down and bottom-up preparation methods and chirality origin of chiral nanomaterials are introduced; besides, the biological applications, such as sensing, therapy, and catalysis, will be introduced comprehensively. Finally, we also provide a perspective on the biomedical applications of chiral nanomaterials.
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Nanoestruturas , Catálise , EstereoisomerismoRESUMO
Femtosecond laser small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) with different residual stromal thicknesses (RST) is set to investigate its effect on corneal biomechanical properties of rabbits in vivo. In this study, 24 healthy adult Japanese rabbits were randomly divided into group A and B. The RST of group A was set 30% of the corneal central thickness (CCT), and the RST of group B was 50% of the CCT. The thickness of the corneal cap in both groups was set one third of CCT. Corneal visualization Scheimpflug technology (Corvis ST) and Pentacam three-dimensional anterior segment analyzer were used to determine corneal biomechanical and morphological parameters before surgery, and 1 week, 1 month and 3 months after surgery. Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze factors affecting corneal biomechanical parameters after SMILE. The results showed that the corneal stiffness of group A was significantly higher than that of group B at 1 week and 1 month after surgery, and most biomechanical parameters returned to preoperative levels at 3 months postoperatively. The results of correlation analysis showed that postoperative CCT and RST were the main factors affecting corneal biomechanical parameters after SMILE. There was no significant difference in corneal posterior surface height (PE) between 3 months after surgery and before surgery in both two groups. It indicates that although the ability to resist deformation of cornea decreases in SMILE with thicker corneal cap and less RST, there is no tendency to keratoconus, which may be related to the preservation of more anterior stromal layer.
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Córnea , Animais , Fenômenos Biomecânicos , Córnea/fisiologia , Córnea/cirurgia , Período Pós-Operatório , CoelhosRESUMO
PURPOSE: To determine if ocular ductions deform intrapapillary and peripapillary tissues in optic nerve head drusen (ONHD) and to compare these deformations with healthy eyes and eyes with other optic neuropathies. DESIGN: Observational case series. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty patients with ONHD. METHODS: Axial rasters of the optic nerve from a spectral-domain OCT device (Cirrus 5000; Carl Zeiss Meditec, Inc, Dublin, CA) were used to analyze the shape of the peripapillary basement membrane (ppBM) layer in 20 confirmed cases of ONHD. We compared registered images obtained from 2 eye positions: 10° to 15° in adduction and 30° to 40° in abduction. Geometric morphometrics was used to analyze the shape of the ppBM layer defined by placing 10 equidistant landmarks extending 2500 µm on both sides of the basement membrane opening. We also adapted an image strain tracking technique to measure regional intrapapillary strains in 6 patients. Using manually placed nodes on the reference image (in adduction), an iterative, block-matching algorithm is used to determine local displacements between the reference and its paired image in abduction. Displacement vectors were used to calculate the mean shear and effective strain (percent change). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Peripapillary shape deformations, intrapapillary shear strains, and effective strains. RESULTS: We found a statistically significant difference in the shape of the ppBM layer between abduction and adduction (P < 0.01). The deformation was characterized by a relative posterior displacement temporally in adduction that reversed in abduction. Strain tracking in all 6 patients showed substantial gaze-induced shearing and effective strains. Mean effective strains were 7.5% outside the drusen. Shear and effective strains were significantly larger outside versus within the drusen (P < 0.003 and P < 0.01, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that horizontal ocular ductions induce significant shearing deformations of the peripapillary retina and prelaminar intrapapillary tissues. We also found that the deformations in healthy persons are similar in magnitude to ONHD. Based on these findings, we speculate that patients with intrapapillary calcifications exposed to the long-term effects of repetitive shearing (induced by ocular ductions) may contribute to the progressive axonal loss and vascular complications associated with ONHD.
