RESUMO
BACKGROUND: The effect of neuroinflammatory cytokines on cognitive deficits in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) can be altered by selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). This study aimed to examine serum interleukin-8 (IL-8) levels, cognitive function, and their associations in MDD patients with SSRIs. METHODS: Thirty SSRI-treated MDD patients and 101 healthy controls were recruited for this study. We examined cognitive performance using the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) and serum IL-8 levels using the Human Inflammatory Cytokine Cytometric Bead Array in both cases and controls. RESULTS: The RBANS test scores were significantly lower in MDD patients with SSRIs than in healthy controls after controlling for covariates (all p < 0.001). Serum levels of IL-8 were higher in MDD patients with SSRIs than in healthy controls after adjusting for covariates (F = 3.82, p = 0.05). Serum IL-8 levels were positively correlated with sub-scores of delayed memory (r = 0.37, p = 0.04) and visuospatial/constructional (r = 0.43, p = 0.02) in MDD patients with SSRIs but not in in healthy controls (delayed memory score: r = -0.12, p = 0.24; visuospatial/constructional score: r = 0.02, p = 0.81). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggested that increased serum IL-8 level might not only be involved in the MDD psychopathology or the use of SSRIs but also correspond to improving MDD delayed memory and visuospatial/constructional function.
Assuntos
Disfunção Cognitiva , Transtorno Depressivo Maior , Humanos , Inibidores Seletivos de Recaptação de Serotonina/uso terapêutico , Interleucina-8 , Disfunção Cognitiva/tratamento farmacológico , Disfunção Cognitiva/etiologia , Cognição , CitocinasRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The oral cavity is considered a potential reservoir of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), and the imbalance of oral microbiota directly reflects the health of the host. We aimed to explore the relationship among oral microbiota, H. pylori infection, and vonoprazan-amoxicillin (VA) dual therapy for H. pylori eradication. METHODS: Helicobacter pylori-positive patients were randomized into low- or high-dose VA dual therapy (i.e., amoxicillin 1 g b.i.d. or t.i.d. and vonoprazan 20 mg b.i.d) for 7 or 10 days. H. pylori-negative patients served as normal controls. Saliva samples were collected from 41 H. pylori-positive patients and 13 H. pylori-negative patients. The oral microbiota was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, followed by bioinformatics analysis. RESULTS: Helicobacter pylori-positive patients had higher richness and diversity and better evenness of oral microbiota than normal controls. Beta diversity analysis estimated by Bray-Curtis or weighted UniFrac showed distinct clustering between H. pylori-positive patients and normal controls. The number of bacterial interactions was reduced in H. pylori-positive patients compared with that in negative patients. Forty-one patients evaluated before and after successful H. pylori eradication were divided into low (L-VA) and high dose (H-VA) amoxicillin dose groups. The alpha and beta diversity of the oral microbiota between L-VA and H-VA patients exhibited no differences at the three time points (before eradication, after eradication, and at confirmation of H. pylori infection cure). CONCLUSION: Helicobacter pylori infection could alter the diversity, composition, and bacterial interactions of the oral microbiota. Both L-VA and H-VA dual therapy showed minimal influence on the oral microbiota.
