Monitoring soil moisture in winter wheat with crop water stress index based on canopy-air temperature time lag effect.

Crop water stress index (CWSI) has been widely used in soil moisture monitoring. However, the influence of the time lag effect between canopy temperature and air temperature on the accuracy of soil moisture monitoring with different CWSI models has not been further investigated. Therefore, based on the continuous record of canopy temperature and air temperature, this study explored the influence of canopy-air temperature hysteresis on the diagnosis of soil moisture with three CWSI models (CWSIT-theoretical, CWSIE-empirical, CWSIH-hybrid). The results show (1) the peak time of canopy temperature was ahead of that of air temperature, and the lag time varied under different soil moisture conditions. When the soil moisture was seriously deficient, the lag time decreased. However, from jointing-heading period to filling-ripening period, the lag time became longer. (2) The values of CWSIT, CWSIE, and CWSIH decreased when the time lag effect was considered. In jointing-heading period, heading-filling period, and filling-ripening period, CWSIT had the highest accuracy in soil moisture monitoring without the consideration of the time lag effect. When the time lag effect was considered, the monitoring accuracy of CWSIE and CWSIH was greatly improved and higher than that of CWSIT, while that of CWSIT was reduced. The findings provided a basis for further improving the accuracy of soil moisture monitoring with CWSI models.

Multimodal image fusion-assisted endoscopic evacuation of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage.

PURPOSE: Although traditional craniotomy (TC) surgery has failed to show benefits for the functional outcome of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). However, a minimally invasive hematoma removal plan to avoid white matter fiber damage may be a safer and more feasible surgical approach, which may improve the prognosis of ICH. We conducted a historical cohort study on the use of multimodal image fusion-assisted neuroendoscopic surgery (MINS) for the treatment of ICH, and compared its safety and effectiveness with traditional methods. METHODS: This is a historical cohort study involving 241 patients with cerebral hemorrhage. Divided into MINS group and TC group based on surgical methods. Multimodal images (CT skull, CT angiography, and white matter fiber of MRI diffusion-tensor imaging) were fused into 3 dimensional images for preoperative planning and intraoperative guidance of endoscopic hematoma removal in the MINS group. Clinical features, operative efficiency, perioperative complications, and prognoses between 2 groups were compared. Normally distributed data were analyzed using t-test of 2 independent samples, Non-normally distributed data were compared using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Meanwhile categorical data were analyzed via the Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test. All statistical tests were two-sided, and p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: A total of 42 patients with ICH were enrolled, who underwent TC surgery or MINS. Patients who underwent MINS had shorter operative time (p < 0.001), less blood loss (p < 0.001), better hematoma evacuation (p = 0.003), and a shorter stay in the intensive care unit (p = 0.002) than patients who underwent TC. Based on clinical characteristics and analysis of perioperative complications, there is no significant difference between the 2 surgical methods. Modified Rankin scale scores at 180 days were better in the MINS than in the TC group (p = 0.014). CONCLUSIONS: Compared with TC for the treatment of ICH, MINS is safer and more efficient in cleaning ICH, which improved the prognosis of the patients. In the future, a larger sample size clinical trial will be needed to evaluate its efficacy.

A Stretchable and Tough Graphene Film Enabled by Mechanical Bond.

The pursuit of fabricating high-performance graphene films has aroused considerable attention due to their potential for practical applications. However, developing both stretchable and tough graphene films remains a formidable challenge. To address this issue, we herein introduce mechanical bond to comprehensively improve the mechanical properties of graphene films, utilizing [2]rotaxane as the bridging unit. Under external force, the [2]rotaxane cross-link undergoes intramolecular motion, releasing hidden chain and increasing the interlayer slip distance between graphene nanosheets. Compared with graphene films without [2]rotaxane cross-linking, the presence of mechanical bond not only boosted the strength of graphene films (247.3 vs 74.8 MPa) but also markedly promoted the tensile strain (23.6 vs 10.2 %) and toughness (23.9 vs 4.0 MJ/m3). Notably, the achieved tensile strain sets a record high and the toughness surpasses most reported results, rendering the graphene films suitable for applications as flexible electrodes. Even when the films were stretched within a 20 % strain and repeatedly bent vertically, the light-emitting diodes maintained an on-state with little changes in brightness. Additionally, the film electrodes effectively actuated mechanical joints, enabling uninterrupted grasping movements. Therefore, the study holds promise for expanding the application of graphene films and simultaneously inspiring the development of other high-performance two-dimensional films.

