The Effect of Dexmedetomidine as a Local Anesthetic Adjuvant for Iliac Fascia Compartment Block on Postoperative Delirium in Elderly Patients Undergoing Elective Hip Surgery.

INTRODUCTION: We analyzed the effect of dexmedetomidine (DEX) as a local anesthetic adjuvant on postoperative delirium (POD) in elderly patients undergoing elective hip surgery. METHODS: In this study, 120 patients undergoing hip surgery were enrolled and randomly assigned to two groups: fascia iliaca compartment block with DEX + ropivacaine (the Y group, n = 60) and fascia iliaca compartment block with ropivacaine (the R group, n = 60). The primary outcomes: presence of delirium during the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) period and on the first day (D1), the second day (D2), and the third day (D3) after surgery. The secondary outcomes: preoperative and postoperative C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), occurrence of insomnia on the preoperative day, day of operation, D1 and D2; HR values of patients in both groups before iliac fascia block (T1), 30 min after iliac fascia block (T2), at surgical incision (T3), 20 min after incision (T4), when they were transferred out of the operating room (T5) and after leaving the recovery room (T6) at each time point; VAS for T1, PACU, D1, D2; the number of patients requiring remedial analgesics within 24 h after blockade and related complications between the two groups. RESULTS: A total of 97 patients were included in the final analysis, with 11 and 12 patients withdrawing from the R and Y groups, respectively. The overall incidence of POD and its incidence in the PACU and ward were all lesser in the Y group than in the R group (p < 0.05). Additionally, fewer cases required remedial analgesia during the PACU period, and more vasoactive drugs were used for maintaining circulatory system stability in the Y group as compared to the R group (p < 0.05). At the same time, the incidence of intraoperative and postoperative bradycardia in the Y group was higher than that in the R group, accompanied by lower postoperative CRP and ESR (all p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Ultrasound-guided high fascia iliaca compartment block with a combination of ropivacaine and DEX can reduce the incidence of POD, the use of intraoperative opioids and postoperative remedial analgesics, and postoperative inflammation in elderly patients who have undergone hip surgery, indicating that this method could be beneficial in the prevention and treatment of POD.

Effect of autologous platelet-rich plasma in combination with bovine porous bone mineral and bio-guide membrane on bone regeneration in mandible bicortical bony defects.

OBJECTIVE: Growth factors contained in platelet-rich plasma (PRP) can induce osteoblast differentiation in certain studies, whereas in others, osteogenesis of PRP on mandible bone defects has not been proved clinically. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of autologous PRP on the osteogenic potential of combining bovine porous bone mineral (BPBM) and bio-guide membrane (BGM) in promoting mandible bicortical bony defects in rabbits. METHODS: One circular mandible bicortical bony defects were created in each of 54 rabbits, which were divided into 3 groups: group 1: 18 of the defects were left unfilled as a negative control; group 2: 18 of the defects were grafted with autologous PRP and BPBM/BGM; group 3: 18 of the defects were grafted with BPBM/BGM without PRP. Animals were killed at 4, 8, and 12 weeks after operation. Harvested tissue and specimens were evaluated histologically and radiographically, and metabolized observation was performed. Histological parameters associated with osteoblast activities, bone trabecula, neovascularization, newly formed mineralized bone, rudimental grafts and connective tissue formation were measured. Densities of the bones at 4, 8, and 12 weeks were studied by radiographic. The bone defect closure ratio was measured at 12 weeks. The bone metabolized parameter alkaline phosphatase was also measured and compared between 4, 8, and 12 weeks. RESULTS: The platelet concentration of PRP is 4.19- to 4.43-fold to that of the whole blood. Histological analysis showed new bone formation at all therapeutic sites including BPBM/BGM grafts with or without PRP. A statistically significant difference in new bone formation between group PRP/BPBM/BGM and group BPBM/BGM was observed. Untreated defects of group control showed the less bone regeneration. There was significant difference of bone density between group PRP/BPBM/BGM and control, and group BPBM/BGM and control, at 4, 8, and 12 weeks postoperative. There were more bone defects filling, and the grafts were absorbed at 12 weeks of group PRP/BPBM/BGM compared with group BPBM/BGM. Defects treated with PRP/BPBM/BGM demonstrated significantly increased activity of osteoblasts, enhanced amount of mitochondria and rough endoplasmic reticulum in osteoblasts, and increased concentration of alkaline phosphatase at 4, 8, and 12 weeks compared with those treated with BPBM/BGM and control group. Complete closure ratio of bone defects treated with PRP/BPBM/BGM (50%) was significantly increased compared with that treated with BPBM/BGM (16.6%). CONCLUSIONS: The study suggested that PRP combination of BPBM and BGM had significant therapeutic effects on mandible bicortical bony defects of rabbits. The effects are associated with the high concentration of platelet in PRP and the porous configuration of BPBM. Although we cannot reveal the detailed statistical relationship of PRP on promoting BPBM/GBM osteoinductive effects, PRP demonstrated superior results of bone regeneration.

