Tuning Transcription Factor Availability through Acetylation-Mediated Genomic Redistribution.

It is widely assumed that decreasing transcription factor DNA-binding affinity reduces transcription initiation by diminishing occupancy of sequence-specific regulatory elements. However, in vivo transcription factors find their binding sites while confronted with a large excess of low-affinity degenerate motifs. Here, using the melanoma lineage survival oncogene MITF as a model, we show that low-affinity binding sites act as a competitive reservoir in vivo from which transcription factors are released by mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-stimulated acetylation to promote increased occupancy of their regulatory elements. Consequently, a low-DNA-binding-affinity acetylation-mimetic MITF mutation supports melanocyte development and drives tumorigenesis, whereas a high-affinity non-acetylatable mutant does not. The results reveal a paradoxical acetylation-mediated molecular clutch that tunes transcription factor availability via genome-wide redistribution and couples BRAF to tumorigenesis. Our results further suggest that p300/CREB-binding protein-mediated transcription factor acetylation may represent a common mechanism to control transcription factor availability.

Ultrasmall and Highly Dispersed Pt Entities Deposited on Mesoporous N-doped Carbon Nanospheres by Pulsed CVD for Improved HER.

Vapor-based deposition techniques are emerging approaches for the design of carbon-supported metal powder electrocatalysts with tailored catalyst entities, sizes, and dispersions. Herein, a pulsed CVD (Pt-pCVD) approach is employed to deposit different Pt entities on mesoporous N-doped carbon (MPNC) nanospheres to design high-performance hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalysts. The influence of consecutive precursor pulse number (50-250) and deposition temperature (225-300 °C) are investigated. The Pt-pCVD process results in highly dispersed ultrasmall Pt clusters (≈1 nm in size) and Pt single atoms, while under certain conditions few larger Pt nanoparticles are formed. The best MPNC-Pt-pCVD electrocatalyst prepared in this work (250 pulses, 250 °C) reveals a Pt HER mass activity of 22.2 ± 1.2 A mg-1 Pt at -50 mV versus the reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE), thereby outperforming a commercially available Pt/C electrocatalyst by 40% as a result of the increased Pt utilization. Remarkably, after optimization of the Pt electrode loading, an ultrahigh Pt mass activity of 56 ± 2 A mg-1 Pt at -50 mV versus RHE is found, which is among the highest Pt mass activities of Pt single atom and cluster-based electrocatalysts reported so far.

Perioperative and Oncological Outcomes of Partial Versus Radical Nephrectomy for Complex Renal Tumors (RENAL Score ≥ 7): Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

OBJECTIVE: Which is superior, partial nephrectomy (PN) or radical nephrectomy (RN), for the treatment of complex renal tumours (RENAL or score ≥ 7)? METHODS: This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA statement. A systematic search of the literature published before November 2023 was conducted using Pubmed, Embase, Cochran, and Web of Science libraries. We included studies comparing perioperative and oncologic outcomes of partial nephrectomy and radical nephrectomy for complex renal tumors. RESULTS: A total of 2602 patients from six studies meeting the criteria were included. The PN group had a longer operative time, increased estimated blood loss, and major complications but a smaller reduction in renal function. There were no significant differences in complications, length of hospital stay, and blood transfusion. In terms of oncological outcomes, the PN group had longer OS, CSS, and no significant difference in RFS. CONCLUSIONS: For complex renal tumours, PN requires more operative time and has a higher chance of complications in the short term. However, in long-term follow-up, PN has a small decrease in renal function with longer OS and CSS.

Comparing the safety and efficacy of single-port versus multi-port robotic-assisted techniques in urological surgeries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: Comparing the safety and efficacy of single-port (SP) versus multi-port (MP) robotic-assisted techniques in urological surgeries. METHODS: A systematic review and cumulative meta-analysis was performed using PRISMA criteria for primary outcomes of interest, and quality assessment followed AMSTAR. Four databases were systematically searched: Embase, PubMed, The Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. The search time range is from database creation to December 2022. Stata16 was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: There were 17 studies involving 5015 patients. In urological surgeries, single-port robotics had shorter length of stay (WMD = - 0.63, 95% Cl [- 1.06, - 0.21], P < 0.05), less estimated blood loss (WMD = - 19.56, 95% Cl [- 32.21, - 6.91], P < 0.05), less lymph node yields (WMD = - 3.35, 95% Cl [- 5.16, - 1.55], P < 0.05), less postoperative opioid use (WMD = - 5.86, 95% Cl [- 8.83, - 2.88], P < 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in operative time, positive margins rate, overall complications rate, and major complications rate. CONCLUSION: Single-port robotics appears to have similar perioperative outcomes to multi-port robotics in urological surgery. In radical prostatectomy, single-port robotics has shown some advantages, but the specific suitability of single-port robots for urological surgical types needs to be further explored.