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Fixação Ocular/fisiologia , Drusas do Disco Óptico/fisiopatologia , Doenças Retinianas/fisiopatologia , Vasos Retinianos/fisiopatologia , Transtornos da Visão/fisiopatologia , Campos Visuais/fisiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Membrana Basal/fisiopatologia , Fenômenos Biomecânicos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fibras Nervosas/patologia , Drusas do Disco Óptico/complicações , Drusas do Disco Óptico/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças Retinianas/etiologia , Tomografia de Coerência Óptica , Transtornos da Visão/etiologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Visible light driven photocatalysts based on crystalline microporous metal halogenides received much less attention compared with dense or composite oxide semiconductors. Using the well-known photosensitive transition metal-complexes [TM(2,2-bipy)3 ]2+ (TM=Fe, Co, Ni, Ru) as templates, a special three-dimensional (3D) metal halogenide framework of [TM(2,2-bipy)3 ]Cu4 Br6 was designed with [Cu4 Br4 ] cluster as 4-connected node. These microporous materials feature narrow band gaps and stable visible light driven photocatalytic properties including water reduction to provide H2 and photodegradation of organic pollutants. The study of electronic band structure shows that the TM complexes effectively prevent the recombination of photo-induced electron/hole pairs leading to excellent photocatalytic activity and photochemical stability. This work represents the first 3D microporous metal halogenides used as visible light driven photocatalyst to provide hydrogen energy.
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The commercialization of lithium metal batteries (LMBs) is encountering significant challenges due to the electrolyte incompatibility and poor mechanical properties of polyolefin separators, as well as the hazardous growth of lithium dendrites at the anode. Simultaneously, the development of safe and environmentally-friendly separators has become a central focus in rechargeable battery technology. In this study, we introduce a novel Janus separator (CP@SiO2), featuring a composite structure with cellulose paper (CP) as the base layer and electrospun polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) nanofibers as the top layer. The nanofibers are uniformly coated with mesoporous SiO2 nanoparticles through hydrogen bonding. The CP@SiO2 separator leverages its three-dimensional lithium-ion channels and rigid ceramic particles to enhance electrolyte retention and stabilize lithium metal anodes (LMA). Shielded by this separator, LMA exhibits an impressive cycling performance, enduring a current density of 2 mA cm-2 for 350 h without short-circuiting, effectively doubling the cycle life compared to conventional PP separators. Furthermore, the Li/LiFePO4 cell utilizing the CP@SiO2 separator demonstrates a high capacity of 101 mAh·g-1 at 5C, with 90 % capacity retention after 1000 cycles. This outstanding electrochemical performance is attributed to the compatible anode/separator interface and the effective inhibition of lithium dendrite growth. The research presented in this work capitalizes on a synergistic configuration design, offering a promising pathway towards the development of high-safety and advanced lithium-ion separators.
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Periodontitis is a chronic disease caused by bacterial infection and is characterized with alveolar bone resorption. Bone regeneration in periodontitis remains a critical challenge because bacterial infection induced an unfavorable microenvironment for osteogenesis. Therefore, it is necessary to design proper therapeutic platforms to control bacterial infection and promote bone regeneration. Herein, mesoporous bioactive glass (MBG) with different pore sizes (3.0, 4.3, and 12.3 nm) was used as an in situ reactor to confine the growth of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs), forming MBG@Au hybrids which combine the osteoconductivity of MBG and antibacterial properties of Au NPs. Upon near-infrared (NIR) irradiation, the MBG@Au NPs showed efficient antibacterial properties both in vitro and in vivo. Besides, the osteogenesis properties of MBG@Au also improved under NIR irradiation. Furthermore, the in vivo results demonstrated that MBG@Au can effectively promote alveolar bone regeneration and realize the healing of serious periodontitis.
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Antibacterianos , Regeneração Óssea , Vidro , Ouro , Nanopartículas Metálicas , Periodontite , Periodontite/tratamento farmacológico , Nanopartículas Metálicas/química , Nanopartículas Metálicas/uso terapêutico , Ouro/química , Ouro/farmacologia , Ouro/uso terapêutico , Animais , Porosidade , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Antibacterianos/química , Regeneração Óssea/efeitos dos fármacos , Vidro/química , Camundongos , Osteogênese/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Porphyromonas gingivalis/efeitos dos fármacos , HumanosRESUMO
Dental implants have been extensively used in patients with defects or loss of dentition. However, the loss or failure of dental implants is still a critical problem in clinic. Therefore, many methods have been designed to enhance the osseointegration between the implants and native bone. Herein, the challenge and healing process of dental implant operation will be briefly introduced. Then, various surface modification methods and emerging biomaterials used to tune the properties of dental implants will be summarized comprehensively.
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Insufficient bone regeneration and bacterial infection are two major concerns of bone repair materials. Poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) have been widely used in bone tissue engineering (BTE), however, lack of osteogenic and antibacterial properties have greatly limit its clinical application. Herein, PLLA membrane was firstly treated with polydopamine (PDA), and then modified with ε-polylysine (ε-PL) and alginate (ALG) via layer-by-layer method. The (ε-PL/ALG)n composite layer coated PLLA (PLLA@(ε-PL/ALG)n) could facilitates the adhesion and osteoblast differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells. Furthermore, PLLA@(ε-PL/ALG)n presents an effective antibacterial efficacy against S. aureus and E. coli, and the bacterial survival rates of S. aureus and E. coli on PLLA@(ε-PL/ALG)10 were 21.5 ± 3.5 % and 13 ± 2.1 %, respectively. This work provides a promising method to design PLLA materials with osteogenic and antibacterial activity simultaneously. Furthermore, the method is also an optional choice to construct multifunctional coatings on the other substrate.
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Escherichia coli , Engenharia Tecidual , Staphylococcus aureus , Poliésteres/farmacologia , Poliésteres/química , Osteogênese , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Alicerces Teciduais/químicaRESUMO
Keratoconus is a bilateral progressive degenerative corneal disease characterized by localized corneal thinning and dilatation. The pathogenesis of keratoconus is not fully elucidated. To gain a better understanding of the pathophysiology of this disease and to explore potential treatments, animal models are essential for basic research. Several attempts have been made to establish animal models of corneal ectasia by using collagenase. However, continuous changes of the cornea have not been well-tracked for the model. In this study, corneal morphology and biomechanical behavior in vivo were determined before and after collagenase â ¡ treatment at 2, 4, and 8 weeks. The elastic modulus and histology of cornea tissues ex vivo were measured at 8 weeks postoperatively. The results showed that the posterior corneal curvature (Km B) increased and central corneal thickness (CCT) decreased after collagenase treatment. The mechanical properties of ectatic corneas weakened significantly and the collagen fiber interval in the stromal layer was increased and disorganized. This study provides insights into the changes of corneal morphology and biomechanical properties in a rabbit model of corneal ectasia. Changes observed at 8 weeks indicated that the cornea was still undergoing remodeling.
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Introduction: The critical challenge for periodontitis therapy is thoroughly eliminating the dental plaque biofilm, particularly penetrating the deep periodontal tissue. Regular therapeutic strategies are insufficient to penetrate the plaque without disturbing the commensal microflora of the oral cavity. Here, we constructed a Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticle loading minocycline (FPM NPs) to penetrate the biofilm physically and effectively eliminate periodontal biofilm. Methods: In order to penetrate and remove the biofilm effectively, Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles were modified with minocycline using a co-precipitation method. The particle size and dispersion of the nanoparticles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and dynamic light scattering. The antibacterial effects were examined to verify the magnetic targeting of FPM NPs. Confocal laser scanning microscopy was employed to check the effect of FPM + MF and develop the best FPM NPs treatment strategy. Additionally, the therapeutic effect of FPM NPs was investigated in periodontitis rat models. The expression of IL-1ß, IL-6, and TNF-α in periodontal tissues was measured by qRT-PCR and Western blot. Results: The multifunctional nanoparticles exhibited intense anti-biofilm activity and good biocompatibility. The magnetic forces could pull FMP NPs against the biofilm mass and kill bacteria deep in the biofilms both in vivo and in vitro. The integrity of the bacterial biofilm is disrupted under the motivation of the magnetic field, allowing for improved drug penetration and antibacterial performance. The periodontal inflammation recovered well after FPM NPs treatment in rat models. Furthermore, FPM NPs could be monitored in real-time and have magnetic targeting potentials. Conclusion: FPM NPs exhibit good chemical stability and biocompatibility. The novel nanoparticle presents a new approach for treating periodontitis and provides experimental support for using magnetic-targeted nanoparticles in clinic applications.
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Nanopartículas , Periodontite , Ratos , Animais , Minociclina/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/química , Biofilmes , Nanopartículas/química , Periodontite/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
We have studied the fluorescence of Mg-Al-Eu ternary layered hydroxides (TLH) quenched by tryptophan (Trp). IR spectroscopy was used to evaluate the change of Trp structure which was caused by TLH. XRD and TG-DTA results further suggested a structural change of Trp after being reacted with TLH. XPS characterization confirmed a strong chemical reaction between Trp and TLH. These studies may present more direct evidence to explain the interrelation between the structural change of Trp and the fluorescent quenching of TLH.
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Alumínio/química , Európio/química , Fluorescência , Hidróxidos/química , Magnésio/química , Triptofano/análise , Espectrofotometria , Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier , Temperatura , Termogravimetria , Raios XRESUMO
Against the background of China's advocating ecological civilisation construction, an urgent task and a major challenge are to identify key places for ecological protection and restoration and then propose optimisation strategies for future land use, especially in the Pearl River Delta (PRD), one of the regions in China that has the highest urbanisation level. In this study, we find the key places by constructing ecological security patterns and proposing optimisation strategies for future land use by analysing land-use status. We also propose a source identification method based on the resistance distance principle. Results show that forty-six sources were mainly distributed in the mountainous areas surrounding PRD but were less distributed along both sides of the Pearl River estuary. The difference in the spatial distribution of sources is remarkable. Eighty-four corridors generally had spider-like shapes. In the central plain of PRD, corridors were relatively long and narrow. Ninety pinch points were concentrated on existing rivers. Three barriers were located in the corridors between adjacent sources. Two artificial corridors were proposed to be established, which can improve the ecological network connectivity. The method for extracting sources based on the resistance distance principle is proven to be advantageous for improving the integrity of source extraction results and making ecological security patterns more reasonable.
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Conservação dos Recursos Naturais , Ecossistema , China , Rios , UrbanizaçãoRESUMO
Mesoporous bioactive glass (MBG) is widely used in bone tissue repairing and drug loading. However, burst release of drug and poor compatibility with other materials limited its application. It is an effective way to modify MBG with a polymer brush to improve the properties. Herein, an alginate-modified MBG was prepared, and then, the effects of ALG on the properties of MBG were investigated. The results demonstrate that ALG could improve the drug loading efficiency, prolong drug release times, and make orderly deposition of apatite on the surface of MBG. Furthermore, MBG@ALG significantly promoted the osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells, demonstrating that surface modification of MBG by ALG can improve its properties, which will further broaden the application of MBG in tissue engineering.
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Bone-tissue engineering is an alternative treatment for bone defects with great potential in which scaffold is a critical factor to determine the effect of bone regeneration. Electrospun nanofibers are widely used as scaffolds in the biomedical field for their similarity with the structure of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Their unique characteristics are: larger surface areas, porosity and processability; these make them ideal candidates for bone-tissue engineering. This review briefly introduces bone-tissue engineering and summarizes the materials and methods for electrospining. More importantly, how to functionalize electrospun nanofibers to make them more conducive for bone regeneration is highlighted. Finally, the existing deficiencies of functionalized electrospun nanofibers for promoting osteogenesis are proposed. Such a summary can lay the foundation for the clinical practice of functionalized electrospun nanofibers.