Risk factors associated with postoperative delirium in elderly patients undergoing hip surgery.

Objective: We retrospectively analyzed the occurrence of postoperative delirium following hip surgery and the associated risk factors. The aim was to establish a clinical foundation for preventing postoperative delirium after hip surgery. Methods: We retrospectively selected elderly patients who had hip surgery at our hospital between January 2022 and August 2022. We included patients who experienced delirium in the observation group and those who did not encounter delirium in the control group. We then proceeded to compare various indicators among these two groups of patients. Results: We analyzed a total of 97 cases of hip surgery, and among them, 32 cases experienced postoperative delirium, resulting in an incidence rate of 32.9%. Various factors were found to be linked to the development of postoperative delirium, including age, height, gender (male), preoperative erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), postoperative ESR, preoperative lactate levels, pain scores on the first day after surgery, type of surgical procedure, and the occurrence of delirium in the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU delirium). Additionally, it was observed that 75% of patients who had PACU delirium also experienced postoperative delirium. Conclusion: Postoperative delirium in patients who have hip surgery had an incidence rate of 32.9%. This phenomenon is linked to various factors that pose a risk, such as the patient age, height, gender, preoperative ESR levels, postoperative ESR levels, preoperative lactate levels, pain scores on the day following surgery, and the specific surgical procedure performed. The likelihood of experiencing delirium increases by 12% for every additional 10 years in patient age. Additionally, the occurrence of delirium in the PACU is a strong indicator of the likelihood of experiencing postoperative delirium.

[Interleukin 7 and its receptor promote cell proliferation and induce lymphangiogenesis in non-small cell lung cancer].

OBJECTIVE: To study the mechanism of interleukin 7/interleukin 7 receptor (IL-7/IL-7R) in promoting cell proliferation and inducing lymphangiogenesis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in vivo and in vitro. METHODS: Immunohistochemical study for IL-7, IL-7R, cyclin D1 and vascular endothelial growth factor-D (VEGF-D) was carried out in NSCLC tissues from 95 patients. The relationship between IL-7/IL-7R expression and various parameters was analyzed. The mechanism of IL-7/IL-7R in promoting cell proliferation and inducing lymphangiogenesis was studied by methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide, fluorescence-activated cell sorting, reverse transcriptase-PCR, Western blot, co-immunoprecipitation, chromatin immunoprecipitation and nude mice experiments with xenograft tumors. RESULTS: IL-7 (63.2%, 60/95), IL-7R (61.1%, 58/95), cyclin D1 (52.6%, 50/95) and VEGF-D (58.9%, 56/95) showed that high level of expression in NSCLC. IL-7/IL-7R over-expression correlated with cyclin D1 expression (P < 0.01, P < 0.01), VEGF-D expression (P < 0.01, P < 0.01), increased lymphovascular density (P = 0.005, P = 0.013), advanced clinical stage (P = 0.008, P = 0.005) and presence of lymph node metastasis (P < 0.01, P < 0.01). IL-7/IL-7R could promote proliferation of A549 cell, increase cyclin D1 and VEGF-D expression, and enhance c-Fos/c-Jun expression and phosphorylation, resulting in formation of heterodimer. Furthermore, IL-7/IL-7R could induce binding of c-Fos/c-Jun to cyclin D1/VEGF-D promoters and regulate their transcription. IL-7/IL-7R could also promote proliferation and lymphangiogenesis of lung cancer xenograft tumors. CONCLUSIONS: IL-7/IL-7R promotes c-Fos/c-Jun expression and activity in NSCLC. This further facilitates cyclin D1 expression and accelerates proliferation of cells and VEGF-D-induced lymphovascular formation.

