Reflecting on Indonesia's young academy movement.

In the past three decades, there has been a rise in young academy movements in the Global North and South. Such movements, in at least Germany and the Netherlands, have been shown to be quite effective in connecting scientific work with society. Likewise, these movements share a common goal of developing interdisciplinary collaboration among young scientists, which contributes to the growth of a nation's-but also global-scientific endeavors. This paper focuses on the young academy movement in the fourth-largest country hosting the biggest Muslim population in the world, which is also the third-most populous democracy: Indonesia. We observe that there has been rising awareness among the young generation of scientists in Indonesia of the need to advocate for the use of sciences in responding to upcoming and current multidimensional crises. Science advocacy can be seen in their peer-based identification of Indonesia's future challenges, encompassing the fundamental areas for scientific inquiry, discovery, and intervention. We focus on the Indonesian Young Academy of Sciences (ALMI) and its network of young scientists. We describe ALMI's science communication practice, specifically SAINS45 and Science for Indonesia's Biodiversity, and how they have been useful for policymakers, media, and school engagements. The article closes with a reflection on future directions for the young academy movement in Indonesia and beyond.

Multi-country SDGs indicator projections involving impacts of economic shocks: A protocol applied to the COVID-19 pandemic for ASEAN-5 countries.

Economies often experience large shocks, necessitating the revision of development indicator forecasts, including Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) indicators. Many of those, predicted for 2030, require continued monitoring and re-estimation of how great the impact of these shocks will be, e.g., comparing the achievements with and without the shocks (counterfactual). In this paper, we design a protocol to create datasets containing 2030 SDGs indicator projection estimates that can be used to monitor the extent to which current economic shocks will affect the trajectories of those indicators. We combine official United Nations Statistics Division (UNSTAT) SDGs indicator data and economic growth projections data and fit them into the protocol. The protocol includes filtering UNSTAT SDGs indicators for regression analysis connecting them with economic growth. We assume that the difference in economic growth projections before and after a shock is primarily caused by the shock. This implies that our protocol is less suitable for an episode of more subtle shocks or shocks with multiple causes. We use these estimates to create the SDGs indicators projection dataset. We applied this to ASEAN-5 countries and the COVID-19 pandemic. The same protocol can be used for other countries as well as other economic shocks.•The protocol is useful to monitor how previous projection trajectories of SDGs indicators are affected by relevant large economic shocks, such as those due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The resulted dataset can also be used for comparing achievements, with and without shocks (counterfactual).•This protocol can be used by national and international agencies, especially those in charge of planning, monitoring, and evaluating the SDGs agenda. The protocol and the resulting data would also be helpful to researchers working on SDGs issues.•In this paper, the protocol to create the projection dataset of SDGs applies for the ASEAN-5 countries using the COVID-19 shocks. These can also be applied for other countries and other economic shocks.

Survey data of a traditional communal water irrigation system in Northern Thailand.

This data article contains a description of a dataset collected by a survey on a traditional communal water irrigation system. This is the Muang fai, a 700-years old communal irrigation system in Northern Thailand. The Muang fai is managed through a series of regulations that are close to Ostrom's principles of effective common property resources (Ostrom, 1990). The survival of this long-standing practice, including its knowledge of the water-flow characteristics of the watershed, is under threat as new technologies, such as groundwater pumping, become increasingly accessible. The target population of the survey was the group of Longan farmers who are located within the 12 villages that are engaged in Muang fai Sop Rong in Chiang Mai Province, Northern Thailand. Information was specifically collected about irrigation practices, farmland characteristics and socio-economic variables from 570 longan (their main crop) farmer households. Roughly half of these sampled farmers practise Muang fai, the other half practise underground pumping irrigation. The irrigation information collected includes type of irrigation (surface or underground), the quantity of water used, pumping methods (if pumps are used). Farming characteristics collected include volume and value of the harvests, land size, and distance to irrigation canal. Socioeconomic characteristics included among others: farmers' income, expenditure, education, off-farm employment and Muang-fai membership. This dataset can be a source of baseline information for future research as well as help preserve the knowledge of this tradition.

Effect of COVID-19 on energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions in Indonesia.

Despite the pandemic's negative effect on the economy, it can help reduce emissions from energy consumption activities in line with the Paris Agreement, especially for high-emitter countries such as Indonesia. However, the policy response to COVID-19 may rebound the emissions to their pre-pandemic levels. To design an efficient policy that considers both economic and environmental variables, this study uses a computable general equilibrium model that assesses how COVID-19 and its stimulus policy will affect the macroeconomic indicator, energy consumption, and emissions at the national and regional levels. The results show that macroeconomic indicators generally performed worse with the current stimulus policy in the short run than in the long run. Refined petroleum energy consumption took the highest hit, followed by coal-based energy consumption and overall electricity demand. The pattern in emissions reduction is similar to the pattern of gross domestic product declination as well. The Sulawesi region particularly experienced the largest decrease in refined petroleum energy consumption. In contrast, the Java-Bali and Sumatra regions experienced the most coal-based energy consumption reduction and the largest emissions reduction. Should COVID-19 provide the impetus to develop more environmentally sound economic development, we would need better policy to address the recovery. Returning to pre-pandemic development will not lead to long-term environmental gain. This study offers policy recommendations for economic recovery and environmental improvement. The government should promote low-carbon technology, clean energy transition, more energy efficiency, and sustainable development to avoid the rebound effect of energy consumption and carbon emission. Coordination between central and local governments is also needed to formulate a fiscal policy inclined toward low-carbon pathways.