Reversal mechanism of an individual Ni nanotube simultaneously studied by torque and SQUID magnetometry.

Using an optimally coupled nanometer-scale SQUID, we measure the magnetic flux originating from an individual ferromagnetic Ni nanotube attached to a Si cantilever. At the same time, we detect the nanotube's volume magnetization using torque magnetometry. We observe both the predicted reversible and irreversible reversal processes. A detailed comparison with micromagnetic simulations suggests that vortexlike states are formed in different segments of the individual nanotube. Such stray-field free states are interesting for memory applications and noninvasive sensing.

Single-charge transistor based on the charge-phase duality of a superconducting nanowire circuit.

We propose a transistorlike circuit including two serially connected segments of a narrow superconducting nanowire joint by a wider segment with a capacitively coupled gate in between. This circuit is made of amorphous NbSi film and embedded in a network of on-chip Cr microresistors ensuring a sufficiently high external electromagnetic impedance. Assuming a virtual regime of quantum phase slips (QPS) in two narrow segments of the wire, leading to quantum interference of voltages on these segments, this circuit is dual to the dc SQUID. Our samples demonstrated appreciable Coulomb blockade voltage (analog of critical current of the SQUIDs) and periodic modulation of this blockade by an electrostatic gate (analog of flux modulation in the SQUIDs). The model of this QPS transistor is discussed.

[The role of an objective assessment of the heart right vientricle function for the anesthesiological maintenance and intensive therapy of surgical patients].

Latent dysfunction of the heart right ventricle and hypovolemia were assessed in 50 patients divided into 4 groups, operated on the heart, abdominal aorta and lungs. It was found that after revascularization of the myocardium the diastolic disorders prevailed. In patients operated for the heart valve (mitral and aortal) diseases prevailing were the systolic and pump dysfunction of the right ventricle. Insufficiency of the right ventricle in these groups was 13% and 22% respectively. After operations on the abdominal aorta a combination of the systolic and diastolic impairments of the right ventricle were observed. After extended resections of the lungs there was a characteristic combination of systolic, diastolic and pump dysfunctions. When the operation was followed by a decreased minute volume of circulation, its cause was hypovolemia in 29% of cases in the examined surgical patients. The investigation of the right ventricle functions with the help of pulmonary arterial volumetry can reveal their latent dysfunctions as well as hypovolemia in a considerable part of surgical patients.

[Analysis of the hemodynamics in patients with artificial mitral valve insufficiency]. / Analiz gemodinamiki u bol'nykh s artifitsial'noi nedostatochnost'iu mitral'nogo klapana.

Hemodynamic disorders which developed in 12 patients with artificial mitral incompetence were studied. A method developed in the clinic of analysing the findings of catheterization and cine-angiocardiography was used. The method of analysis of single-plane ventriculograms makes it possible to estimate the volume of blood regurgitated into the left atrium to an accuracy of several millilitres. The degree of artificial incompetence is determined from the relative regurgitation which is estimated by dividing the volume of returned blood flow by the total volume of ventricular ejection. It is concluded that the "malignancy" of the course of artificial incompetence is determined by a sharp reduction of the effective cardiac output (to 33--50% of the normal volume) against the background of rapid rapid exhaustion of the left ventricular myocardum.

[Restorative treatment in fractures of the surgical neck of the humerus]. / Vosstanovitel'noe lechenie perelomov khirurgicheskoi sheiki plecha.

The treatment of 234 patients with fractures of the surgical neck of the humerus was analyzed. The conservative treatment was used in 181 of them, 53 patients were treated surgically. Satisfactory and good results were equally observed after both conservative and surgical treatment (92,5% and 96,9% respectively). However, bad results were obtained following the conservative treatment more often (in 9 of 181 patients). The surgical treatment gave bad results in 1 of 53 patients.

[Remote results of the surgical treatment of aortic coarctation by the indirect isthmoplasty method]. / Otdalennye rezul'taty khirurgicheskogo lecheniia koarktatsii aorty metodom nepriamoi istmoplastiki.