Overexpression of PtADC confers enhanced dehydration and drought tolerance in transgenic tobacco and tomato: effect on ROS elimination.

Drought is a major environmental factor that limits plant growth and productivity. Polyamines have been shown to act as stress molecules that accumulate in plant adaptation to abiotic stresses. In this study, an arginine decarboxylase gene isolated from Poncirus trifoliata, PtADC, was introduced into tobacco and tomato to investigate its function in drought tolerance. We demonstrate that the transgenic plants showed an improvement in dehydration and drought tolerance. Under dehydration stress conditions, the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was remarkably decreased in the transgenic lines as compared with the wild type. Moreover, the transcript levels of three stress-responsive genes were increased in the transgenic tobacco lines. Taken together, our results suggest that PtADC plays a key role in drought tolerance, which is, at least partially, attributed to its role in ROS detoxification.

3-(Pyridin-4-yl-thio)-pentane-2,4-dione.

In the title compound, C(10)H(11)NO(2)S, the acetyl-acetone group crystallizes in the keto form with all the non-hydrogen atoms in the acetyl-acetone group approximately co-planar with a maximum atomic deviation 0.055 (2) Å; the dihedral angle between the acetyl-acetone group and the pyridine ring is 85.90 (6)°. An intra-molecular O-H⋯O hydrogen bond involving the acetyl-acetone group forms a six-membered ring.

Bis(µ-pyridine-2,4-dicarboxyl-ato)-κN,O:O;κO:N,O-bis-[triaqua-magnesium(II)].

In the title centrosymmetric Mg(II) complex, [Mg(2)(C(7)H(3)NO(4))(2)(H(2)O)(6)], each Mg cation is N,O-chelated by a pyridine-2,4-dicarboxyl-ate dianion and is coordinated by three water mol-ecules. A carboxyl-ate O atom from the neighboring pyridine-2,4-dicarboxyl-ate dianion bridges the Mg cation to complete the MgNO(5) distorted octa-hedral coordination geometry. The dinuclear complex mol-ecules are linked by inter-molecular O-H⋯O hydrogen bonding, forming a three-dimensional supra-molecular structure.

5-(Pyridin-4-yl)isophthalic acid.

In the title compound, C(13)H(9)NO(4), the two carb-oxy-lic groups and the benzene ring are approximately co-planar with a maximum atomic deviation 0.175 (4) Å, while the pyridine ring is oriented at a dihedral angle of 31.07 (18)° with respect to the benzene ring. In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked by O-H⋯O, O-H⋯N and weak C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming a three-dimensional supra-molecular framework.

[Alteration of thromboxane A2 and prostacyclin levels in rats with obstructive jaundice and the effect of salviae miltiorrhizae on them].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the alteration of plasma levels of thromboxane A2 (TXA2) and prostacyclin (PGI2) as well as changes of microcirculation in renal cortex of obstructive jaundice model rats, and to study the effect of Radix Salviae miltiorrhizae (SM) on them. METHODS: SD rats were randomly divided into three groups: the sham operation group (A), the common bile duct ligation model group (B), and the SM treated model group (C). Their blood plasma TXA2/PGI2 ratio (T/P), blood levels of urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr) were determined respectively in batches (8 rats from each group) on the 3 rd, 7th and 10th day, their capillary caliber (CC) in renal cortex was measured at the same time points using WX-9 type microcirculation microscope. RESULTS: Compared with Group A, T/P was higher and CC was smaller in Group B at all the time points. Levels of BUN and Cr increased on day 7 and day 10 after modeling (P<0.05), and they were increasing markedly along with the elongation of the obstructive time (P<0.05). As compared with Group B, T/P was lower and CC was expanded in Group C, with levels of BUN and Cr lowered on day 10 (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: T/P elevation and renal microcirculation obstacle are the important factors for inducing renal injury in obstructive jaundice, and SM shows a protective effect on kidney against the injury.

Primary adult primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the bladder: A case report and literature review.