Assuntos
Infecções por Helicobacter , Helicobacter pylori , Microbiota , Amoxicilina/uso terapêutico , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Claritromicina/uso terapêutico , Quimioterapia Combinada , Infecções por Helicobacter/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Helicobacter/microbiologia , Helicobacter pylori/genética , Humanos , Inibidores da Bomba de Prótons/uso terapêutico , Pirróis , RNA Ribossômico 16S , SulfonamidasRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Vonoprazan-amoxicillin (VA) dual therapy has been shown to achieve acceptable cure rates for treatment of Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) in Japan. Its effectiveness in other regions is unknown. We aimed to explore the efficacy of VA dual therapy as first-line treatment for H. pyloriinfection in China. METHODS: This was a single center, prospective, randomized clinical pilot study conducted in China. Treatment naive H. pyloriinfected patients were randomized to receive either low- or high-dose amoxicillin-vonoprazan consisting of amoxicillin 1 g either b.i.d. or t.i.d plus VPZ 20 mg b.i.d for 7 or 10 days. 13 C-urea breath tests were used to access the cure rate at least 4 weeks after treatment. RESULTS: Three hundred and twenty-three patients were assessed, and 119 subjects were randomized. The eradication rates of b.i.d. amoxicillin for 7 and 10 days, t.i.d. amoxicillin for 7 and 10 days were 66.7% (16/24), 89.2% (33/37), 81.0% (17/21), and 81.1% (30/37) (p = .191) by intention-to-treat analysis, respectively, and 72.7% (16/22), 89.2% (33/37), 81.0% (17/21), and 81.1% (30/37) (p = .454) by per-protocol analysis, respectively. CONCLUSION: Neither 7- or 10-day VA dual therapy with b.i.d. or t.i.d. amoxicillin provides satisfied efficacy as the first-line treatment for H. pyloriinfection in China. Further optimization is needed.
Assuntos
Infecções por Helicobacter , Helicobacter pylori , Helicobacter , Amoxicilina/uso terapêutico , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Claritromicina/uso terapêutico , Quimioterapia Combinada , Infecções por Helicobacter/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Projetos Piloto , Estudos Prospectivos , Inibidores da Bomba de Prótons/uso terapêutico , Pirróis , Sulfonamidas , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Patients with schizophrenia have an increased prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus that has shown a significant association with the rs7754840 polymorphism in the gene encoding the cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) regulatory subunit-associated protein 1-like 1 (CDKAL1). OBJECTIVE: To examine whether this polymorphism was involved in the susceptibility in first-episode drug-naive schizophrenic patients (FDSP), and further influenced their clinical symptoms. METHODS: This polymorphism was genotyped in 239 FDSP and 368 healthy controls. The clinical symptoms in FDSP were assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) five-factor models. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the allelic and genotypic frequencies of this polymorphism between two groups (both p > 0.05) after adjusting for covariates. However, the PANSS depressive score significantly differed by genotype in FDSP after adjusting for covariates (F = 5.25, p = 0.006). This significant difference also persisted after Bonferroni correction (p < 0.05). FDSP with C/C genotype had significantly higher PANSS depressive score than those with C/G genotype (p = 0.007) and those with G/G genotype (p = 0.005). Moreover, further stepwise multivariate regression analysis showed the significant association between the rs7754840 polymorphism and PANSS depressive score in FDSP (ß = -1.07, t = -2.75, p = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings demonstrated that although the CDKAL1 rs7754840 polymorphism did not contribute to the susceptibility to FDSP, it might be implicated in depressive symptoms in this patient group.
Assuntos
Depressão , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Esquizofrenia , Depressão/complicações , Depressão/genética , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/genética , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Genótipo , Humanos , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único/genética , Esquizofrenia/complicações , Esquizofrenia/genética , tRNA Metiltransferases/genéticaRESUMO
Red and yellow pigments are the major ingredients of safflower, often used to color food and cosmetics. Carthamin was the main component of red pigment and hydroxysafflor yellow A and anhydrosafflower yellow B were representative components of yellow pigment. Plant metabolomics and semi-quantitative analysis were used to analyze the changes of pigment composition during the blooming period, especially these characteristic components. Carthamin, hydroxysafflor yellow A, anhydrosafflower yellow B, and other components were screened out as differential metabolites based on plant metabolomics. Then semi-quantitative analysis was used to quantify these three representative components of pigments. Experimental results showed that the content of pigments has dynamic changes along with flowering, in the early blooming period, yellow pigment accumulated much and red pigment was low in content. In the middle period, the accumulation rate of the yellow pigment slowed down and content was stabilized. In the next step, the content of yellow pigments gradually decreased, and the content of red pigments gradually increased. Later, the level of yellow pigment decreased significantly, and the accumulation rate of red pigment increased significantly. Last, the appearance color of safflower was red, with yellow parts barely visible, and accumulation of red pigment was the highest and of the yellow pigment was the lowest in content.
