Physical Activity and Liver Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-analyses.

OBJECTIVE: Liver cancer is the second most common cause of death from cancer. Physical activity (PA) was found to be associated with lower risks of several types of cancer. However, the association between PA and the risk of liver cancer is still inconclusive. This systematic review and meta-analysis was aiming to summarize the association between PA and liver cancer risk. METHODS: Literatures related were identified by searching PubMed, EMBASE, and Chinese Biomedical literature database from 1965 to 2017 without language limitation. Meta-analyses were performed using random effect model. RESULTS: A total of 5 cohort studies involving 2 513 975 subjects were identified. The pooled relative risk of leisure-time PA with liver cancer risk was 0.92 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.84-1.01]. There is no significant association between leisure-time PA and liver cancer risk. However, leisure-time PA significantly reduced liver cancer risk in never smokers. The pooled hazard ratio of daily total PA with liver cancer risk was 0.75 (95% CI, 0.66-0.86). CONCLUSIONS: Daily total PA significantly reduces liver cancer risk, whereas leisure-time PA significantly reduces liver cancer risk only in never smokers.

Neutralization of Hv1/HVCN1 With Antibody Enhances Microglia/Macrophages Myelin Clearance by Promoting Their Migration in the Brain.

Microglia dynamically monitor the microenvironment of the central nervous system (CNS) by constantly extending and retracting their processes in physiological conditions, and microglia/macrophages rapidly migrate into lesion sites in response to injuries or diseases in the CNS. Consequently, their migration ability is fundamentally important for their proper functioning. However, the mechanisms underlying their migration have not been fully understood. We wonder whether the voltage-gated proton channel HVCN1 in microglia/macrophages in the brain plays a role in their migration. We show in this study that in physiological conditions, microglia and bone marrow derived macrophage (BMDM) express HVCN1 with the highest level among glial cells, and upregulation of HVCN1 in microglia/macrophages is presented in multiple injuries and diseases of the CNS, reflecting the overactivation of HVCN1. In parallel, myelin debris accumulation occurs in both the focal lesion and the site where neurodegeneration takes place. Importantly, both genetic deletion of the HVCN1 gene in cells in vitro and neutralization of HVCN1 with antibody in the brain in vivo promotes migration of microglia/macrophages. Furthermore, neutralization of HVCN1 with antibody in the brain in vivo promotes myelin debris clearance by microglia/macrophages. This study uncovers a new role of HVCN1 in microglia/macrophages, coupling the proton channel HVCN1 to the migration of microglia/macrophages for the first time.

A retrospective study of Yiqi-Huoxue Decoction on blood pressure in patients with acute ischemic stroke.

This retrospective study investigated the effect of Yiqi-Huoxue Decoction (YQHXD) on blood pressure (BP) in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS).A total of 72 patients with BP following AIS who received routine treatment were included in this retrospective study. Of those, 36 patients received YQHXD and were assigned to a treatment group. The other 36 patients were allocated to a control group. All patients were treated for a total of 4 months. The outcomes were assessed by systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score and Barthel index scale (BIS). All outcomes were measured after 4-month treatment.After treatment, all subjects in the treatment group showed greater improvements in SBP (P < .05), DBP (P < .05), NIHSS (P < .05) score, and BIS (P < .05) than those of patients in the control group. In addition, the safety profile is similar in both groups.The findings of this study demonstrated that YQHXD may benefit on BP in patients with AIS. Future studies should focus on warranting the current results.

Effects and safety of Buyang-Huanwu Decoction for the treatment of patients with acute ischemic stroke: A protocol of systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: We designed this study to assess the effects and safety of Buyang-Huanwu Decoction (BYHWD) for the treatment of patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). METHODS: Electronic databases of Cochrane Library, EMBASE, MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Scopus, Allied and Complementary Medicine Database, VIP Database, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure will be comprehensively and systematically searched from initial time of each electronic database to the present without limitations of language and publication status. Randomized controlled trials on BYHWD alone against any other interventions for the treatment of AIS will be included. All process of study selection, data collection, and methodological quality assessment will be independently undertaken by 2 investigators. Cochrane risk of bias tool and RevMan 5.3 software will be utilized for the performance of methodological quality assessment and statistical analysis, respectively. RESULTS: This study will summarize most recent high quality evidence on investigating the effects and safety of BYHWD alone against any other interventions for the treatment of patients with AIS. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study will provide helpful evidence for the clinical practice for patients with AIS using BYHWD, as well as the relevant future researches.Study registration number: INPLASY202040169.

