Geographic availability to optometry services across Canada: mapping distribution, need and self-reported use.

BACKGROUND: This research investigates the distribution of optometrists in Canada relative to population health needs and self-reported use of vision services. METHODS: Optometrist locations were gathered from provincial regulatory bodies. Optometrist-to-population ratios (i.e. the number of providers per 10,000 people at the health region level) were then calculated. Utilization of vision care services was extracted from the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) 2013-2014 question regarding self-reported contacts with optometrists or ophthalmologists. Data from the 2016 Statistics Canada census were used to create three population 'need' subgroups (65 years and over; low-income; and people aged 15 and over with less than a high school diploma). Cross-classification mapping compared optometrist distribution to self-reported use of vision care services in relation to need. Each variable was converted into three classes (i.e., low, moderate, and high) using a standard deviation (SD) classification scheme where ±0.5SD from the mean was considered as a cut-off. Three classes: low (< - 0.5SD), moderate (- 0.5 to 0.5SD), and high (> 0.5SD) were used for demonstrating distribution of each variable across health regions. RESULTS: A total of 5959 optometrists across ten Canadian provinces were included in this analysis. The nationwide distribution of optometrists is variable across Canada; they are predominantly concentrated in urban areas. The national mean ratio of optometrists was 1.70 optometrists per 10,000 people (range = 0.13 to 2.92). Out of 109 health regions (HRs), 26 were classified as low ratios, 51 HRs were classified as moderate ratios, and 32 HRs were high ratios. Thirty-five HRs were classified as low utilization, 39 HRs were classified as moderate, and 32 HRs as high utilization. HRs with a low optometrist ratio relative to eye care utilization and a high proportion of key sociodemographic characteristics (e.g. older age, low income) are located throughout Canada and identified with maps indicating areas of likely greater need for optometry services. CONCLUSION: This research provides a nationwide overview of vision care provided by optometrists identifying gaps in geographic availability relative to "supply" and "need" factors. This examination of variation in accessibility to optometric services will be useful to inform workforce planning and policies.

Water quality index and sanitary and socioeconomic indicators in Minas Gerais, Brazil.

Minas Gerais is one of the 27 federative units of Brazil; it is the fourth state with the largest territorial area and the second in number of inhabitants. Since 1997, the monitoring of the surface water quality of the State of Minas Gerais has been carried out. In this study, generalized regression models were constructed to determine the correlation between the Water Quality Index (WQI) and the sanitary and socioeconomic variables: Municipal Population, Human Development Index (HDI), Gini Index, Percentage of Vulnerables to Poverty (Poverty), Monthly Per Capita Income, Percentage of Inadequate or Poor Sanitation. In addition to the sanitary and socioeconomic variables listed, it also used year of water quality monitoring, altitude of the monitoring point, and distance from the monitoring point to the urban center of the municipality. The results from the generalized models showed that the variables year, altitude, Gini Index, monthly per capita income, and poor sanitation variables were positively associated with WQI. In other words, high values of each variable increased WQI, while population variables HDI and poverty were negatively related to WQI, that is, a high population value, HDI, or poverty implies a low WQI value. Socioeconomic variables such as HDI, Gini Index, poorness, or poor sanitation percentage present the coefficients with the largest modulus. Thus, among the socioeconomic variables studied, these are the ones that most contribute to the variability of WQI. The year and altitude variables have positive regression coefficients, indicating that when these variables increase, WQI also increases. The positive correlation with the year shows that the surface water quality of Minas Gerais improved during the monitoring years.

Disparities in modifiable cancer risk factors among Canadian provinces, territories, and health regions.

BACKGROUND: Data about small area estimates of cancer risk factors are difficult to obtain in Canada. The current study aims to provide an assessment of the prevalence of different behavioral risk factors of cancer at the level of Canadian provinces/territories and sub provincial health regions/units. METHODS: Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) datasets for 2017/2018 were reviewed and adult participants (≥ 18 years old) were included. Baseline demographic data and health behaviors (including ever-smoking, current smoking, alcohol drinking in the past 12 months, below-recommended physical activity, and obesity) were reviewed. Prevalence of each of these behaviors within different provinces/territories as well as within each health region was reviewed. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was then done to examine the association between place of residence and cancer risk factors. RESULTS: A total of 104,636 adult participants were included in the current analysis. For ever-smoking, the highest prevalence was noted in Nunavut (79.7%); for current smoking, the highest prevalence was noted in Nunavut (67.2%); for alcohol drinking in the past 12 months, the highest prevalence was noted in Quebec (89.3%); for below-recommended physical activity, the highest prevalence was noted in Nunavut (51.3%); for obesity, the highest prevalence was noted in Northwest territories (31.5%). Compared to individuals living within a territory, individuals living within a province were less likely to ever smoke (OR: 0.62; 95% CI: 0.54-0.71), currently smoke (OR: 0.51; 95% CI: 0.45-0.59), be obese (OR: 0.82; 95% CI: 0.71-0.95), but more likely to drink alcohol in the past 12 months (OR: 1.41; 95% CI: 1.20-1.65). There is no difference between both categories with regards to physical activity (OR: 1.02; 95% CI: 0.89-1.15). CONCLUSIONS: There is a general province/territory disparity in the prevalence of different modifiable cancer risk factors as well as disparity between individual provinces/health regions in Canada.

Disparities in multimorbidity and mortality among people living with and without HIV across British Columbia's health regions: a population-based cohort study.