Assuntos
Pigmentos Biológicos/metabolismo , Carthamus tinctorius/química , Chalcona/análogos & derivados , Chalcona/metabolismo , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Flores/química , Glucosídeos/metabolismo , Metabolômica , PlantasRESUMO
AIM: High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein has been noticed particularly for its pivotal role in several pathologies. However, the relevance between HMGB1 and pathological progress in lung toxicity still remains unclear. In the study, we evaluated the effect of glycyrrhizic acid as an HMGB1 inhibitor on the early inflammation and late fibrosis in bleomycin-induced pulmonary toxicity in mice. METHODS: We established a bleomycin-induced pulmonary toxicity model to detect the relevance between HMGB1 and pathological changes in the early inflammatory and late fibrotic stages. RESULTS: We found that bleomycin-induced increase in inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-ß1, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1, and inflammatory lesions in lung tissue in the early stage of the model. However, markers of fibrosis such as transforming growth factor (TGF)-ß1 and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) were significantly elevated on day 7 after bleomycin instillation. Interestingly, HMGB1 also began to rise on day 7, rather than in the early inflammatory phase. However, early (from day 0 to 14 after bleomycin instillation) or late (from day 14 to 28) intervention with HMGB1 neutralizing antibody or glycyrrhizic acid alleviated inflammation and fibrosis through down-regulating the inflammatory signaling mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and fibrotic signaling Smad3 pathway. CONCLUSION: Our results suggested that HMGB1 mediates both inflammation and fibrosis in this model. The development of high-potency and low-toxicity HMGB1 inhibitors may be a class of potential drugs for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis.
Assuntos
Bleomicina/toxicidade , Ácido Glicirrízico/farmacologia , Proteína HMGB1/antagonistas & inibidores , Sistema de Sinalização das MAP Quinases/efeitos dos fármacos , Fibrose Pulmonar/prevenção & controle , Proteína Smad3/antagonistas & inibidores , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Anti-Inflamatórios/uso terapêutico , Feminino , Ácido Glicirrízico/uso terapêutico , Proteína HMGB1/biossíntese , Sistema de Sinalização das MAP Quinases/fisiologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Fibrose Pulmonar/induzido quimicamente , Fibrose Pulmonar/metabolismo , Proteína Smad3/biossínteseRESUMO
The present study evaluates different processing and drying methods and investigates their effects on the chemical components in Paeoniae Radix Alba via content determination. The fresh medicinal materials of Paeoniae Radix Alba collected from Bozhou of Anhui province were processed(boiled and peeled) and dried(hot air-dried, infrared-dried, and microwave-dried) at different temperatures(40, 50, 60 and 70 â), and the 11 components(monoterpene glycosides, polyphenols, tannin, and benzoic acid) in Paeoniae Radix Alba were determined by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole with electrospray tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-TQ-MS). Then the compounds in processed and dried samples were analyzed by partial least squares discriminant analysis(PLS-DA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA), and the contribution rates of differential components were evaluated by variable important in projection(VIP). The results indicated that the samples obtained by different processing and drying methods could be distinguished. Albiflorin, gallic acid, 1,2,3,4,6-pentakis-O-galloyl-ß-D-glucose, and benzoic acid were the common differential components in boiled Paeoniae Radix Alba. Benzoic acid was the common differential component in peeled Paeoniae Radix Alba. Gallic acid was the common differential component in Paeoniae Radix Alba dried by different methods. The samples could not be distinguished after drying at different temperatures due to the lack of common differential components. This study is expected to provide a reference for the selection of processing and drying methods and the optimization of processing parameters.
