High final energy of gallium arsenide laser increases MyoD gene expression during the intermediate phase of muscle regeneration after cryoinjury in rats.

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of gallium arsenide (GaAs) laser on IGF-I, MyoD, MAFbx, and TNF-α gene expression during the intermediate phase of muscle regeneration after cryoinjury 21 Wistar rats were divided into three groups (n = 7 per group): untreated with no injury (control group), cryoinjury without GaAs (injured group), and cryoinjury with GaAs (GaAs-injured group). The cryoinjury was induced in the central region of the tibialis anterior muscle (TA). The region injured was irradiated once a day during 14 days using GaAs laser (904 nm; spot size 0.035 cm2, output power 50 mW; energy density 69 J cm-2; exposure time 4 s per point; final energy 4.8 J). Twenty-four hours after the last application, the right and left TA muscles were collected for histological (collagen content) and molecular (gene expression of IGF-I, MyoD, MAFbx, and TNF-α) analyses, respectively. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA at P < 0.05. There were no significant (P > 0.05) differences in collagen density and IGF-I gene expression in all experimental groups. There were similar (P < 0.05) decreases in MAFbx and TNF-α gene expression in the injured and GaAs-injured groups, compared to control group. The MyoD gene expression increased (P = 0.008) in the GaAs-injured group, but not in the injured group (P = 0.338), compared to control group. GaAs laser therapy had a positive effect on MyoD gene expression, but not IGF-I, MAFbx, and TNF-α, during intermediary phases (14 days post-injury) of muscle repair.

High Final Energy of Low-Level Gallium Arsenide Laser Therapy Enhances Skeletal Muscle Recovery without a Positive Effect on Collagen Remodeling.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) laser, using a high final energy of 4.8 J, during muscle regeneration after cryoinjury. Thirty Wistar rats were divided into three groups: Control (C, n = 10); Injured (I, n = 10) and Injured and laser treated (Injured/LLLT, n = 10). The cryoinjury was induced in the central region of the tibialis anterior muscle (TA). The applications of the laser (904 nm, 50 mW average power) were initiated 24 h after injury, at energy density of 69 J cm(-1) for 48 s, for 5 days, to two points of the lesion. Twenty-four hours after the final application, the TA muscle was removed and frozen in liquid nitrogen to assess the general muscle morphology and the gene expression of TNF-α, TGF-ß, MyoD, and Myogenin. The Injured/LLLT group presented a higher number of regenerating fibers and fewer degenerating fibers (P < 0.05) without changes in the collagen remodeling. In addition, the Injured/LLLT group presented a significant decrease in the expression of TNF-α and myogenin compared to the injured group (P < 0.05). The results suggest that the GaAs laser, using a high final energy after cryoinjury, promotes muscle recovery without changing the collagen remodeling in the muscle extracellular matrix.

Perfil de atividade física e doenças cardiovasculares em moradores de bairros periféricos de Presidente Prudente (SP) / Profile of physical activity and cardiovascular diseases in residents of peripheral neighborhoods in Presidente Prudente (SP)

Fundamentos: A inatividade física é um dos principais fatores de risco para surgimento de doenças cardiovasculares (DCV). Os benefícios da atividade física regular são alcançados quando executado respeitando normas adequadas de prescrição. Objetivo: Verificar o perfil de moradores de bairros periféricos da cidade de Presidente Prudente estado de São Paulo, enfatizando quesitos relacionados à prática de atividade física e presença de DCV. Materiais e Métodos: Participaram deste estudo 449 indivíduos que procuraram serviços multiprofissionais de atendimento à comunidade em mutirões de saúde. Os dados foram coletados por meio de um questionário elaborado pela própria equipe de profissionais que organizaram os mutirões de saúde que abordava: presença de DCV no entrevistado e em familiares e questões a respeito da realização de atividade física regular. Resultados: 43% dos entrevistados praticaram atividade física, sendo a modalidade física mais relatada a caminhada. Dos entrevistados 67% possuem histórico familiar de antecedentes cardiovasculares e 48% possuem alguma DCV instalada, sendo a mais prevalente a Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica (HAS). Conclusão: Muitos indivíduos que relataram ser fisicamente ativos realizam atividade física de maneira inadequada e sem acompanhamento de profissionais especializados. A realização de atividade física de forma inadequada pode repercutir em riscos cardiovasculares principalmente no que se refere a indivíduos hipertensos.

Background: Physical inactivity is a major risk factor for the incidence of Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs). The benefits of practicing physical activities regularly are achieved when executed respecting appropriate prescription guidelines. Objective: To verify the profile of residents of the outskirts in the city of Presidente Prudente, in the state of São Paulo, emphasizing items related to physical activity and the presence of CVDs. Materials and Methods: Theparticipants were composed of 449individuals who sought multidisciplinary care services offered to the community in joint efforts for health. Datawere collected through a questionnaire prepared by the team of professionals who organized health task forces that addressed: the presence of CVDs in interviewees and their family members and questions about the accomplishment of regular physical activities. Results: 43% of the respondents practiced physical activities, of which most of them reported to do jogging. Of the respondents, 67% have a family history of cardiovascular antecedents and 48% have one CVD, being the most prevalent Systemic Arterial Hypertension. Conclusion: Many individuals who reported being physically active perform physical activities improperly and without the support of specialized professionals. The improper practice of physical activities may lead to cardiovascular risks, mainly in regard to hypertensive individuals.