LINC00467 enhanced the proliferative, migratory and invasive ability of breast cancer cells by targeting miR-18a/b-5p/MAPK4 axis.

Breast cancer (BC) is a common gynaecological malignancy worldwide. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) were identified to take part in the regulation of the occurrence and development of tumors. LncRNA The role of LINC00467 in lung adenocarcinoma has been reported, but its mechanism remains unclear in BC. To explore the role of LINC00467 deeply, we designed and performed a series of experiments. According to the result, it was discovered that LINC00467 was overexpressed in BC tissues and cells, and then the knockdown of LINC00467 resulted in a decline in cell growth and metastasis. Mechanistically, miR-18a/b-5p was screened out and validated to bind with LINC00467. Additionally, LINC00467 was negatively correlated with miR-18a/b-5p. Hereafter, there is evidence that miR-18a/b-5p targets MAPK4. Rescue assays suggested that MAPK4 amplification recovered the inhibitive effect of LINC00467 knockdown on cell growth and metastasis. In a word, LINC00467 enhanced BC cell growth and metastasis by targeting miR-18a/b-5p/MAPK4, which implies a potential revelation for exploring the therapeutic tactic of BC.

Analysis of the Value of Quantitative Features in Multimodal MRI Images to Construct a Radio-Omics Model for Breast Cancer Diagnosis.

Objective: To analyze the diagnostic value of quantitative features in multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images to construct a radio-omics model for breast cancer. Methods: Ninety-five patients with breast-related diseases from January 2020 to January 2021 were grouped into the benign group (n=57) and malignant group (n=38) according to the pathological findings. All cases were randomized as the training group (n=66) and validation group (n=29) in a 7:3 ratio based on the examination time. All subjects were examined by T1-weighted imaging (T1WI), T2-weighted imaging (T2WI), diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), dynamic contrast enhancement (DCE), and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) multimodality MRI. The MRI findings were analyzed against pathological findings. A diagnostic breast cancer radiomics model was constructed. The diagnostic efficacy of the model in the validation group was analyzed, and the diagnostic efficacy was analyzed via the ROC curve. Results: Fibroadenoma accounted for 49.12% of benign breast diseases, and invasive ductal carcinoma accounted for 73.68% of malignant breast diseases. The sensitivity of T1WI, T2WI, DWI, ADC, and DCE in diagnosing breast cancer was 61.14%, 66.67%, 73.30%, 78.95%, and 85.96%, using the four-fold table method. The area under the curves (AUCs) of T1WI, T2WI, DWI, ADC, and DCE for diagnosing breast cancer were 0.715, 0.769, 0.785, 0.835, and 0.792, respectively. The AUCs of plain scan, diffuse, enhanced, plain scan + diffuse, plain scan + enhanced, enhanced + diffuse, and plain scan + enhanced + diffuse for diagnosing breast cancer were 0.746, 0.798, 0.816, 0.839, 0.890, 0.906, and 0.927, respectively. Conclusion: The construction of a radio-omics model by quantitative features in multimodal MRI images was valuable in the diagnosis of breast cancer. The value of radio-omics models such as plain scan + enhanced + diffuse was higher than the other models in diagnosing breast cancer and could be widely applied in clinical practice.

A novel porphyrin MOF catalyst for efficient conversion of CO2 with propargyl amines.

The capture and conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) into valuable chemical products under mild conditions is an important and challenging approach for contemporary industry. Carboxylic acid ligands are widely used in the development of functionalized metal organic framework materials due to their excellent stability. Herein, a novel mixed-metal organic framework Cu-TCPP(Fe) was assembled from iron-(Fe)-porphyrin ligands, which can efficiently catalyze the reaction of propargylic amines and CO2 to synthesize 2-oxazolidinones.