Assuntos
Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas , Paeonia , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Extratos Vegetais , Espectrometria de Massas em TandemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Patients with schizophrenia are at a higher risk for suicide compared with the general population. Dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DßH) plays a key role in the conversion of dopamine to norepinephrine, which is related to suicidal behavior and cognitive regulation. OBJECTIVE: To examine whether there is the effect of DßH 5'-insertion/deletion (Ins/Del) polymorphism on cognitive performance in suicide attempters with chronic schizophrenia. METHODS: This polymorphism was detected in 114 suicide attempters and 617 non-suicide attempters with chronic schizophrenia. Cognitive performance was assessed by the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS). RESULTS: The allelic and genotypic frequencies of this polymorphism between two groups did not differ after controlling for covariates (both, p > .05). There were no differences in RBANS scores between two groups after adjusting for covariates (all, p > .05). However, based on the genotype grouping in suicide attempters and non-attempters, the attention score significantly differed after adjusting for covariates (both, p < .05). Further analysis indicated that this polymorphism was associated with attention score in suicide attempters (p < .05), but not in non-suicide attempters (p > .05). CONCLUSIONS: DßH 5'-Ins/Del polymorphism was not a risk locus of suicide attempters, but it was implicated in attention regulation in suicide attempters with chronic schizophrenia.
Assuntos
Cognição/fisiologia , Dopamina beta-Hidroxilase/genética , Esquizofrenia/genética , Tentativa de Suicídio/psicologia , Adulto , Alelos , Doença Crônica , Feminino , Genótipo , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Testes Neuropsicológicos , Polimorfismo Genético , Risco , Esquizofrenia/enzimologia , Esquizofrenia/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
Safflower has both medicinal and edible values but research on its nutrient composition is still lacking. This study was established for the quantitative determination of 28 nucleosides, nucleobases, and amino acids based on the ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple-quadrupole linear ion-trap tandem mass spectrometry. Analysis of 30 batches of safflower from different producing areas indicated that the contents of l-proline, l-asparagine, l(+)-arginine, l-serine, l-histidine, uracil, guanosine, and uridine was high in safflower. Principle component analysis and cluster analysis found that samples from different regions could be distinguished well, and samples from the same area could be clustered into one class, different geographical environments may cause the differences of nucleosides, nucleobases, and amino acids in safflower. The analysis of principal component analysis, cluster analysis, and counter propagation artificial neural network show similar results. Then the content of nucleosides, nucleobases, and essential amino acids were compared, and found that the content in safflower from Gansu was higher than those from other regions, and there was a little difference between the samples from Xinjiang, Sichuan, and Yunnan. This research revealed the composition of nucleosides, nucleobases, and amino acids in safflower, and provided a theoretical basis for utilization of safflower.
Assuntos
Aminoácidos/análise , Carthamus tinctorius/química , Nucleosídeos/análise , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Análise por Conglomerados , Análise de Componente Principal , Espectrometria de Massas em TandemRESUMO
Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is a common congenital malformation characterized by mismatch in shape between the femoral head and acetabulum, and leads to hip dysplasia. To date, the pathogenesis of DDH is poorly understood and may involve multiple factors, including genetic predisposition. However, comprehensive genetic analysis has not been applied to investigate a genetic component of DDH. In the present study, 10 pairs of healthy fathers and DDH daughters were enrolled to identify genetic hallmarks of DDH using high throughput whole genome sequencing. The DDH-specific DNA mutations were found in each patient. Overall 1344 genes contained DDH-specific mutations. Functional enrichment analysis showed that these genes played important roles in the cytoskeleton, microtubule cytoskeleton, sarcoplasm and microtubule associated complex. These functions affected osteoblast and osteoclast development. Therefore, we proposed that the DDH-specific mutations might affect bone development, and caused DDH. Our pairwise high throughput sequencing results comprehensively delineated genetic hallmarks of DDH. Further research into the biological impact of these mutations may inform the development of DDH diagnostic tools and allow neonatal gene screening.
Assuntos
Luxação Congênita de Quadril/genética , Mutação , Adulto , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Luxação Congênita de Quadril/patologia , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Osteogênese/genética , Linhagem , Sequenciamento Completo do GenomaRESUMO
In this study, a rapid and highly sensitive ultra high performance liquid chromatography with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry method with the mobile phase of acetonitrile and 0.1% aqueous formic acid was established and successfully applied to comparatively analyze main active components after their compatibility. Besides, the effects of Scutellariae Radix, Coptidis Rhizoma and combined extracts on type 2 diabetic rats induced by high-fat diet along with low dose of streptozocin were investigated. Under the optimized chromatographic conditions, good separation of seven target components was achieved within 12 min. All calibration curves exhibited good linearity (R2 ≥ 0.999). The relative standard deviation of precision, repeatability and stability varied from 0.69 to 2.23, 0.98 to 2.56, and 0.92 to 2.57%, respectively. The recovery ranged from 91.11 to 105.35%. The contents of seven active components were notably reduced after compatibility; however, the hypoglycemic effect of combined extracts was stronger than single drug by decreasing the activities of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, glucose 6-phosphatase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and increasing the activities of glucokinase, phosphofructokinase, pyruvate kinase. Accordingly, the established analytical method was accurate and sensitive enough for quantitative evaluation of seven investigated compounds. Moreover, the combined extract had definite effects on type 2 diabetes through multiple components against multiple targets.
Assuntos
Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/química , Hipoglicemiantes/química , Scutellaria baicalensis/química , Animais , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Coptis chinensis , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamento farmacológico , Interações Medicamentosas , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/administração & dosagem , Humanos , Hipoglicemiantes/administração & dosagem , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Espectrometria de Massas em TandemRESUMO
A rapid and sensitive ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry method was established and employed to determine 21 nucleosides, nucleobases, and amino acids in 60 samples from different parts of Angelicae Sinensis Radix. The established methods were validated by good linearity (r2 > 0.9937), limits of detection (0.12-77.75 ng/mL), limits of quantitation (0.31-272.13 ng/mL), intra- and interday precisions (RSD ≤ 4.84%, RSD ≤ 6.26%), stability (RSD ≤ 5.92%), repeatability (RSD ≤ 7.14%), recovery (91.4-103.4%), and matrix effects (0.92-1.03). Chemical comparative analysis revealed that the content of total analytes in four parts of Angelicae Sinensis Radix were different, and exhibited the order: Head (14.89 mg/g) > Body (10.15 mg/g) > All (8.22 mg/g) > Tail (6.23 mg/g). Principal component analysis showed that the samples could be classified into four groups in accord with four different parts of Angelicae Sinensis Radix. The results could provide a scientific basis and reference for the quality control of Angelicae Sinensis Radix, and may be conducive to further research on the pharmacological activities of Angelicae Sinensis Radix.
Assuntos
Aminoácidos/análise , Angelica sinensis/química , Nucleosídeos/análise , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Conformação Molecular , Análise de Componente Principal , Controle de Qualidade , Espectrometria de Massas em TandemRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate whether the measurement of brain tissue stiffness using acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) elastography with virtual touch tissue quantification can improve the early detection of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage in rats. METHODS: Seven-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to 3 groups: the mild asphyxia (n = 30), moderate asphyxia (n = 30), and sham control (n = 10) groups. Rats in the mild and moderate asphyxia groups were exposed to 8% oxygen (hypoxia) for 30 and 60 minutes, respectively, at 1 hour after ligation of the right common carotid artery. An ultrasound diagnostic instrument was used to obtain 2-dimensional ultrasound images, and ARFI with virtual touch tissue quantification was used to measure shear wave velocity preoperatively and at 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours postoperatively. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to evaluate brain damage. RESULTS: Two-dimensional ultrasound imaging detected swelling and increased echogenicity at 48 to 72 hours in the mild asphyxia group and at 24 to 72 hours in the moderate asphyxia group. The shear wave velocity substantially increased from 0.65 ± 0.04 m/s preoperatively to 0.78 ± 0.07 m/s at 72 hours in the moderate asphyxia group and from 0.64 ± 0.04 m/s preoperatively to 0.70 ± 0.03 m/s at 72 hours in the mild asphyxia group. The changes in the shear wave velocity coincided with the histopathologic changes in the brain, which included neuronal demyelination, hyperplasia, and necrosis; edema around vascular structures; and hemorrhage in the ependymal and periventricular areas. CONCLUSION: Shear wave velocity data obtained with the virtual touch tissue quantification technique may be used for early diagnosis of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage.
