Long noncoding RNA TCL6 binds to miR-106a-5p to regulate hepatocellular carcinoma cells through PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported to dysregulate and involve in the pathology of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Nonetheless, the functional role of lncRNA T cell leukemia/lymphoma 6 (TCL6) and its underlying mechanism in HCC remain unclear. Herein, we analyzed the expression of TCL6 and elucidated its mechanistic involvement in HCC. Bioinformatics analyses indicated TCL6 was evidently downregulated in HCC tissues compared with normal controls. TCL6 was downregulated while microRNA-106a-5p (miR-106a-5p) was upregulated in HCC cell lines. Moreover, knockdown or overexpression of TCL6 significantly raised or diminished the expression level of miR-106a-5p in HCC cells, similar to the effect of miR-106a-5p on TCL6 expression. Functionally, TCL6 inhibited the proliferative, migratory, and invasive potentials of HCC cells as analyzed by cell counting kit-8, scratch wound healing, and transwell assays, respectively. Conversely, miR-106a-5p exerted an opposite effect on the proliferative, migratory, and invasive potentials of HCC. RNA immune precipitation and luciferase reporter assays revealed TCL6 directly bound to miR-106a-5p and luciferase reporter assay verified phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) was a target gene of miR-106a-5p. Mechanistically, TCL6 knockdown evidently reduced PTEN expression at both messenger RNA and protein levels, and miR-106a-5p inhibitor partially rescued this reduction effect in HCC cells. Additionally, western blot assays demonstrated miR-106a-5p downregulation or TCL6 overexpression promoted the protein level of PTEN, and suppressed the phosphorylation level of AKT, the protein level of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K). Collectively, these results revealed TCL6 as a tumor-suppressive lncRNA regulates PI3K/AKT signaling pathway via directly binding to miR-106a-5p in HCC. This mechanism provides a theoretical basis for HCC pathogenesis and a potential therapeutic strategy for HCC treatment.

[Accurate identification of Psammosilene tunicoides and its confused species by systematic identification method].

OBJECTIVE: To develop an effective identification method for accurately discriminating Psammosilene tunicoides and its confused species by the combined method of microscopic identification and molecular identification, so-called systematic identification of Chinese materia medica (SICMM). METHOD: P. tunicoides and its confused species were accurately discriminated by SICMM method, which was established by comprehensively use of microscopic identification and DNA identification method. The DNA identification included the following analysis: the BLAST alignment, specific bases and N-J phylogenetic tree analysis. RESULT: The cluster crystals were not observed in P. tunicoides, but great deals of them were found in Silene viscidula. Further more, big differences of ITS sequence were observed and analyzed between P. tunicoides and its confused specie of S. viscidula. CONCLUSION: The system method is a scientific and accurate method for the identification of P. tunicoides and its counterfeit species.

Rh(III)-Catalyzed Double C-H Functionalization of Indoles with Cyclopropenones via Sequential C-H/C-C/C-H Bond Activation.

An unprecedented Rh(III)-catalyzed double C-H functionalization of indoles with cyclopropenones via sequential C-H/C-C/C-H bond activation has been developed. This procedure represents the first example for assembling of cyclopenta[b]indoles utilizing cyclopropenones as 3C synthons. This powerful approach shows excellent chemo- and regioselectivity, wide functional group tolerance, and good reaction yields.