RATIONALE: A primary primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) is a rare and highly malignant tumor that often occurs in the central nervous system of children and young adults. This tumor is rarely observed in the bladder. PATIENT CONCERNS: In this paper, we describe the case of a 64-year-old man with a PNET of the bladder. He experienced dull pain in the lower left abdomen for 5 months (without any obvious inducement), which gradually became aggravated and intolerable. DIAGNOSES: Partial cystectomy was performed, and a PNET of the bladder, which is extremely rare, was confirmed. INTERVENTIONS: Following cystectomy, the patient's general postoperative state was poor and he could not tolerate chemotherapy. Thus, he was subjected to pelvic radiotherapy for 2 weeks. OUTCOMES: His physical condition did not improve significantly after radiotherapy; however, we still plan to continue it. If the patient's physical condition improves, chemotherapy will be considered. LESSONS: Most cases of PNETs are intravesical or at least mainly endophytic. However, in this case, the mucosal layer was barely involved, and the tumor mainly grew out of the bladder, which is very rare. The present case provides reference for the diagnosis of PNET.

Two novel lead-based coordination polymers for luminescence sensing of anions, cations and small organic molecules.

Two novel lead-based coordination polymers, namely [Pb(cbdcp)]·0.5H2O·0.5CH3OH (1) and [Pb(cbdcp)] (2), have been solvothermally constructed by using a zwitterionic ligand 4-carboxy-1-(3,4-dicarboxy-benzyl)-pyridinium chloride (abbreviated as H3cbdcpCl). Compound 1 has a three-dimensional framework displaying a valence-bonded SrAl2 topology with the 42·63·8 symbol, while compound 2 has a two-dimensional sheet structure that can be simplified into a three-dimensional ππ interaction-connected topology with the {44·62}2{48·615·85} symbol. Notably, compound 1 proved to be a promising potential luminescent sensor capable of selectively detecting anions, cations and small organic molecules, especially Cr2O72-, CrO42-, Fe3+ and nitrobenzene.

[Expression and significance of elastin and fibulin-5 in anterior vaginal tissue of women with pelvic organ prolapse].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression and significance of elastin and fibulin-5 in anterior vaginal tissue of women with pelvic organ prolapse (POP). METHODS: Between November 2006 and June 2008, 68 patients with POP underwent surgical treatment in Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University were enrolled in this study, who were classified into 10 patients with grade I, 21 patients with grade II, 25 patients with grade III and 12 patients with grade IV in accordance with pelvic organ prolapse quantitation (POP-Q). Meanwhile, 18 cases with early cervical cancer at stage of I b were treated by total hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, their anterior vaginal tissues were selected as controls. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to detect the expression of elastin and fibulin-5. RESULTS: (1) Elastin and fibulin-5 were mainly expressed at extracellular matrix(ECM). (2) The positive rate of fibulin-5 expression in anterior vaginal wall were 5% (2/37) in grade III/IV and 26% (8/31) in grade I/IV POP patients, which reached statistical difference (P = 0.035). However, no statistical different expression was found between postmenopausal (13%, 8/60) and non-menopausal patients (2/8), vaginal delivery < or =2 (19%, 5/27) and >2 patients (12%, 5/41, P > 0.05). (3) The positive rate of elastin expression in anterior vaginal wall in POP group was 31% (21/68), which was significantly lower than 72% (13/18) of control group (P = 0.002). Among POP group, 19% (7/37) of elastin expression in grade III/IV POP was significantly lower than 45% (14/31) in grade I/II of POP patients. However, no statistical difference was found between postmenopausal (30%, 18/60) and non-menopausal patients (3/8), vaginal delivery < or =2 (26%, 7/27) and >2 patients(34%, 14/41, P > 0.05). (4) In POP group, both positive expression of fibulin-5 and elastin of anterior vaginal wall was in 6 cases, both negative expression of fibulin-5 and elastin was in 43 cases. It was illustrated that elastin and fibulin-5 had an positive relationship (P = 0.031). CONCLUSION: The decreased expression of elastin and fibulin-5 was correlated with degree of POP, which indicated that elastin and fibulin-5 may play a role in the pathogenesis of POP.

Calcifying fibrous tumor of the mediastinum: A case report.

BACKGROUND: Calcifying fibrous tumor (CFT) is a rare benign mesenchymal tumor that often occurs in deep soft tissue of children and young adults. CFT rarely occurs in the mediastinum. CASE SUMMARY: In this paper, we describe a 31-year-old male patient with CFT in the mediastinum. The patient did not have any symptoms, and the posterior mediastinal lesion was unintentionally found during routine re-examination of thyroid cancer. The tumor had no adhesion to the surrounding tissue and was successfully and completely removed. Pathology showed a large amount of collagen-rich fibrous connective tissue. There was scattered dystrophic calcification and gravel in the fibrous tissue and a small amount of lymphocyte and plasma cell infiltration and lymphoid follicle formation in the interstitial fluid. In addition, findings showed 20 IgG4+ plasma cells per high-powered field of the diseased tissue, an IgG4+/IgG ratio of about 20%, and normal serum IgG4 levels. The final diagnosis was CFT of the mediastinum (CFTM). No evidence of tumor recurrence was observed by computed tomography at 3 mo after surgery. CONCLUSION: IgG4+ plasma cell enlargement may occur in CFTM, but clinical manifestations and serological tests suggest that it is not IgG4-related disease. We speculate that it may be an independent tumor subtype.

[Effects of heparanase inhibition by RNA interference on proliferation, invasiveness and apoptosis of lung cancer cells].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of heparanase expression inhibition on the proliferation, invasiveness and apoptosis of human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549 cells. METHODS: Recombinant eukaryotic expression plasmid pshRNA-Hpa targeting human heparanase gene was constructed. A549 cells were cultured in DMEM and transfected with pshRNA-Hpa. The expression of heparanase mRNA and protein were examined by RT-PCR and Western blot. The proliferation, invasiveness and apoptotic rates of A549 cells were determined by MTT method, matrigel invasion assays and flow cytometry respectively. RESULTS: The expression levels of heparanase mRNA and protein were down-regulated in A549 transfected with pshRNA-Hpa. The number of cells penetrating matrigel and the proliferation ability of A549 cells transfected with pshRNA-Hpa were reduced significantly compared to the control cells. The apoptotic rate of A549 cells transfected with pshRNA-Hpa was 12.53% +/- 0.34%, being significantly higher than that of the control cells (both P < 0.01). Western-blot showed that inhibition of heparanase expression led to reduced Akt phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS: The recombinant plasmid pshRNA-Hpa effectively inhibited the expression of heparanase, thus suppressing the proliferation and invasion and inducing apoptosis of A549 cells. The effects may be due to the down-regulation of Akt phosphorylation level.

Primary acinic cell carcinoma of the lung with psammoma bodies: A case report and review of literature.

Salivary gland-type tumors are rare in the lung. Primary acinic cell carcinoma of the lung is extremely rare. Here, we report a case of primary acinic cell carcinoma of the lung with prominent psammoma bodies. A 31-year-old man came to our hospital with a tumor in the basal segment of the lower lobe of the right lung. The tumor tissue displayed solid, acinar, or microcystic structures at different regions. A large amount of psammoma bodies were scattered in more than half of the tumor. The majority of the tumor cells were round or polygonal in shape, with abundant acidophilic granular or vacuolated cytoplasm. The results of tumor tissue tests were positive for periodic acid Schiff (PAS), broad-spectrum cytokeratin, and cytokeratin 7 staining, but negative for P63, TTF-1, CD56, synaptophysin, HMB45, and PR staining. Based on the clinical information, histological features, and the immunohistochemical staining profile, the tumor was diagnosed as a primary acinic cell carcinoma of the lung. This is the first report of primary acinic cell carcinoma with prominent psammoma bodies in the lung.

[Retracted] Effects of the eukaryotic initiation factor 6 gene on expression levels of inflammatory mediators in M2 macrophages during scar repair.

Following the publication of this article, we regret to report that we have been unable to reproduce the results presented in the paper in our subsequent studies. At the present time, we have not been able to ascertain the reason behind this. Therefore, we would like to retract this article from publication. All the named authors agree to this retraction. We regret any inconvenience to the readers that this retraction will cause. [The original article was published in Molecular Medicine Reports 14: 819-824, 2016; DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5294].

Pulmonary spindle cell carcinoma with unusual morphology: A rare case report and review of the literature.

