Fecal Signatures of Streptococcus anginosus and Streptococcus constellatus for Noninvasive Screening and Early Warning of Gastric Cancer.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Most patients with gastric cancer (GCa) are diagnosed at an advanced stage. We aimed to investigate novel fecal signatures for clinical application in early diagnosis of GCa. METHODS: This was an observational study that included 1043 patients from 10 hospitals in China. In the discovery cohort, 16S ribosomal RNA gene analysis was performed in paired samples (tissues and feces) from patients with GCa and chronic gastritis (ChG) to determine differential abundant microbes. Their relative abundances were detected using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction to test them as bacterial candidates in the training cohort. Their diagnostic efficacy was validated in the validation cohort. RESULTS: Significant enrichments of Streptococcus anginosus (Sa) and Streptococcus constellatus (Sc) in GCa tumor tissues (P < .05) and feces (P < .0001) were observed in patients with intraepithelial neoplasia, early and advanced GCa. Either the signature parallel test Sa∪Sc or single signature Sa/Sc demonstrated superior sensitivity (Sa: 75.6% vs 72.1%, P < .05; Sc: 84.4% vs 64.0%, P < .001; and Sa∪Sc: 91.1% vs 81.4%, P < .01) in detecting early GCa compared with advanced GCa (specificity: Sa: 84.0% vs 83.9%, Sc: 70.4% vs 82.3%, and Sa∪Sc: 64.0% vs 73.4%). Fecal signature Sa∪Sc outperformed Sa∪CEA/Sc∪CEA in the discrimination of advanced GCa (sensitivity: 81.4% vs 74.2% and 81.4% vs 72.3%, P < .01; specificity: 73.4% vs 81.0 % and 73.4% vs 81.0%). The performance of Sa∪Sc in the diagnosis of both early and advanced GCa was verified in the validation cohort. CONCLUSION: Fecal Sa and Sc are noninvasive, accurate, and sensitive signatures for early warning in GCa. (ClinicalTrials.gov, Number: NCT04638959).

Fecal Fusobacterium nucleatum as a predictor for metachronous colorectal adenoma after endoscopic polypectomy.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Fusobacterium nucleatum is increasingly being recognized as an important risk factor in colorectal cancer and colorectal adenoma. Endoscopic polypectomy is associated with a decreased incidence of colorectal cancer; however, patients still suffer from a risk of metachronous adenoma. Currently, there are few effective non-invasive factors that may predict metachronous colorectal adenoma. Here, we evaluated the performance of F. nucleatum in predicting metachronous adenoma. METHODS: Fecal samples and clinical information of patients before endoscopic polypectomy were collected from 367 patients in a retrospective cohort, and 238 patients in a prospective cohort. The abundance of fecal F. nucleatum was measured via quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Surveillance colonoscopies were conducted between 1 and 3 years after polypectomy (average follow-up 27.07 months for the retrospective cohort & 22.57 months for the prospective cohort) to identify metachronous adenoma. Candidate predictive factors and cut-off value of F. nucleatum abundance were identified from the retrospective cohort and then validated in the prospective cohort. RESULTS: A high abundance of fecal F. nucleatum was found to be an independent risk factor for metachronous adenomas (odds ratio, 6.38; P < 0.001) in the retrospective cohort and was validated in the prospective cohort with a specificity of 65.00%, and a sensitivity of 73.04%, and an overall performance with the area under the curve of 0.73. CONCLUSION: Fecal abundance of F. nucleatum may be a reliable predictor for metachronous adenoma after endoscopic polypectomy.

5-(4-Hy-droxy-phen-yl)imidazolidine-2,4-dione.

The title compound, C9H8N2O3, was prepared by reaction of phenol, glyoxylic acid and urea in water. The imidazolidine ring adopts an almost planar conformation (r.m.s. deviation = 0.012 Å) and is twisted by 89.3 (1)° relative to the benzene ring. In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked by N-H⋯O and O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds into a three-dimensional framework.

Crystal structure of bis-(1-benzyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole) perchloric acid monosolvate.

The title compound, 2C9H9N3·HClO4, was prepared by reaction of 1-benzyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole and HClO4 in ethanol at room temperature. The asymmetric unit consists of two mol-ecules of 1-benzyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole and one of HClO4 mol-ecule. The benzene and triazole rings make dihedral angles of 85.45 (8) and 84.76 (8)° in the two mol-ecules. The H-atom position of the perchloric acid mol-ecule is split over two O atoms (real peaks on difference map), with site-occupation factors of 0.5. These H atoms form two classical hydrogen bonds [2.546 (5) and 2.620 (4) Å] with the same N atoms in both mol-ecules. Five inter-molecular non-classical C-H⋯O inter-actions, with C⋯O distances in the range 3.147 (5)-3.483 (5) Å, are found in the crystal structure.

Significance of granuloma and granulomatous lymphangitis in the differential diagnosis of Crohn's disease.

OBJECTIVE: To clarify the pathological characteristics of granuloma and granulomatous lymphangitis in patients with non-neoplastic bowel diseases and to compare their significance in the differential diagnosis of Crohn's disease (CD) and intestinal tuberculosis (ITB). METHODS: Altogether 78 cases with CD, 11 with ITB and 33 suffering from other non-neoplastic bowel diseases were included. All patients underwent a partial enterectomy and histopathological examination. Pathological sections were reviewed retrospectively. Detailed morphological features and the distribution of granulomas and granulomatous lymphangitis in the three groups were analyzed and compared. RESULTS: Significant differences in the features of granuloma were observed in CD compared with ITB, including the presence of Langhans giant cells, caseous necrosis, coalescence, hyaline change, onionskin changes, and their frequency and size. Granulomatous lymphangitis was significantly more frequent in CD than in other non-neoplastic bowel diseases (P < 0.0001). The rate was also higher than that of granuloma in CD (P = 0.0004). It more often manifested within the mucosal layer of the small bowel (55.4%) in CD whereas it tended to be located within the deep layers of the intestinal wall in other diseases. It can be divided into four types, but types 1 and 2 appeared relatively specific to CD. CONCLUSIONS: Granuloma and granulomatous lymphangitis were not specific in CD. However, by combining morphology and distribution, their manifestations could assist in the differentiation of CD from other non-neoplastic bowel diseases. Furthermore, granulomatous lymphangitis showed better diagnostic performance than granulomas in the mucosal layer of the small bowel.