[Effect of mesenteric lymph obtained during shock on pump activity and oxygen free radical on erythrocyte membrane of rat].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of mesenteric lymph drainage and transfusion on pump activity and oxygen free radical of erythrocyte membrane of rats following hemorrhagic shock or normal, respectively. METHODS: Twenty-four male Wistar rats were randomly divided into sham-shock group, shock group, shock mesenteric lymph drainage group (drainage group) and shock mesenteric lymph transfusion group (transfusion group) by randomization, with 6 rats in each group. Model of hemorrhagic shock was reproduced both in shock group and drainage group after anesthesia and operation, mesenteric lymph was drained 1 hour after shock in drainage group. Sham-shock group only received anesthesia and laparotomy, and the obtained mesenteric lymph was transfused in transfusion group. Blood was obtained from abdominal aorta, and red cell membrane suspension was prepared after 3 hours of shock or corresponding time, then the indices of erythrocyte membrane pump activity and oxygen free radical were determined. RESULTS: Compared with sham-shock group, the activity of Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase (µmol×mg(-1)×h(-1)), Ca(2+)-ATPase (µmol×mg(-1) ×h(-1) ) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) (NU/mg)of red cell membrane were decreased markedly (Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase: 0.039±0.011 vs. 0.068±0.010; Ca(2+)-ATPase: 0.035±0.016 vs. 0.087±0.015; SOD: 0.785±0.289 vs. 1.202±0.328, P<0.05 or P<0.01), and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA, nmol/mg) was increased markedly in shock group (1.914±0.225 vs. 0.913±0.138, P<0.01). Compared with shock group, the activity of Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase (0.056±0.009), Ca(2+)-ATPase (0.079±0.025) and SOD (1.220±0.380) of red cell membrane were increased in drainage group, and the level of MDA (1.214±0.127) was decreased markedly (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Compared with sham-shock group, the activity of Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase (0.050±0.013), Ca(2+)-ATPase (0.056±0.023) of red cell membrane in transfusion group were significantly lower (both P<0.05), the content of MDA (1.456±0.270) was significantly higher (P<0.01), respectively, the activity of SOD (0.862±0.288) showed a lowering trend, but there was no statistical significance (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Mesenteric lymph return is a key factor in decreasing pump activity while aggravating free radical damage injury of erythrocyte membrane.

[Xiao's "xingnaofusu" needling for regaining consciousness and the influence on width of the third ventricle in patients with persistent vegetative state].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the influence of Xiao's "xingnaofusu" needling (the technique for resuscitation) on regaining consciousness in the patients with persistent vegetative state (PVS). METHODS: A total of 50 patients of PVS were randomized into an observation group and a control group, 25 cases in each. The patients in the control group were treated by the routine western medicine, and those in the observation group treated by Xiao's "xingnaofusu" needling and routine western medicine. Baihui (GV20), Dingshen (Extra) to Shangen (Extra) (penetrating technique), Fengchi (GB20) to GB20 (penetrating technique), Neiguan (PC6) to Waiguan (TE5) (penetrating technique), Hegu (LI4) to Laogong (HT8) (penetrating technique) and Taichong (LR3) to Yongquan (KI1) (penetrating technique) were selected. The treatment was given once a day, 10 days as one treatment course, 3 courses in total. The coma recovery scale-revised (CRS-R) score, the modified Ashworth scale (MAS) score and the Glasgow coma scale (GCS) were separately compared before and after the treatment. Additionally, CT scanning was adopted to measure the width of the third ventricle before and after treatment so as to evaluate the clinical therapeutic effect. RESULTS: After the treatment, the CRS-R and GCS scores in the two groups increased remarkably, and MAS score reduced obviously as compared with that before the treatment(P<0.05); and the CRS-R and GCS scores were higher, and MAS score lower in the observation group than those in the control group(P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the width of the third ventricle reduced obviously in the observation group after the treatment(P<0.05). At the end of the treatment courses, the effective rate was 79.2%(19/24)in the observation group and was 47.8%(11/23) in the control group. The effective rate of the observation group was obviously higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Xiao's "xingnaofusu" needling can remarkably improve the central nerve function, promote the recovery of brain function and the motor function of limbs, reduce the width of the third ventricle and improve the clinical therapeutic effect of regaining consciousness in the patients with PVS.