[Study on the correlation between PMI and OD changes in rat's plasma].

We chose the UV-Vis spectrophotometry as a new way to investigate the postmortem interval (PMI). One hundred fifty Sprague-Dawley female rats (weight 260 g +/- 10 g, from Xi'an Jiaotong University Animal Center) were chosen and sacrificed by cervical dislocation. The bodies were kept in a controlled environmental chamber set at (20 +/- 2) degrees C. The plasma was harvested in course of 0 to 24 hours after death. The optical density (OD) at different wavelengths was measured with an UV-Vis spectrophotometer (type-UV250). It was shown that the OD changes of plasma at 577, 416 and 275 nm in 24 hours were dramatically related to PMI, and the R-indexes were 0.969, 0.97 and 0.898. The regression formulae of these indexes were worked out taking OD as independent variable, and PMI as variable. The quadratic equations were: PMI = 231.2270D(plasma at wavelength of 577 nm) - 501.160D(plasma at wavelength of 577 nm)2 - 3.0809(R2 = 0.945), PMI = 31.7426OD(plasma at wavelength of 416 nm) - 9.1847OD(plasma at wavelength of 416 nm)2 - 31837(R2 = 0.94), and PMI = 95.2388OD(plasma at wavelength of 275 nm) - 39.343OD(plama at wavelength of 275 nm)2 - 32.408(R2 = 0.795). It was concluded that the OD changes of rat's plasma are good and potential markers for the estimation of PMI and should be very useful in forensic practice.

[Expression of brain natriuretic peptide and c-fos gene in rat after acute myocardial ischemia and its medicolegal significance].

OBJECTIVE: To study the mRNA expression of BNP and c-fos gene in rat heart after acute myocardial ischemia (AMI) and to provide a marker for its medicolegal diagnosis. METHODS: AMI animal model of rat was made by ligating LAD. mRNA expression of BNP and c-fos gene were studied with RT-qPCR and ordinary PCR at 10 min, 30 min, 60 min and 3h after the successful ligation. The H&E staining was also used. Changes of the mRNA expression in different time groups were compared. RESULTS: There was significant difference in BNP mRNA expression of the 3 h group by RT-qPCR compared with normal control group, 10 min, 30 min, and 60 min groups (P < 0.05). There were dramatic differences in c-fos mRNA expression between every two groups (P < 0.05) except between the normal group and the 10 min group, between the 30 min group and the 3 h group. The peak of c-fos expression was in 60 min group. No difference was shown between groups by the ordinary PCR. Myocardial fiber acidophilia staining and wavy changes could be seen occasionally at 3 h experimental group by H&E staining. CONCLUSIONS: C-fos gene probably be used as an auxiliary test for myocardial ischemia of duration of 30 minutes or longer. RT-qPCR may be suitable for diagnosis of early AMI.

[The changes of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy in rat's brain].

OBJECTIVE: To apply Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to study the process of postmortem degradation of the rat brain and to provide a new way for the estimation of postmortem interval (PMI). METHODS: The rats were sacrificed by cervical dislocation and the bodies were kept in a controlled environmental chamber set at (30 +/- 2) degrees C. To measure the content of the chemical groups in postmortem rat brains at the different time points from 0 to 36 h using the FTIR spectrograph. RESULTS: With prolongation of PMI, the peak position of main absorbance bands in the FTIR spectra showed no significant changes, while the peak levels showed dramatic changes: (1) The relative peak intensity of 1080 cm(-1), 1238 cm(-1) (I1080/I1398, I1238/I1398) associated with nucleic acid decreased obviously; (2) The peak intensity ratio at Amide I, II (I1647/I1541) decreased; (3) The peak intensities at 1456 cm(-1) and 1398 cm(-1) showed a decreased and an increased trend, respectively; (4) Compared to the peak intensity of 1647 cm(-1), the peak intensities at 2852 cm(-1), 2871 cm(-1), 2923 cm(-1), and 2958 cm(-1) tended to increase, with only a slightly increased tendency in peak intensity of 2871 cm(-1). CONCLUSION: FTIR spectroscopy may be potentially used as an effective method for estimating the PMI in medicolegal practice using brain tissue sample.