Assuntos
Técnicas de Imagem por Elasticidade , Hipóxia-Isquemia Encefálica , Animais , Ratos , Animais Recém-Nascidos , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Técnicas de Imagem por Elasticidade/métodos , Hipóxia-Isquemia Encefálica/diagnóstico por imagem , Distribuição Aleatória , Ratos Sprague-DawleyRESUMO
Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. is one of the original plants for traditional Chinese medicines Trichosanthis Fructus, Trichosanthis Semen, Trichosanthis Pericarpium and Trichosanthis Radix. Amino acids, nucleosides and carbohydrates are usually considered to have nutritional value and health-care efficacy. In this study, methods involving high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with evaporative light scattering detector (HPLC-ELSD), UV-visible spectrophotometry and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) were established for quantifying carbohydrates (fructose, glucose, stachyose, raffinose and polysaccharide), fourteen nucleosides and twenty one amino acids. Moreover, sixty-three samples from nine different parts, including pericarp, seed, fruit pulp, stem, leaf, main root, main root bark, lateral root and lateral root bark of T. kirilowii from different cultivated varieties were examined. The established methods were validated with good linearity, precision, repeatability, stability, and recovery. The results showed that the average content of total amino acids in roots (15.39 mg/g) and root barks (16.38 mg/g) were relatively higher than for others. Contents of nucleosides in all parts of T. kirilowii were below 1.5 mg/g. For carbohydrates, fruit pulp has a higher content than others for glucose (22.91%), fructose (20.63%) and polysaccharides (27.29%). By using partial least-squared discriminate analysis (PLS-DA), Variable importance in the projection (VIP) plots and analysis of variance (ANOVA) analysis, the characteristic components of the different organs (fruit, stems and leaves, roots) were found. This analysis suggested there were potential medicinal and nutritive health care values in various parts of the T. kirilowii, which provided valuable information for the development and utilization of T. kirilowii.
Assuntos
Aminoácidos/química , Carboidratos/química , Nucleosídeos/química , Trichosanthes/química , Aminoácidos/isolamento & purificação , Carboidratos/isolamento & purificação , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Difusão Dinâmica da Luz , Frutas/química , Humanos , Medicina Tradicional Chinesa , Nucleosídeos/isolamento & purificação , Extratos Vegetais/química , Folhas de Planta/química , Raízes de Plantas/química , Sementes/química , Espectrometria de Massas em TandemRESUMO
In the present study, a new strategy including the combination of external appearance, chemical detection, and biological analysis was proposed for the comprehensive evaluation of safflowers in different producing areas. Firstly, 40 batches of safflower samples were classified into class I and II based on color measurements and K-means clustering analysis. Secondly, a rapid and sensitive analytical method was developed for simultaneous quantification of 16 chromaticity-related characteristic components (including characteristic components hydroxysafflor yellow A, anhydrosafflor yellow B, safflomin C, and another 13 flavonoid glycosides) in safflowers by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple-quadrupole linear ion-trap tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTRAP®/MS2). The results of the quantification indicate that hydroxysafflor yellow A, anhydrosafflor yellow B, kaempferol, quercetin, and safflomin C had significant differences between the two types of safflower, and class I of safflower had a higher content of hydroxysafflor yellow A, anhydrosafflor yellow B, and safflomin C as the main anti-thrombotic components in safflower. Thirdly, chemometrics methods were employed to illustrate the relationship in multivariate data of color measurements and chromaticity-related characteristic components. As a result, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside and 6-hydroxykaempferol-3-O-ß-d-glucoside were strongly associated with the color indicators. Finally, anti-thrombotic analysis was used to evaluate activity and verify the suitability of the classification basis of safflower based on the color measurements. It was shown that brighter, redder, yellower, more orange-yellow, and more vivid safflowers divided into class I had a higher content of characteristic components and better anti-thrombotic activity. In summary, the presented strategy has potential for quality evaluation of other flower medicinal materials.
Assuntos
Carthamus tinctorius/química , Fenômenos Químicos , Compostos Fitoquímicos/química , Compostos Fitoquímicos/farmacologia , Animais , Carthamus tinctorius/classificação , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Fibrinolíticos/química , Fibrinolíticos/farmacologia , Geografia , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem , Peixe-ZebraRESUMO
To investigate the effects of essential oil from three kinds of pungent herbs,namely Menthae Haplocalycis Herba,Atractylodis Rhizoma and Cnidii Fructus,on the transdermal absorption in vitro of alkaloids from Sophorae Flavescentis Radix. The modified vertical Franz diffusion cell was used to conduct a transdermal experiment in vitro with the isolated abdominal skin of the SD rats as the transdermal absorption barrier. The effects of such three kinds of pungent essential oil on percutaneous absorption of alkaloids from Sophorae Flavescentis Radix were investigated by determining the content of 6 alkaloids( oxymatrine,oxysophocarpine,N-methylcytisine,sophoridine,matrine,and sophocarpidine) in the transdermal acceptor with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-triple quadruple mass spectrometry( UPLC-TQ-MS) technique simultaneously. With enhancement ratio( ER) as the index,their effects on promoting penetration was as follows: 1% Atractylodis Rhizoma oil > 1% Cnidii Fructus oil > 3% Azone ≈ 3% Atractylodis Rhizoma oil > 5%Atractylodis Rhizoma oil > 3% Cnidii Fructus oil ≈ 5% Cnidii Fructus oil > 3% Menthae Haplocalycis Herba oil > 5% Menthae Haplocalycis Herba oil > 1% Menthae Haplocalycis Herba oil > Blank. The results showed that these three kinds of pungent essential oil could be used as enhancers for alkaloids of Sophorae Flavescentis Radix,providing scientific guidance for improving percutaneous absorption of alkaloids from Sophorae Flavescentis Radix.
Assuntos
Alcaloides/metabolismo , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/metabolismo , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia , Absorção Cutânea , Sophora/química , Animais , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Raízes de Plantas/química , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-DawleyRESUMO
This study aims to compare the differences of Paeonia lactiflora from different habitats by establishing fingerprint. The fingerprint of P. lactiflora was established by UPLC. The samples collected from Sichuan,Hebei,Henan,Shanxi and Anhui were analyzed. The common peaks were identified by UPLC-Q-TOF/MS. The relative peak area of the common peaks was analyzed through similarity evaluation system( 2012 edition) for chromatographic fingerprint of traditional Chinese medicine developed by the National Pharmacopoeia Commission. Twelve common peaks were obtained and ten components were identified by reference substance and literature comparison. The similarity of each sample to the reference fingerprint is greater than 0. 900. However,all samples were clearly divided into 5 groups according to habitats after PLS-DA analysis. The peaks 2,6( ethyl gallate),10( galloypaeoniflorin) and 12( benzoyl paeoniflorin) were found to be the main difference components between the samples from five different habitats through the VIP value map. The study found that the variety of ingredients in the different areas are basically similar. But there are some differences in the content of the four components. The results of this study can provide reference at choosing and utilizing P. lactiflora from different places comprehensively.