[Changes of erythrocyte rheology in rabbits with acute renal failure].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the change of erythrocyte theology in rabbits with acute renal failure (ARF). METHODS: Thirty-eight healthy rabbits were randomly divided into control group (n = 8), model group (establishing ARF model via intramuscular injection 1% HgCl2, and divided into 12 h, 24 h, 48 h subgroups, all n = 10), the arterial blood sample was taken out through carotid artery at corresponding times after anesthetization with urethane, for detecting the indices of renal function and erythrocyte rheology. RESULTS: The levels of urea and creatinine in plasma of model rabbits at 12 h, 24 h and 48 h were higher than those of control group, and there was a rise trend along with the time extension. The erythrocytes electrophoresis time at 12 h of model group was higher, the electrophoresis rate and migration rate of erythrocytes were lower compared with those of control group; the erythrocytes electrophoresis time at 24 h of model group was lower and the electrophoresis rate and migration rate were higher compared with those of model group at 12 h; and there were no statistical differences in erythrocytes electrophoresis indices between model group at 48 h and other groups. Meanwhile, there was a rise trend in erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), K value of equation and emendation along with the time extension of ARF, but these indices only at 48 h of model group was lower significantly than that of control group. There were no statistical differences in aggregation index and deformability index of erythrocytes among groups. CONCLUSION: During the process of ARF, the erythrocytes electrophoresis time lengthen and electrophoresis rate and migration rate decrease at early stage, and these indices gradually return to normal; the indices of ESR increase gradually.

[Changes of blood viscosity and erythrocyte rheology in acute hypoxic hypoxia mices].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the changes of blood viscosity and erythrocyte rheology in mice after acute hypoxic hypoxia (AHH). METHODS: Thirty-two Kui-ming mice were randomly divided into control group, AHH group (duplicating AHH model, and divided into 5 min, 8 min, 11 min subgroups), the blood sample was taken out from heart after neck dislocation at corresponding times, for detecting the blood viscosity and erythrocyte rheology indices. RESULTS: Compared with control group, the whole blood viscosity at different shears, whole blood reduced viscosity, whole blood relative viscosity were lower and the erythrocytes aggregation index was higher in AHH 5 min group; the electrophoresis time was longer and the electrophoresis length, migration of erythrocyte were lower in AHH 8 min and AHH 11 min groups. The whole blood reduced viscosity, whole blood relative viscosity, erythrocytes aggregation index in AHH 8 min group were higher, and the erythrocyte deformability index was lower significantly than that of AHH 5 min group, respectively. CONCLUSION: These data suggested that the AHH could induce the blood viscosity and electrophoresis ability.

[The effects of mesenteric lymph drainage on erythrocyte rheology in rats with hemorrhagic shock].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of mesenteric lymph drainage on erythrocyte rheology and blood viscosity in hemorrhagic shock rats. METHODS: Wistar rats were randomly divided into sham-shock group, shock group (establishing hemorrhagic shock model), drainage group (establishing hemorrhagic shock model plus drainaging shock mesenteric lymph from hypotension 1 h). At 3 h of hypotension or corresponding time, blood samples were harvested from the abdominal aorta for determining the erythrocytic parameters, erythrocyte electrophoresis, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and blood viscosity, and the erythrocytes aggregation index and erythrocyte deformability index were calculated. RESULTS: Compared with the sham-shock group, the red cell contents, hematocrit (HCT), hemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), erythrocyte electrophoretic rate and mobility, erythrocyte deformability index, whole blood viscosity, whole blood relative or reduced viscosity at low and high shear rates in shock group were observably lower, and mean corpuscular volume, electrophoretic time of erythrocyte, ESR, K value of equation and K value of emendation, erythrocytes aggregation index, plasma viscosity in shock group were increased markedly; the MCHC, erythrocyte electrophoretic rate and mobility, whole blood viscosity, whole blood relative viscosity at low and high shear rates in drainage group were reduced, and the red blood cell volume distribution width -SD (RDW-SD) was increased remarkably. At the same time, in drainage group, the HCT, RDW-SD, erythrocyte deformability index, whole blood viscosity and relative viscosity at low and high shear rates were higher, the ESR, K value of equation and K value of emendation, erythrocytes aggregation index, plasma viscosity were lower than that of shock group. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that the mesenteric lymph drainage could improve the erythrocyte rheological behavior, as a result, improve the hemorrheological properties in hemorrhagic shock rats.