Ultrahigh Mass Activity Pt Entities Consisting of Pt Single atoms, Clusters, and Nanoparticles for Improved Hydrogen Evolution Reaction.

Platinum is one of the best-performing catalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). However, high cost and scarcity severely hinder the large-scale application of Pt electrocatalysts. Constructing highly dispersed ultrasmall Platinum entities is thereby a very effective strategy to increase Pt utilization and mass activities, and reduce costs. Herein, highly dispersed Pt entities composed of a mixture of Pt single atoms, clusters, and nanoparticles are synthesized on mesoporous N-doped carbon nanospheres. The presence of Pt single atoms, clusters, and nanoparticles is demonstrated by combining among others aberration-corrected annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and electrochemical CO stripping. The best catalyst exhibits excellent geometric and Pt HER mass activity, respectively ≈4 and 26 times higher than that of a commercial Pt/C reference and a Pt catalyst supported on nonporous N-doped carbon nanofibers with similar Pt loadings. Noteworthily, after optimization of the geometrical Pt electrode loading, the best catalyst exhibits ultrahigh Pt and catalyst mass activities (56 ± 3 A mg-1 Pt and 11.7 ± 0.6 A mg-1 Cat at -50 mV vs. reversible hydrogen electrode), which are respectively ≈1.5 and 58 times higher than the highest Pt and catalyst mass activities for Pt single-atom and cluster-based catalysts reported so far.

CSI-based sliding window fingerprinting method tailored for a signal blocking environment in VLP systems.

In visible light indoor positioning systems, the localization performance of the received signal strength (RSS)-based fingerprinting algorithm would drop dramatically due to the occlusion of the line-of-sight (LOS) signal caused by randomly moving people or objects. A sliding window fingerprinting (SWF) algorithm based on channel state information (CSI) is put forward to enhance the accuracy and robustness of indoor positioning in this work. The core idea behind SWF is to combine CSI with sliding matching. The sliding window is used to match the received CSI and the fingerprints in the database twice to obtain the optimal matching value and reduce the interference caused by the lack of the LOS signal. On this premise, in order to reflect the different contributions of various paths in CSI to the calculation of match values, a weighted sliding window fingerprinting (W-SWF) is also proposed for the purpose of further improving the accuracy of fingerprint matching. A 4 m × 4 m × 3 m indoor multipath scene with four LEDs is established to evaluate the positioning performance. The simulation results reveal that the mean errors of the proposed method are 0.20 cm and 1.43 cm respectively when the LOS signal of 1 or 2 LEDs is blocked. Compared with the traditional RSS algorithm, the weighted k-nearest neighbor (WKNN) algorithm, and the adaptive residual weighted k-nearest neighbor (ARWKNN) algorithm, the SWF algorithm achieves over 90% improvement in terms of mean error and root mean square error (RMSE).

Research on Remaining Useful Life Prediction Method of Rolling Bearing Based on Digital Twin.

Bearing is a key part of rotating machinery. Accurate prediction of bearing life can avoid serious failures. To address the current problem of low accuracy and poor predictability of bearing life prediction, a bearing life prediction method based on digital twins is proposed. Firstly, the vibration signals of rolling bearings are collected, and the time-domain and frequency-domain features of the actual data set are extracted to construct the feature matrix. Then unsupervised classification and feature selection are carried out by improving the self-organizing feature mapping method. Using sensitive features to construct a twin dataset framework and using the integrated learning CatBoost method to supplement the missing data sets, a complete digital twin dataset is formed. Secondly, important information is extracted through macro and micro attention mechanisms to achieve weight amplification. The life prediction of rolling bearing is realized by using fusion features. Finally, the proposed method is verified by experiments. The experimental results show that this method can predict the bearing life with a limited amount of measured data, which is superior to other prediction methods and can provide a new idea for the health prediction and management of mechanical components.

BRAF/MAPK and GSK3 signaling converges to control MITF nuclear export.