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OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate and compare the settling effect of implant-abutment assembly and the torque loss before and after cyclic loading in three types of abutments. METHODS: Thirty internal hexagon ï¬xtures were randomly divided into three groups (n=10). Group A used original abutments, group B used pre-machined cast abutments, and group C used compatible abutments. In addition, the abutment morse taper angle was measured using an image measuring instrument. Removal torque values (RTVs) were recorded using a digital torque meter before and after cyclic loading. All samples were tested in a universal testing machine with a vertical load between 0 and 250 N for 100 000 cycles of 10 Hz. The settling effect was measured after cyclic loading. Paired t test was performed for intragroup analysis of removal torque loss before and after cycling and one-way ANOVA. Subsequently, Tukey's honestly significant difference test was used for intergroup comparison (α=0.05). RESULTS: The paired t-test showed signiâï¬cant differences in the intragroup RTVs before and after cycling (P<0.001). ANOVA showed signiï¬cant differences in the mean of removal torque loss after cycling (P=0.009), the abutment morse taper angle (P<0.001), and the settling values (P=0.01) among different groups. However, no significant difference was found between compatible abutments and pre-machined cast abutments. CONCLUSIONS: The screw removal torque was signiï¬cantly reduced for all groups in this study after cyclic loading. Differences could be found in the internal accuracy of implant-abutment assembly among different groups. Within the limitations of this study, the results showed the original abutments exhibited lower percentages of torque reduction after cyclic loading than the casting abutments and the compatible abutments.
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Purpose: The translation of nanocarrier-based theranostics into cancer treatment is limited by their poor cellular uptake, low drug-loading capacity, uncontrolled drug release, and insufficient imaging ability. Methods: In this study, novel hybrid nanogels were fabricated as theranostic nanocarriers by modifying chitosan (CTS)/tripolyphosphate (TPP) nanoparticles (NPs) with polyacrylic acid (PAA) and further conjugating cysteine-functionalized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). Results: The resultant nanogels, referred to as CTS/TPP/PAA@AuNPs (CTPA), exhibited excellent colloidal stability and a high encapsulation rate of 87% for the cationic drug doxorubicin (DOX). In the tumour microenvironment, the acidic pH and overexpression of lysozyme triggered CTPA@DOX to degrade and emit smaller nanoblocks (30-40 nm), which sequentially released the drug in a tumour-responsive manner. Cellular uptake experiments demonstrated that CTPA facilitates the entry of DOX into the cytoplasm. Furthermore, as visualised through AuNP-mediated computed tomography (CT) imaging, CTPA@DOX enabled favourable accumulation in the tumour. Our in vitro and in vivo data demonstrated that CTPA enabled advanced tumour cell-targeting delivery of DOX, which showed greater anti-tumour activity and biosafety than free DOX. Conclusion: The natural polymer CTS was developed for degradable nanogels, which can precisely track drugs with high antitumour activity. Additionally, the surface adjustment strategy can be assembled to achieve cationic drug loading and high drug-loading capacity, controlled drug release, and sufficient imaging ability. Therefore, multifunctional CTPA enables efficient drug delivery and CT imaging, which is expected to provide a valuable strategy for designing advanced theranostic systems.
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Quitosana , Nanopartículas Metálicas , Nanopartículas , Neoplasias , Quitosana/uso terapêutico , Cisteína , Doxorrubicina/farmacologia , Doxorrubicina/uso terapêutico , Portadores de Fármacos/uso terapêutico , Ouro/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Muramidase , Nanogéis , Nanopartículas/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Polímeros , Medicina de Precisão , Nanomedicina Teranóstica/métodos , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/métodosRESUMO
The shape of nanoparticles can determine their physical properties and then greatly impact the physiological reactions on cells or tissues during treatment. Traditionally spherical nanoparticles are more widely applied in biomedicine but are not necessarily the best. The superiority of anisotropic nanoparticles has been realized in recent years. The synthesis of the distinct-shaped metal/metal oxide nanoparticles is easily controlled. However, their biotoxicity is still up for debate. Hence, we designed CaCO3 nanorods for drug delivery prepared at mild condition by polysaccharide-regulated biomineralization in the presence of fucoidan with sulfate groups. The CaCO3 nanorods with a pH sensitivity-loaded antitumor drug mitoxantrone hydrochloride (MTO) showed excellent antitumor efficacy for the HeLa cells and MCF-7 cells in vitro. We believe that anisotropic nanoparticles will bring forth an emblematic shift in nanotechnology for application in biomedicine.