Assuntos
Ecossistema , Paeonia/química , Compostos Fitoquímicos/análise , China , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas , Raízes de Plantas/químicaRESUMO
Aim Scutellariae Radix (SR) and Coptidis Rhizoma (CR) have often been combined to cure type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the clinical practice for over thousands of years, but their compatibility mechanism is not clear. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway has been suggested to play a critical role during the process of inflammation, insulin resistance, and T2DM. This study was designed to investigate their compatibility effects on T2DM rats and explore the underlying mechanisms by analyzing the metabolic profiling and MAPK/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Methods The compatibility effects of SR and CR were evaluated with T2DM rats induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) along with a low dose of streptozocin (STZ). Ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS) was performed to discover potential biomarkers. The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines; biochemical indexes in serum, and the activities of key enzymes related to glycometabolism in liver were assessed by ELISA kits. qPCR was applied to examine mRNA levels of key targets in MAPK and insulin signaling pathways. Protein expressions of p65; p-p65; phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PI3K); phosphorylated-PI3K (p-PI3K); protein kinase B (Akt); phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt) and glucose transporter 2 (Glut2) in liver were investigated by Western blot analysis. Results Remarkably, hyperglycaemia, dyslipidemia, inflammation, and insulin resistance in T2DM were ameliorated after oral administration of SR and CR, particularly their combined extracts. The effects of SR, CR, low dose of combined extracts (LSC) and high dose of combined extracts (HSC) on pro-inflammatory cytokine transcription in T2DM rats showed that the MAPK pathway might account for the phenomenon with down-regulation of MAPK (P38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (P38), extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK), and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)) mRNA, and protein reduction in p-P65. While mRNA levels of key targets such as insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1), PI3K, Akt2, and Glut2 in the insulin signaling pathway were notably up-modulated, phosphorylations of PI3K, Akt, and expression of Glut2 were markedly enhanced. Moreover, the increased activities of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase), glucose 6-phosphatase (G6Pase), and glycogen phosphorylase (GP) were highly reduced and the decreased activities of glucokinase (GK), phosphofructokinase (PFK), pyruvate kinase (PK), and glycogen synthase (GS) in liver were notably increased after treatment. Further investigation indicated that the metabolic profiles of plasma and urine were clearly improved in T2DM rats. Fourteen potential biomarkers (nine in plasma and five in urine) were identified. After intervention, these biomarkers returned to normal level to some extent. Conclusion The results showed that SR, CR, and combined extract groups were normalized. The effects of combined extracts were more remarkable than single herb treatment. Additionally, this study also showed that the metabonomics method is a promising tool to unravel how traditional Chinese medicines work.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamento farmacológico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/metabolismo , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/uso terapêutico , Glucose/metabolismo , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos , Metabolômica , Scutellaria baicalensis/química , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Glicemia/metabolismo , Coptis chinensis , Citocinas/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/sangue , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/patologia , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/farmacologia , Dislipidemias/sangue , Dislipidemias/tratamento farmacológico , Hiperglicemia/sangue , Hiperglicemia/tratamento farmacológico , Inflamação/patologia , Insulina/metabolismo , Resistência à Insulina , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/metabolismo , Masculino , Redes e Vias Metabólicas/efeitos dos fármacos , Metformina/farmacologia , Metformina/uso terapêutico , Proteínas Quinases Ativadas por Mitógeno/metabolismo , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinases/metabolismo , Análise de Componente Principal , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt/metabolismo , Ratos Sprague-DawleyRESUMO
SDS-PAGE and LC-MS/MS were used to identify proteins in Saigae Tataricae Cornu (SAH) and Caprae Hircus Cornu (GH). Trypsin digestion peptides from SAH and GH were obtained by in-gel digestion, after which nano LC-LTQ/Orbitrap MS was used to identify the proteins in SAH and GH. As a result, in total 101 proteins and 140 proteins were identified form SAH and GH, respectively. There were 43 keratins (KRTs) and keratin-associated proteins (KAPs) identified, which account for 42.6% of the 101 proteins in SAH. The proportion of KRTs and KAPs in GH was 37.1%. The comparison between SAH and GH showed that the main common components in SAH and GH were structural molecule activity proteins, such as KRTs and KAPs. In the present study, we provide determination method and experimental data for investigating the material basis of SAH and GH, guiding the investigation on effective material basis and quality standard of animal horn derived TCMs.
Assuntos
Cornos/química , Queratinas/análise , Animais , Cromatografia Líquida , Cervos , Cabras , Espectrometria de Massas em TandemRESUMO
Two new unusual dimeric selaginellins, diselaginellins A and B (1 and 2), along with two known derivatives, selaginellin (3) and selaginellin B (4), were isolated from Selaginella pulvinata. Their structures were elucidated by extensive NMR and high-resolution ESIMS data analysis. Compound 2 displayed apoptosis-inducing and antimetastatic activities against the human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line SMMC-7721. A microarray analysis revealed that genes related to metabolism, angiogenesis, and metastasis were altered by 2. The up- and down-regulation of the mRNA levels of related genes was confirmed by RT-qPCR. Metabolism modulation and metastasis inhibition might be the mechanisms of the antitumor properties of diselaginellin B (2).