Influence of Time-Lag Effects between Winter-Wheat Canopy Temperature and Atmospheric Temperature on the Accuracy of CWSI Inversion of Photosynthetic Parameters.

When calculating the CWSI, previous researchers usually used canopy temperature and atmospheric temperature at the same time. However, it takes some time for the canopy temperature (Tc) to respond to atmospheric temperature (Ta), suggesting the time-lag effects between Ta and Tc. In order to investigate time-lag effects between Ta and Tc on the accuracy of the CWSI inversion of photosynthetic parameters in winter wheat, we conducted an experiment. In this study, four moisture treatments were set up: T1 (95% of field water holding capacity), T2 (80% of field water holding capacity), T3 (65% of field water holding capacity), and T4 (50% of field water holding capacity). We quantified the time-lag parameter in winter wheat using time-lag peak-seeking, time-lag cross-correlation, time-lag mutual information, and gray time-lag correlation analysis. Based on the time-lag parameter, we modified the CWSI theoretical and empirical models and assessed the impact of time-lag effects on the accuracy of the CWSI inversion of photosynthesis parameters. Finally, we applied several machine learning algorithms to predict the daily variation in the CWSI after time-lag correction. The results show that: (1) The time-lag parameter calculated using time-lag peak-seeking, time-lag cross-correlation, time-lag mutual information, and gray time-lag correlation analysis are 44-70, 32-44, 42-58, and 76-97 min, respectively. (2) The CWSI empirical model corrected by the time-lag mutual information method has the highest correlation with photosynthetic parameters. (3) GA-SVM has the highest prediction accuracy for the CWSI empirical model corrected by the time-lag mutual information method. Considering time lag effects between Ta and Tc effectively enhanced the correlation between CWSI and photosynthetic parameters, which can provide theoretical support for thermal infrared remote sensing to diagnose crop water stress conditions.

Monitoring of Nitrogen Concentration in Soybean Leaves at Multiple Spatial Vertical Scales Based on Spectral Parameters.

Nitrogen is a fundamental component for building amino acids and proteins, playing a crucial role in the growth and development of plants. Leaf nitrogen concentration (LNC) serves as a key indicator for assessing plant growth and development. Monitoring LNC provides insights into the absorption and utilization of nitrogen from the soil, offering valuable information for rational nutrient management. This, in turn, contributes to optimizing nutrient supply, enhancing crop yields, and minimizing adverse environmental impacts. Efficient and non-destructive estimation of crop LNC is of paramount importance for on-field crop management. Spectral technology, with its advantages of repeatability and high-throughput observations, provides a feasible method for obtaining LNC data. This study explores the responsiveness of spectral parameters to soybean LNC at different vertical scales, aiming to refine nitrogen management in soybeans. This research collected hyperspectral reflectance data and LNC data from different leaf layers of soybeans. Three types of spectral parameters, nitrogen-sensitive empirical spectral indices, randomly combined dual-band spectral indices, and "three-edge" parameters, were calculated. Four optimal spectral index selection strategies were constructed based on the correlation coefficients between the spectral parameters and LNC for each leaf layer. These strategies included empirical spectral index combinations (Combination 1), randomly combined dual-band spectral index combinations (Combination 2), "three-edge" parameter combinations (Combination 3), and a mixed combination (Combination 4). Subsequently, these four combinations were used as input variables to build LNC estimation models for soybeans at different vertical scales using partial least squares regression (PLSR), random forest (RF), and a backpropagation neural network (BPNN). The results demonstrated that the correlation coefficients between the LNC and spectral parameters reached the highest values in the upper soybean leaves, with most parameters showing significant correlations with the LNC (p < 0.05). Notably, the reciprocal difference index (VI6) exhibited the highest correlation with the upper-layer LNC at 0.732, with a wavelength combination of 841 nm and 842 nm. In constructing the LNC estimation models for soybeans at different leaf layers, the accuracy of the models gradually improved with the increasing height of the soybean plants. The upper layer exhibited the best estimation performance, with a validation set coefficient of determination (R2) that was higher by 9.9% to 16.0% compared to other layers. RF demonstrated the highest accuracy in estimating the upper-layer LNC, with a validation set R2 higher by 6.2% to 8.8% compared to other models. The RMSE was lower by 2.1% to 7.0%, and the MRE was lower by 4.7% to 5.6% compared to other models. Among different input combinations, Combination 4 achieved the highest accuracy, with a validation set R2 higher by 2.3% to 13.7%. In conclusion, by employing Combination 4 as the input, the RF model achieved the optimal estimation results for the upper-layer LNC, with a validation set R2 of 0.856, RMSE of 0.551, and MRE of 10.405%. The findings of this study provide technical support for remote sensing monitoring of soybean LNCs at different spatial scales.