[Morphological changes in rabbits died of potassium intoxication].

OBJECTIVE: Morphologic features of the corpse of rabbits died of potassium intoxication were studied in order to elucidate an objective evidence for forensic determination of death caused by potassium intoxication. METHODS: Macroscopic, microscopic, and ultrastructural (by transmission electron microscopy) changes were observed in the heart, brain, and kidney of rabbits killed by intravenous push or continuous infusion at 100 drips per minute with 0.3% and 1% KCl, respectively. Normal rabbits without any treatment killed by bleeding were used as controls. RESULTS: Macroscopically, cardiac dilatation and congestion/stasis as well as ischemic and hypoxic changes in various organs were observed in rabbits died of potassium injection. Microscopically and ultrastructurally, there were destruction of the cardiac fibers with thickening, concentrating, or disappearing of the Z-line, constriction of the glomerular capillaries, enlargement of the Bowman capsule, thinning and fusion of foot processes, as well as apoptosis with phagocytosis in brain observed, particularly in the group infused with 1% KCl. CONCLUSION: The morphologic changes observed in the heart and kidney appear to be characteristic, supporting death caused by potassium intoxication.

[Accuracy of age estimation in 14-year-old females by two skeletal age standards].

OBJECTIVE: To study the accurate of Li Guozhen's Percent Numeration and the Development Standard of Chinese Wrist Bone CHN Numeration of age estimation in 14-year-old females. METHODS: Fifty-one 14-year-old females from three middle schools in Loudi City in Hunan were selected randomly, whose left wrists were photographed with X-rays under the same condition. Skeletal age was estimated following the two numerations. The two skeletal ages were compared with each other and with chronological age. RESULTS: The skeletal age from Percent Numeration and CHN Numeration have no significance difference, P > 0.05. And the skeletal ages of the two Numerations have no significance difference either, P > 0.05. CONCLUSION: The Percent Numeration and the CHN Numeration are still suited for age estimation in 14-year-old females.

[Value and economic analysis of emergency endoscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of massive upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage].

OBJECTIVE: To study the application value of emergency endoscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of massive upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage, and to evaluated by the economic analysis whether the emergency endoscopy was safe and effective,or shorten the hospitalization days and reduced the medical costs. METHODS: Ninety-one patients with massive upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage were randomly divided into emergency endoscopy group (group A) and non-emergency endoscopy group (group B). The patients in group A underwent endoscopy as soon as the blood pressures were normal and the patients of group B underwent endoscopy at 24-48 hours after hospitalization. They would be treated depending on the conditions by endoscopy. Then the correct diagnosis rates, rebleeding rates, complication rates, mean hospitalization days, the endoscopy costs, the blood transfusion costs, the drugs costs and the total hospitalization costs of two groups were evaluated and the cost-effect ratio (C/E) was calculated. RESULTS: The correct diagnosis rates and the endoscopy costs of group A were higher than the group B (100.0 percent vs.90.2 percent, P<0.05; (714.78+/-263.54) yuan vs. (383.57+/-251.72) yuan, P<0.01), and the rebleeding rates, the mean hospitalizations days, the blood transfusion costs and the drugs costs and the total hospitalization costs were all lower compared to the group B (6.1 percent vs. 26.8 percent, P<0.05; (5.42+/-1.70) days vs. (8.51+/-2.30) days, P<0.01; (791.80+/-258.35) yuan vs. (1270.29+/-569.21) yuan, P<0.01; (945.22+/-125.82) yuan vs. (1223.81+/-254.44) yuan, P<0.01; (2785.76+/-353.26) yuan vs. (3 527.76+/-555.62)yuan, P<0.01. The C/E of group A was lower than the group B (2785.76 yuan per patient vs. 3527.76 yuan per patient, P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Emergency endoscopy is not only safe and effective but also economical in the diagnosis and treatment of massive upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage.