Resident Support Network: a supportive approach to resident physician wellness.

The Resident Support Network (RSN) is a formal network of residents and medical faculty, with additional training and resources in resident wellness. RSN is accessible to residents to approach with their wellness concerns. It aims to support residents during a period of medical training that is associated with high trainee burnout rates. Implementing individual-focused and organizational strategies in residency programs has been found to reduce burnout. The RSN, in the McMaster University Pediatrics Residency program, was initiated based on the need to help address gaps in supporting resident wellness. Implementation of an RSN would likely provide similar benefits for residents in other universities and specialties by enhancing resident wellness.

Le Resident Support Network (RSN) est un réseau formel de résidents et de professeurs de médecine, avec une formation et des ressources supplémentaires sur le bien-être des résidents. Les résidents peuvent s'adresser au RSN pour faire part de leurs préoccupations en matière de bien-être. Il vise à soutenir les résidents pendant une période de leur formation médicale qui est associée à des taux élevés d'épuisement professionnel. La mise en œuvre de stratégies individuelles et organisationnelles dans les programmes de résidence s'est avérée efficace pour réduire l'épuisement professionnel. Le RSN, dans le programme de résidence en pédiatrie de l'Université McMaster, a été mis en place en raison de la nécessité de combler les lacunes en matière de soutien au bien-être des résidents. La mise en œuvre d'un RSN apporterait probablement des avantages similaires aux résidents d'autres universités et spécialités en améliorant le bien-être des résidents.

Dopaminergic Neurons in Zona Incerta Drives Appetitive Self-Grooming.

Dopaminergic (DA) neurons are known to play a key role in controlling behaviors. While DA neurons in other brain regions are extensively characterized, those in zona incerta (ZITH or A13) receive much less attention and their function remains to be defined. Here it is shown that optogenetic stimulation of these neurons elicited intensive self-grooming behaviors and promoted place preference, which can be enhanced by training but cannot be converted into contextual memory. Interestingly, the same stimulation increased DA release to periaqueductal grey (PAG) neurons and local PAG antagonism of DA action reduced the elicited self-grooming. In addition, A13 neurons increased their activity in response to various external stimuli and during natural self-grooming episodes. Finally, monosynaptic retrograde tracing showed that the paraventricular hypothalamus represents one of the major upstream brain regions to A13 neurons. Taken together, these results reveal that A13 neurons are one of the brain sites that promote appetitive self-grooming involving DA release to the PAG.

α-Phenylthioaldehydes for the effective generation of acyl azolium and azolium enolate intermediates.

α-Phenylthioaldehydes are readily prepared using a simple multi-step procedure and herein are introduced as a new precursor for the NHC-catalysed generation of acyl azolium and azolium enolate intermediates that are of widespread synthetic interest and utility. Treatment of α-phenylthioaldehydes with an NHC precatalyst and base produces an efficient redox rearrangement via a Breslow intermediate, elimination of thiophenolate, and subsequent rebound addition to the generated acyl azolium to give the corresponding thiol ester. In the presence of an external alcohol, competition between redox rearrangement and redox esterification can be controlled through judicious choice of the N-aryl substituent within the NHC precatalyst and the base used in the reaction. With NEt3 as base, NHCs bearing electron-withdrawing (N-C6F5 or N-C6H2Cl3) substituents favour redox rearrangement, while triazolium precatalysts with electron-rich N-aryl substituents (N-Ph, N-Mes) result in preferential redox esterification. Using DBU, redox esterification is preferred due to transesterification of the initially formed thiol ester product. Additionally, α-phenylthioaldehyde-derived azolium enolates have been used in enantioselective formal [4 + 2]-cycloaddition reactions to access dihydropyridinone heterocycles with high enantioselectivity (up to >95 : 5 dr, 98 : 2 er).