The close integration of the MAPK, PI3K, and WNT signaling pathways underpins much of development and is deregulated in cancer. In principle, combinatorial posttranslational modification of key lineage-specific transcription factors would be an effective means to integrate critical signaling events. Understanding how this might be achieved is central to deciphering the impact of microenvironmental cues in development and disease. The microphthalmia-associated transcription factor MITF plays a crucial role in the development of melanocytes, the retinal pigment epithelium, osteoclasts, and mast cells and acts as a lineage survival oncogene in melanoma. MITF coordinates survival, differentiation, cell-cycle progression, cell migration, metabolism, and lysosome biogenesis. However, how the activity of this key transcription factor is controlled remains poorly understood. Here, we show that GSK3, downstream from both the PI3K and Wnt pathways, and BRAF/MAPK signaling converges to control MITF nuclear export. Phosphorylation of the melanocyte MITF-M isoform in response to BRAF/MAPK signaling primes for phosphorylation by GSK3, a kinase inhibited by both PI3K and Wnt signaling. Dual phosphorylation, but not monophosphorylation, then promotes MITF nuclear export by activating a previously unrecognized hydrophobic export signal. Nonmelanocyte MITF isoforms exhibit poor regulation by MAPK signaling, but instead their export is controlled by mTOR. We uncover here an unanticipated mode of MITF regulation that integrates the output of key developmental and cancer-associated signaling pathways to gate MITF flux through the import-export cycle. The results have significant implications for our understanding of melanoma progression and stem cell renewal.

Template-Guided Programmable Janus Heteronanostructure Arrays for Efficient Plasmonic Photocatalysis.

Janus heteronanostructures (HNs), as an important class of anisotropic nanomaterials, could facilitate synergistic coupling of diverse functions inherited by their comprised nanocomponents. Nowadays, synthesizing deterministically targeted Janus HNs remains a challenge. Here, a general yet scalable technique is utilized to fabricate an array of programmable Janus HNs based on anodic aluminum oxide binary-pore templates. By designing and employing an overetching process to partially expose four-edges of one set of nanocomponents in a binary-pore template, selective deposition and interfacing of the other set of nanocomponents is successfully achieved along the exposed four-edges to form a densely packed array of Janus HNs on a large scale. In combination with an upgraded two-step anodization, the synthesis provides high degrees of freedom for both nanocomponents of the Janus HNs, including morphologies, compositions, dimensions, and interfacial junctions. Arrays of TiO2-Au and TiO2/Pt NPs-Au Janus HNs are designed, fabricated, and demonstrated about 2.2 times photocurrent density and 4.6 times H2 evolution rate of that obtained from their TiO2 counterparts. The enhancement was mainly determined as a result of localized surface plasmon resonance induced direct hot electron injection and strong plasmon resonance energy transfer near the interfaces of TiO2 nanotubes and Au nanorods. This study may represent a promising step forward to pursue customized Janus HNs, leading to novel physicochemical effects and device applications.

A case report of schizoaffective disorder with ritualistic behaviors and catatonic stupor: successful treatment by risperidone and modified electroconvulsive therapy.

BACKGROUND: Ritualistic behaviors are common in obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), while catatonic stupor occasionally occurs in psychotic or mood disorders. Schizoaffective disorder is a specific mental disorder involving both psychotic and affective symptoms. The syndrome usually represents a specific diagnosis, as in the case of the 10th edition of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) or the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). However, symptom-based diagnosis can result in misdiagnosis and hinder effective treatment. Few cases of ritualistic behaviors and catatonic stupor associated with schizoaffective disorder have been reported. Risperidone and modified electroconvulsive therapy (MECT) were effective in our case. CASE PRESENTATION: A 35-year-old man with schizoaffective disorder-depression was admitted to the hospital because of ritualistic behaviors, depression, and distrust. At the time of admission, prominent ritualistic behaviors and depression misled us to make the diagnosis of OCD. Sertraline add-on treatment exacerbated the psychotic symptoms, such as pressure of thoughts and delusion of control. In the presence of obvious psychotic symptoms and depression, schizoaffective disorder-depression was diagnosed according to ICD-10. Meanwhile, the patient unfortunately developed catatonic stupor and respiratory infection, which was identified by respiratory symptoms, blood tests, and a chest X-ray. To treat psychotic symptoms, catatonic stupor, and respiratory infection, risperidone, MECT, and ceftriaxone were administered. As a result, we successfully cured the patient with the abovementioned treatment strategies. Eventually, the patient was diagnosed with schizoaffective disorder-depression with ritualistic behaviors and catatonia. Risperidone and MECT therapies were dramatically effective. CONCLUSION: Making a differential diagnosis of mental disorders is a key step in treating disease. Sertraline was not recommended for treating schizoaffective disorder-depression according to our case because it could exacerbate positive symptoms. Controversy remains about whether antipsychotics should be administered for catatonic stupor. However, more case studies will be needed. Risperidone with MECT was beneficial for the patient in our case.