Indirect isthmoplasty of the narrow portion of the aorta was performed in 79 patients. Immediate and nearest results have shown the effectiveness of the method in most patients. Remote results were studied in 55 patients, in 47 of them (85%) within the period of from 11 to 23 years after the operation. Unsatisfactory results were found in 28 patients (53%). In 18 patients (34%) the failure was caused by formation of an aneurysm in the site of plasty of the aorta with a synthetic flap. The frequency of the complication was found to depend on the term after surgery. In most cases (14) the aneurysms were formed because of disintegration of the suture material.

[Comparative assesment of methods for the operative treatment of dislocations of the acromial end of the clavicle]. / Sravnitel'naia otsenka sposobov operativnogo lecheniia vyvikhov akromial'nogo kontsa kliuchitsy

During 20 years the authors observed 861 patients with dislocations of the clavicular acromial process, that made 14% in relation to all other types of dislocations. 252 patients (29.3%) were treated surgically. Capron tapes being used most frequently as an alloplastic material. Surgery was performed after the technic elaborated at the clinic. Late results of the treatment were studied in 202 patients within the terms from 1 to 15 years. Good issues were noted in 76.2%, satisfactory in 37%, poor in 5.5% of patients.

[Infusion-transfusion therapy in chest wounds at medical evacuation stages]. / Infuzionno-transfuzionnaia terapiia pri raneniiakh grudi na étapakh meditsinskoi évakuatsii.

On the basis of the analysis of medical publications and practical experience in surgical care to the wounded the article discusses the tactics of infusion and transfusion therapy that should be used at the stages of medical evacuation. The authors emphasize the importance of the infusion therapy nearness to the place of accident, the necessity to provide medical personnel with adequate facilities for this task, careful attitude for autologous blood of wounded, blood reinfusion during pleural puncture or thoracotomy [correction of teracotomia]. The schemes of infusion and transfusion therapy for each stage of medical evacuation are enclosed.

[Surgical procedure in complicated mitral stenosis]. / Khirurgicheskaia taktika pri oslozhnennom mitral'nom stenoze.

The experience with the surgical treatment of complicated forms of mitral stenosis in 110 patients with the III and IV classes of the disease according to the classification of the New York Heart Association was analyzed. Closed mitral commissurotomy was performed in 36 patients, opened commissurotomy--in 33 patients, prosthetics of the mitral valve was made in 41 patients. Closed mitral commissurotomy is believed to be the simplest method of correction of the duct in mild calcinosis and deformity of the mitral valve, and fixed thrombosis of the left auricle. Opened mitral commissurotomy was justified in case of thrombosis of the left auricle and mild calcinosis and deformity of the valve. Substitution of the valve is indicated in cases of massive calcinosis and rough deformity of the valve and subvalvular structures when valve-preserving operations are impossible.

[Reaction of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems to physical exertion in secondary interatrial septal defects before and after surgical treatment]. / Reaktsiia serdechno-sosudistoi i dykhatel'noi sistem na fizicheskuiu nagruzku pri vtorichnykh defektakh mezhpredserdnoi peregorodki do i posle khirurgicheskogo lecheniia.

Under similar conditions observations were performed in 157 humans: 9 patients with secondary defects of the interatrial septum (DIS-II), 122 patients within 1-15 years after surgery for the defect in question and 26 healthy humans. In addition to the known disturbances in hemodynamics of the small circulation circle accompanying DIS-II there were also disorders in the large blood circulation circle and respiration. The disorders were most pronounced under physical exercise. After operation the hemodynamics was found to be almost normal. The pattern of response to physical exercise in most operated patients was in full conformity with that of healthy people.

[Ion-balanced cardioplegic solutions in cardiac surgery]. / Ionosbalansovannye kardioplegicheskie rastvory v khirurgii serdtsa.

A comparative analysis of effectiveness of anti-ischemic defense of the myocardium performed in operations on the heart in 128 patients has shown that use of ion-balanced solutions is preferential since it allows reducing intrahospital lethality related with acute cardiac insufficiency from 13.3% to 6.3%.