RATIONALE: Pulmonary spindle cell carcinoma (PSCC) is a highly malignant carcinoma that often exhibits the histopathological characteristic of cell pleomorphism. PATIENT CONCERNS: Here, we report a PSCC case in a 59-year-old woman with multiple metastases. The pathological manifestation of this case did not show high-grade pleomorphism or atypia, and was easily mimicked by other borderline or low-grade malignant tumors such as an inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT). DIAGNOSES: Based on the results of immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization after the operation, IMT was ruled out, and PSCC was confirmed. INTERVENTIONS: Resection of the right middle lobe and dissection of the lymph nodes were performed. The patient was given 2 cycles of chemotherapy with cisplatin and 1 cycle of radiotherapy after the operation. OUTCOMES: Metastatic lesions in the left kidney, the right lung, the first thoracic vertebrae, the retroperitoneal lymph nodes, and the mediastinal lymph nodes were identified by positron emission tomography/computed tomography 4 months after the operation, and the patient died 2 months later. LESSONS: PSCC is a highly malignant carcinoma, but it rarely shows a low-grade malignant histological morphology. So, efforts should be focused on differentiating it from other borderline or low malignant tumors (such as IMT) to avoid misdiagnosis.

Malignant phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor with pulmonary metastasis: A case report.

RATIONALE: Phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor (PMT) is a new tumor entity of soft tissue and bone tumor recently accepted by the World Health Organization, which typically causes the paraneoplastic syndrome of tumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO). The majority of PMTs follow a benign clinical course and local recurrence occurs in < 10% of cases, malignant PMTs with distant organ metastasis are extremely uncommon. PATIENT CONCERNS: We reported a 41-year-old woman who was diagnosed with PMT 10 years ago with a repeated recurrence and pulmonary metastasis. DIAGNOSES: Based on clinical manifestations, MRI scan, serum biochemical indicators evaluation, followed by histopathological examination, the patient was diagnosed as malignant PMT with pulmonary metastasis. INTERVENTIONS: The patient was treated with calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D after surgical resection and measured the serum ion concentrations every 3 months. OUTCOMES: The patient had a favorable outcome for 10 months without recurrence. LESSONS: PMTs lack of characteristic histological morphology, some recurrence cases may appear benign morphologically; the malignant PMTs are easily overlooked. Patients with PMT should be carefully evaluated and monitored, in order to early identify its malignant potential.

Anorectal melanoma metastatic to the breast: a case report and review of the literature.

Melanoma develops from melanocytes and typically occurs on the skin and mucosa with a high degree of malignancy. Intensive local invasion and distant metastasis of melanoma result in poor patient prognosis, owing to frequent metastases to the lungs, bones, brains, and other parts of the body. In the present study, we report a case of anorectal melanoma in a 56-year-old woman who was admitted to our hospital because of local recurrence 9 months after local resection. She subsequently underwent radical surgery. Metastasis to the left breast occurred within 4 months after radical surgery. Metastasis of anorectal melanoma to the breast is very rare. In the present case report and literature review, we analyzed the clinical manifestation, diagnosis, and treatment of anorectal melanoma metastatic to the breast.

Effects of the eukaryotic initiation factor 6 gene on expression levels of inflammatory mediators in M2 macrophages during scar repair.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of the eukaryotic initiation factor 6 (eIF6) gene on the secretion of M2 macrophage fibrosis­associated factors and the expression levels of key proteases during scar repair. Male eIF6 wild­type (eIF6+/+) and knockout (eIF6+/­) C57BL/6 mice were intraperitoneally lavaged to obtain macrophages, which were induced to the M2 type using interleukin­4. Differences between the gene expression profiles of these macrophages were compared with gene microarrays, and the results were validated using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis and ELISA. Compared with the eIF6+/­ mice, the mRNA and protein expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase­2 (TIMP­2) in the M2 macrophages of the eIF6+/+ mice were significantly downregulated (P<0.05), whereas the mRNA and protein expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase­2 (MMP­2) were significantly upregulated (P<0.05). Therefore, the results indicated that eIF6 alleviated cicatrization, possibly by inhibiting the generation of VEGF, in order to prevent overgrowth of blood vessels and granulation tissues, and to regulate the MMP-2/TIMP-2 ratio to balance the degradation and deposition of the extracellular matrix.