Highly reproducible surface-enhanced Raman scattering substrate for detection of phenolic pollutants.

The ordering degree of nanostructures is the key to determining the uniformity of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). However, fabrication of large-area ordered nanostructures remains a challenge, especially with the ultrahigh-density (>1010 cm-2). Here, we report a fabrication of large-area ultrahigh-density ordered Ag@Al2O3/Ag core-shell nanosphere (NS) arrays with tunable nanostructures. The ultrahigh-density (2.8 × 1010 cm-2) ordered NS arrays over a large-area capability (diameter >4.0 cm) enable the uniform SERS signals with the relative standard deviation of less than 5%. The as-fabricated highly reproducible SERS substrate can be applied to detect trace phenolic pollutants in water. This work does not only provide a new route for synthesizing the ultrahigh-density ordered nanostructures, but also create a new class of SERS substrates with high sensitivity and excellent reproducibility.

Differentiated melanocyte cell division occurs in vivo and is promoted by mutations in Mitf.

Coordination of cell proliferation and differentiation is crucial for tissue formation, repair and regeneration. Some tissues, such as skin and blood, depend on differentiation of a pluripotent stem cell population, whereas others depend on the division of differentiated cells. In development and in the hair follicle, pigmented melanocytes are derived from undifferentiated precursor cells or stem cells. However, differentiated melanocytes may also have proliferative capacity in animals, and the potential for differentiated melanocyte cell division in development and regeneration remains largely unexplored. Here, we use time-lapse imaging of the developing zebrafish to show that while most melanocytes arise from undifferentiated precursor cells, an unexpected subpopulation of differentiated melanocytes arises by cell division. Depletion of the overall melanocyte population triggers a regeneration phase in which differentiated melanocyte division is significantly enhanced, particularly in young differentiated melanocytes. Additionally, we find reduced levels of Mitf activity using an mitfa temperature-sensitive line results in a dramatic increase in differentiated melanocyte cell division. This supports models that in addition to promoting differentiation, Mitf also promotes withdrawal from the cell cycle. We suggest differentiated cell division is relevant to melanoma progression because the human melanoma mutation MITF(4T)(Δ)(2B) promotes increased and serial differentiated melanocyte division in zebrafish. These results reveal a novel pathway of differentiated melanocyte division in vivo, and that Mitf activity is essential for maintaining cell cycle arrest in differentiated melanocytes.

Waste tire valorization: Advanced technologies, process simulation, system optimization, and sustainability.

The production of waste tires is steadily increasing, leading to challenges like slow degradation, severe environmental pollution, and significant land use. To address these issues, waste tire valorization has emerged as a crucial aspect of global environmental protection and sustainable development, garnering widespread attention and promotion. Innovative technologies are being leveraged to convert waste tires into valuable products and energy, promoting resource recycling and mitigating environmental harm. While existing literature has highlighted key technologies in the waste tire valorization process, this study aims to comprehensively review the current advancements in waste tire valorization from various angles, including processes, optimization, and evaluation, to support its sustainable development. Firstly, it outlines advanced technologies in the waste tire valorization process for producing value-added products, such as grinding, pyrolysis, and critical devulcanization stages. Secondly, it summarizes simulation and optimization techniques applied in waste tire valorization. Lastly, it discusses the application of sustainable assessment methods like techno-economic assessment, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in waste tire valorization, proposing the establishment of a unified assessment system. The review findings suggest that (1) developing a super-structural waste tire valorization framework offers a promising path for technological enhancement and low-carbon sustainable transformation. (2) Integrating mechanism and data-driven method in simulation modeling enhances result accuracy and interpretability. (3) Creating a multi-objective optimization model to optimize waste tire valorization from economic, technological, social, and environmental perspectives can drive efficient and low-carbon development. (4) Establishing a unified sustainability assessment system will standardize the evaluation of waste tire valorization's sustainability.

