Exosome-derived long non-coding RNA ADAMTS9-AS2 suppresses progression of oral submucous fibrosis via AKT signalling pathway.

Oral submucosal fibrosis (OSF) is one of the pre-cancerous lesions of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Its malignant rate is increasing, but the mechanism of malignancy is not clear. We previously have elucidated the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) expression profile during OSF progression at the genome-wide level. However, the role of lncRNA ADAMTS9-AS2 in OSF progression via extracellular communication remains unclear. lncRNA ADAMTS9-AS2 is down-regulated in OSCC tissues compared with OSF and normal mucous tissues. Low ADAMTS9-AS2 expression is associated with poor overall survival. ADAMTS9-AS2 is frequently methylated in OSCC tissues, but not in normal oral mucous and OSF tissues, suggesting tumour-specific methylation. Functional studies reveal that exosomal ADAMTS9-AS2 suppresses OSCC cell growth, migration and invasion in vitro. Mechanistically, exosomal ADAMTS9-AS2 inhibits AKT signalling pathway and regulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers. Through profiling miRNA expression profile regulated by exosomal ADAMTS9-AS2, significantly enriched pathways include metabolic pathway, PI3K-Akt signalling pathway and pathways in cancer, indicating that exosomal ADAMTS9-AS2 exerts its functions through interacting with miRNAs during OSF progression. Thus, our findings highlight the crucial role of ADAMTS9-AS2 in the cell microenvironment during OSF carcinogenesis, which is expected to become a marker for early diagnosis of OSCC.

Study on pulp metabolism of patients with pulpitis using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with Orbitrap mass spectrometry.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Pulpitis, a pulp disease caused by caries, trauma, and other factors, has a high clinical incidence. This study focused on identifying possible metabolic biomarkers of pulpitis cases and analyzing the related metabolic pathways for providing a theoretical foundation to diagnose and prevent pulpitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Pulp samples from 20 pulpitis cases together with 20 normal participants were analyzed with a serum metabolomics approach using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC)/Orbitrap mass spectrometry. Moreover, this work carried out multivariate statistical analysis for screening potential biomarkers of pulpitis. RESULTS: Through biomarker analysis and identification, such as partial least squares discrimination analysis, orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis model establishment, correlation analysis, and biomarker pathway analysis, 40 biomarkers associated with 20 metabolic pathways were identified, including 20 upregulated and 20 downregulated metabolites. Those major biomarkers included oxoglutaric acid, inosine, citric acid, and PA(14:1(9Z)/PGD1). Among them, oxoglutaric acid and inosine were most significantly downregulated and had the highest correlation with pulpitis. Among these metabolic pathways, GABAergic synapse and alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism were positively correlated with pulpitis. 4. CONCLUSIONS: These biomarkers as well as metabolic pathways may offer the theoretical foundation to understand pulpitis pathogenesis and develop preventive drugs.

[Case-control study on shoulder pain caused by hook palte for the treatment of acromioclavicular joint dislocation].

OBJECTIVE: To explore causes of shoulder pain and propose prevention measures in treating acromioclavicular joint dislocation. METHODS: From January 2005 to January 2013, 86 patients with acromioclavicular joint dislocation (Tossy III) were treated with hook plate fixation, and were divided into two groups. Bsaed on recovery of shoulder function mostly, the patients who suffered from rest pain, motion pain were named as shoulder pain group, while the patients without pain were named as painless group. In shoulder pain group, there were 21 cases including 15 males and and 6 females ranging the age from 22 to 62 years old with an average of (40.6±11.2) years old. There were 8 cases were on the left side and 13 cases were on the right side. In painless group, there were 65 cases including 36 males and and 29 females ranging the age from 19 to 65 years old with an average of (40.0±11.3) years old. There were 33 cases were on the left side and 32 cases were on the right side. The time from injury to operation ranged from 3 h to 8 d with an average of 34.6 h. Shoulder function of all patients were normal before injuried. Postoperative pain, activity of daily living (ADL), range of motion, deltoid muscle strength were compared. Anteflexion,rear protraction, abduction and upthrow of shoulder joint were also compared. Postoperative complications between two groups were observed and compared. RESULTS: All patients were followed up from 12 to 48 months with an average of 18.5 months. Constant-Murley score were used to evaluate clinical efficacy at the least following up, and 13 cases got an excellent results, 5 moderate, 2 good and 1 poor in shoulder pain group ; while 61 cases were obtained excellent results, 3 moderate and 1 good in painless group. There were significantly differences between two groups in Constant-Murley score and activity of shoulder joint (P<0.05). In shoulder pain group, 3 cases were disconnected, 1 case occurred stress fracture, 9 cases were subacromial impingement syndrome, 5 cases occurred subluxation, 1 case occurred plate breakage and 11 cases were acromioclavicular arthritis. CONCLUSION: Chosing individual clavicular hook plate, fulfilling anatomic reset, paying attention to the repair of articular capsule ligament, and reducing hook and bone antagonism between stress is the key point of preventing and decreasing postoperative shoulder pain.