A novel simple laser guidance puncture system for intracerebral hematoma.

OBJECTIVE: Accurate localization and real-time guidance technologies for cerebral hematomas are essential for minimally invasive procedures, including minimally invasive hematoma puncture and drainage, as well as neuroendoscopic-assisted hematoma removal. This study aims to evaluate the precision and safety of a self-developed laser-guided device in localizing and guiding hematoma punctures in minimally invasive surgery for intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). METHODS: We present the components of the device and its operational procedures. Subsequently, surgeons with different titles conduct hematoma puncture experiments using the device on skull models, comparing it to freehand puncture methods and recording the offset distance from the puncture needle tip to the hematoma center. Additionally, we report the application of this device in 10 patients with ICH, assessing its accuracy and safety in comparison with a neuro-navigation system. RESULTS: In simulated puncture experiments, the accuracy of the laser-guided group surpasses that of the freehand puncture group, with a significant statistical difference observed between the two groups (P < 0.05). In the laser-guided group, there is no statistically significant difference in puncture accuracy among the surgeons (P > 0.05). In clinical experiments, no relevant surgical complications were observed. The offset distance for the laser-guided group was 0.61 ± 0.18 cm, while the neuro-navigation group was 0.48 ± 0.13 cm. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of offset distance (P > 0.05). However, there was a significant difference in surgical duration (P < 0.05), with the former being 35.0 ± 10.5 minutes and the latter being 63.8 ± 10.5 minutes. CONCLUSION: The current study describes satisfactory results from both simulated experiments and clinical applications, achieved through the use of a novel laser-guided hematoma puncture device. Furthermore, owing to its portability, affordability, and simplicity, it holds significant importance in advancing surgical interventions for ICH, especially in underdeveloped regions.

Reconfigurable spin current transmission and magnon-magnon coupling in hybrid ferrimagnetic insulators.

Coherent spin waves possess immense potential in wave-based information computation, storage, and transmission with high fidelity and ultra-low energy consumption. However, despite their seminal importance for magnonic devices, there is a paucity of both structural prototypes and theoretical frameworks that regulate the spin current transmission and magnon hybridization mediated by coherent spin waves. Here, we demonstrate reconfigurable coherent spin current transmission, as well as magnon-magnon coupling, in a hybrid ferrimagnetic heterostructure comprising epitaxial Gd3Fe5O12 and Y3Fe5O12 insulators. By adjusting the compensated moment in Gd3Fe5O12, magnon-magnon coupling was achieved and engineered with pronounced anticrossings between two Kittel modes, accompanied by divergent dissipative coupling approaching the magnetic compensation temperature of Gd3Fe5O12 (TM,GdIG), which were modeled by coherent spin pumping. Remarkably, we further identified, both experimentally and theoretically, a drastic variation in the coherent spin wave-mediated spin current across TM,GdIG, which manifested as a strong dependence on the relative alignment of magnetic moments. Our findings provide significant fundamental insight into the reconfiguration of coherent spin waves and offer a new route towards constructing artificial magnonic architectures.