Mayo Adhesion Probability Score Predicts Perioperative Outcome of Partial Nephrectomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objective: Assessing whether Mayo adhesive probability (MAP) levels affect perioperative outcomes after partial nephrectomy (PN). Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted in accordance with the PRISMA statement. A systematic search of the literature published before February 1, 2023 was conducted using Pubmed, Embase, Cochran, and Web of Science libraries. We included all articles evaluating adherent perirenal fat by MAP during PN. Results: A total of 1807 patients from 7 studies meeting the criteria were included. In the high MAP group, the operation time was longer, and the estimated blood loss and postoperative complications were increased. There was no significant difference in positive surgical margin, warm ischemia time, and hospitalization time. Conclusions: As a simple and easy scoring method, MAP can predict the perioperative outcome of PN patients, especially when ≥3 is the boundary. However, more cohort studies are still needed to determine the optimal cutoff point of MAP.

Multi-Scale Masked Autoencoders for Cross-Session Emotion Recognition.

Affective brain-computer interfaces (aBCIs) have garnered widespread applications, with remarkable advancements in utilizing electroencephalogram (EEG) technology for emotion recognition. However, the time-consuming process of annotating EEG data, inherent individual differences, non-stationary characteristics of EEG data, and noise artifacts in EEG data collection pose formidable challenges in developing subject-specific cross-session emotion recognition models. To simultaneously address these challenges, we propose a unified pre-training framework based on multi-scale masked autoencoders (MSMAE), which utilizes large-scale unlabeled EEG signals from multiple subjects and sessions to extract noise-robust, subject-invariant, and temporal-invariant features. We subsequently fine-tune the obtained generalized features with only a small amount of labeled data from a specific subject for personalization and enable cross-session emotion recognition. Our framework emphasizes: 1) Multi-scale representation to capture diverse aspects of EEG signals, obtaining comprehensive information; 2) An improved masking mechanism for robust channel-level representation learning, addressing missing channel issues while preserving inter-channel relationships; and 3) Invariance learning for regional correlations in spatial-level representation, minimizing inter-subject and inter-session variances. Under these elaborate designs, the proposed MSMAE exhibits a remarkable ability to decode emotional states from a different session of EEG data during the testing phase. Extensive experiments conducted on the two publicly available datasets, i.e., SEED and SEED-IV, demonstrate that the proposed MSMAE consistently achieves stable results and outperforms competitive baseline methods in cross-session emotion recognition.

Comparing the safety and effectiveness of minimally invasive surgery and open inguinal lymph node dissection in penile cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the safety and effectiveness of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) with open inguinal lymph node dissection (O-ILND) in penile cancer. METHODS: We performed a systematic reviews and cumulative meta-analyses of primary results of interest according to PRISMA criteria, and quality assessment followed AMSTAR. The system searched five databases, including Zhiwang, Embase, PubMed, Cochrane Library and Web of Science. The search period ranged was from database creation until September 2023. The statistical analysis software used Stata16. RESULTS: A total of 16 studies, including 898 patients. Compared to O-ILND, MIS is superior in length of stay (WMD = -2.96, 95%CI [-4.38, -1.54], P < 0.05), drainage time (WMD = -3.24, 95%CI [-4.70, -1.78], P < 0.05) and estimated blood loss (WMD = -35.70, 95%CI [-46.27, -25.14], P < 0.05), while operation time, recurrence rate and 5-year overall survival rate are the same. The number of lymph nodes dissection between the two groups are not statistically significant. Subgroup analyses found that there are more lymph nodes dissection in robotic-assisted inguinal lymph nodes dissection (WMD = 0.50, 95%CI [0.20, 0.80], P < 0.05). The overall complication rate of MIS was lower (OR = 0.26, 95%CI [0.09, 0.70], P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Minimally invasive inguinal lymph nodes dissection appears to be a better option for penile cancer cases. But more large samples and multicenter studies are needed to further confirm.

Is Ablation Suitable For Small Renal Masses (SRMs)? A Meta-Analysis.

