RESUMO
Currently, clinical therapeutic strategies for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) confront insurmountable dilemmas in which surgical resection is incomplete and chemotherapy/radiotherapy has significant side effects. Phototherapy offers a maneuverable, effective, and noninvasive pattern for NPC therapy. Herein, we developed a lysosome-targeted and pH-responsive nanophototheranostic for near-infrared II (NIR-II) fluorescence imaging-guided photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT) of NPC. A lysosome-targeted S-D-A-D-S-type NIR-II phototheranostic molecule (IRFEM) is encapsulated within the acid-sensitive amphiphilic DSPE-Hyd-PEG2k to form IRFEM@DHP nanoparticles (NPs). The prepared IRFEM@DHP exhibits a good accumulation in the acidic lysosomes for facilitating the release of IRFEM, which could disrupt lysosomal function by generating an amount of heat and ROS under laser irradiation. Moreover, the guidelines of NIR-II fluorescence enhance the accuracy of PTT/PDT for NPC and avoid damage to normal tissues. Remarkably, IRFEM@DHP enable efficient antitumor effects both in vitro and in vivo, opening up a new avenue for precise NPC theranostics.
Assuntos
Lisossomos , Carcinoma Nasofaríngeo , Neoplasias Nasofaríngeas , Imagem Óptica , Nanomedicina Teranóstica , Carcinoma Nasofaríngeo/terapia , Carcinoma Nasofaríngeo/diagnóstico por imagem , Humanos , Lisossomos/metabolismo , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Nanomedicina Teranóstica/métodos , Animais , Imagem Óptica/métodos , Neoplasias Nasofaríngeas/terapia , Neoplasias Nasofaríngeas/diagnóstico por imagem , Camundongos , Raios Infravermelhos , Fototerapia/métodos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Nanopartículas/química , Fotoquimioterapia/métodos , Camundongos Nus , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB CRESUMO
Malignant tumors seriously threaten human life and well-being. Emerging Near-infrared II (NIR-II, 1000-1700â nm) phototheranostic nanotechnology integrates diagnostic and treatment modalities, offering merits including improved tissue penetration and enhanced spatiotemporal resolution. This remarkable progress has opened promising avenues for advancing tumor theranostic research. The tumor microenvironment (TME) differs from normal tissues, exhibiting distinct attributes such as hypoxia, acidosis, overexpressed hydrogen peroxide, excess glutathione, and other factors. Capitalizing on these attributes, researchers have developed TME-activatable NIR-II phototheranostic agents with diagnostic and therapeutic attributes concurrently. Therefore, developing TME-activatable NIR-II phototheranostic agents with diagnostic and therapeutic activation holds significant research importance. Currently, research on TME-activatable NIR-II phototheranostic agents is still in its preliminary stages. This review examines the recent advances in developing dual-functional NIR-II activatable phototheranostic agents over the past years. It systematically presents NIR-II phototheranostic agents activated by various TME factors such as acidity (pH), hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ), glutathione (GSH), hydrogen sulfide (H2 S), enzymes, and their hybrid. This encompasses NIR-II fluorescence and photoacoustic imaging diagnostics, along with therapeutic modalities, including photothermal, photodynamic, chemodynamic, and gas therapies triggered by these TME factors. Lastly, the difficulties and opportunities confronting NIR-II activatable phototheranostic agents in the simultaneous diagnosis and treatment field are highlighted.