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: To compare perioperative and oncology outcomes of ablation and partial nephrectomy in small renal masses (SRMs). METHODS: We conduct this meta-analysis strictly according to the PRISMA standard, and the quality evaluation follows the AMSTAR standard. Four databases, Embase, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science, were systematically searched. The search time range is from database creation to November 2023. Stata16 statistical software was used for statistical analysis. Weighted mean difference (WMD) represented continuity variables, odds ratio or relative risk (OR/RR) represented dichotomies variables, and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were calculated. RESULTS: A total of 27 studies, including 6030 patients. Results showed that patients undergoing partial nephrectomy were younger (WMD = -5.45 years, 95%CI [-7.44, -3.46], P < 0.05), had longer operation time (WMD = 64.91 min, 95%CI [44.47, 85.34], P < 0.05), had longer length of stay (WMD = 2.91 days, 95%CI [2.04, 3.78], P < 0.05), and had more estimated blood loss (WMD = 97.76 ml, 95%CI [69.48, 126.04]. P < 0.05), the overall complication rate was higher (OR = 1.84, 95%CI [1.48, 2.29], P < 0.05), the major complication rate was higher (OR = 1.98, 95%CI [1.36, 2.88], P < 0.05), and the recurrence rate was lower (OR = 0.32, 95%Cl [0.20, 0.50], P < 0.05). However, there were no differences between ablation and partial nephrectomy in cancer-specific survival (CSS) (HR = 2.07, 95%CI [0.61, 7.04], P > 0.05), overall survival (OS) (HR = 1.24, 95%CI [0.58, 2.65], P > 0.05), and recurrence-free survival (RFS) (HR = 2.68, 95%CI [0.91, 7.88], P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Patients undergoing partial nephrectomy are younger, have longer operation time and length of stay, and have higher complication rate. However, there was no significant difference in CSS, OS, and RFS between partial nephrectomy and ablation, but more well-designed, high-quality studies are needed to confirm this.

The therapeutic effect and targets of herba Sarcandrae on breast cancer and the construction of a prognostic signature consisting of inflammation-related genes.

Background: The prevalence of breast cancer (BRCA), which is common among women, is on the rise. This study applied network pharmacology to explore the potential mechanism of action of herba sarcandrae in BRCA and construct a prognostic signature composed of inflammation-related genes. Methods: The active ingredients of herba sarcandrae were screened using the SymMap, TCMID, and TCMSP platforms, and the molecular targets were determined in the UniProt database. The "drug-active compound-potential target" network was established with Cytoscape 3.7.2. The molecular targets were subjected to disease ontology, gene ontology (GO), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes (KEGG) analyses. AutoDock software was used for molecular docking. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to inflammation were obtained from the BRCA Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. In the training cohort, the univariate Cox regression model was applied to preliminarily screen prognostic genes. A multigene signature was built by the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression model, followed by validation through Kaplan‒Meier, Cox, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses. Results: Forty-one active compounds were identified, and 265 therapeutic targets for herba sarcandrae were predicted. GO enrichment results revealed significant enrichment of biological processes, such as response to xenobiotic stimuli, response to nutrient levels, and response to lipopolysaccharide. KEGG analysis revealed significant enrichment of pathways such as AGE-RAGE and chemical carcinogenesis receptor activation signaling pathways. In addition, the herbs Marc-Andre and rutin were shown to mediate BRCA cell proliferation and apoptosis via the interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) pathway. Sixteen inflammatory signatures, including BST2, GPR132, IL12B, IL18, IL1R1, IL2RB, IRF1, and others, were constructed, and the risk score was found to be a strong independent prognostic factor for overall survival in BRCA patients. The 16-inflammation signature was associated with several clinical features (age, clinical stage, T, and N classifications) and could reflect immune cell infiltration in tumor microenvironments with different immune cells. Conclusions: Herba sarcandrae and rutin were shown to mediate BRCA cell proliferation and apoptosis via the IRF1/STAT3/PD-L1 pathway, and the 16-member inflammatory signature might be a novel biomarker for predicting BRCA patient prognosis, providing more accurate guidance for clinical treatment prognosis evaluation and having important reference value for individualized treatment selection.

In Situ Growth of Nano-MoS2 on Graphite Substrates as Catalysts for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction.

In order to synthesize a high-efficiency catalytic electrode for hydrogen evolution reactions, nano-MoS2 was deposited in situ on the surface of graphite substrates via a one-step hydrothermal method. The effects of the reactant concentration on the microstructure and the electrocatalytic characteristics of the nano-MoS2 catalyst layers were investigated in detail. The study results showed that nano-MoS2 sheets with a thickness of about 10 nm were successfully deposited on the surface of the graphite substrates. The reactant concentration had an important effect on uniform distribution of the catalyst layers. A higher or lower reactant concentration was disadvantageous for the electrochemical performance of the nano-MoS2 catalyst layers. The prepared electrode had the best electrocatalytic activity when the thiourea concentration was 0.10 mol·L-1. The minimum hydrogen evolution reaction overpotential was 196 mV (j = 10 mV·cm-2) and the corresponding Tafel slope was calculated to be 54.1 mV·dec-1. Moreover, the prepared electrode had an excellent cycling stability, and the microstructure and the electrocatalytic properties of the electrode had almost no change after 2000 cycles. The results of the present study are helpful for developing low-cost and efficient electrode material for hydrogen evolution reactions.