OBJECTIVES: Longer survival has increased the likelihood of antiretroviral-treated people living with HIV (PLWH) developing age-associated comorbidities. We compared the burden of multimorbidity and all-cause mortality across HIV status in British Columbia (BC), and assessed the longitudinal effect of multimorbidity on all-cause mortality among PLWH. METHODS: Antiretroviral-treated PLWH aged ≥19 years and 1:4 age-sex-matched HIV-negative individuals from a population-based cohort were followed for ≥1 year during 2001-2012. Diagnoses of seven age-associated comorbidities were identified from provincial administrative databases and grouped into 0, 1, 2, and ≥3 comorbidities. Multimorbidity prevalence and age-standardized mortality rates (ASMRs) in both populations were stratified by BC's health regions. Marginal structural models were used to estimate the effect of multimorbidity on mortality among PLWH, adjusted for time-varying confounders affected by prior multimorbidity. RESULTS: Among 8031 PLWH and 32,124 HIV-negative individuals, 25% versus 11% developed multimorbidity, and 23.53 deaths/1000 person-years (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 22.02-25.13) versus 3.04 (2.81-3.29) were observed, respectively. PLWH in Northern region had the highest ASMR, but those in South Vancouver Island experienced the greatest difference in mortality compared with HIV-negative individuals. Among PLWH, compared with those with zero comorbidities, adjusted hazard ratios for those with 1, 2, and ≥3 comorbidities were 3.36 (95% CI: 2.86-3.95), 6.92 (5.75-8.33), and 12.87 (10.45-15.85), respectively. CONCLUSION: PLWH across BC's health regions experience excess multimorbidity and associated mortality. We highlight health disparities which are key when planning the distribution of healthcare resources across BC, and provide evidence for improved HIV care models integrating prevention and management of chronic diseases.

RéSUMé: OBJECTIF: Les nouvelles thérapeutiques antirétrovirales (ARV) ont permis une plus longue espérance de vie aux personnes porteuses du VIH. Cependant, le vieillissement augmente la probabilité de développer des comorbidités au sein même de la population des personnes vivant avec le VIH (PVVIH) qui suivent des traitements ARV. On a comparé le fardeau de la multimorbidité et mortalité, toutes causes confondues, lié au statut VIH à travers la Colombie-Britannique. On a aussi évalué l'effet longitudinal de la multimorbidité sur la mortalité, toutes causes confondues, parmi les PVVIH. MéTHODES: L'étude comprit des PVVIH suivant un traitement ARV âgés de ≥19 ans et un groupe témoin séronégatif (4 témoins par PVVIH) comparable en termes d'âge et de sexe, tous provenant d'une cohorte de surveillance continue d'au moins 1 an sur une période allant de 2001 à 2012. Des diagnostics de sept comorbidités liées à l'âge ont été identifiés à partir des bases de données administratives provinciales et regroupés en 0, 1, 2 et ≥3 comorbidités. La prévalence de la multimorbidité et les taux de mortalité normalisés selon l'âge (TMNA) dans les deux populations ont été stratifiés selon les régions sociosanitaires de la Colombie-Britannique. Des modèles structurels marginaux ont été utilisés pour estimer l'effet de la multimorbidité sur la mortalité chez les PVVIH, ajustant pour les facteurs de confusion variables affectés par une multimorbidité antérieure. RéSULTATS: Parmi 8 031 PVVIH et 32 124 personnes séronégatives pour le VIH, 25 % contre 11 % ont développé une multimorbidité et 23,53 décès pour 1 000 personnes-années (intervalle de confiance à 95 % [IC à 95 %]: 22,02­25,13) contre 3,04 (2,81­3,29) ont été observés, respectivement. Les PVVIH de la région septentrionale avaient le TMNA le plus élevé, alors que ceux du sud de l'île de Vancouver ont connu la plus grande différence de mortalité par rapport aux personnes séronégatives. Parmi les PVVIH, les personnes atteintes de 1, 2 et ≥3 comorbidités avaient respectivement 3,36 (IC à 95 %: 2,86­3,95), 6,92 (5,75­8,33) et 12,87 (10,45­15,85) fois plus la probabilité de mourir que les personnes sans comorbidités. CONCLUSION: Les PVVIH des régions sociosanitaires de la Colombie-Britannique connaissent une multimorbidité excessive et la surmortalité s'y associant. Notre étude souligne les disparités-clés en matière de santé qu'il faut prendre en compte lors de la planification de la distribution des ressources de soins de santé à travers la Colombie-Britannique. Elle fournit aussi des preuves pour des modèles de soins du VIH améliorés, y intégrant la prévention et la gestion des maladies chroniques.

An integrated dataset of malaria notifications in the Legal Amazon.

OBJECTIVES: Malaria is an infectious disease that annually presents around 200,000 cases in Brazil. The availability of data on malaria is crucial for enabling and supporting studies that can promote actions to prevent it. Therefore, the goal of this paper is to contribute to such studies by offering an integrated dataset containing data on reported and suspected cases of malaria in the Brazilian Legal Amazon comprising the period from the years 2009 to 2019. DATA DESCRIPTION: This paper presents a dataset with all medical records of patients who were tested for malaria in the Brazilian Legal Amazon from 2009 to 2019. The dataset has 40 attributes and 22,923,977 records of suspected cases of malaria. Around 12% of the data correspond to confirmed cases of malaria. The attributes include data regarding the notifications, examinations, as well as personal patient information, which are organized into health regions.

Gestão regional no enfrentamento à pandemia da Covid-19: estudo de casos em São Paulo / Regional management in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic: case study in São Paulo

RESUMO Ao final do ano de 2019 o mundo foi surpreendido pela Covid-19, que chegou ao Brasil no início de 2020, fazendo com que o Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) adotasse estratégias imediatas para atender as necessidades de saúde da população, colocando em evidência todos os obstáculos que o sistema de saúde vinha enfrentando nos últimos anos. O estado de São Paulo não foi diferente do restante do País em relação ao enfrentamento. Este estudo objetivou identificar as principais estratégias adotadas em 5 regiões de saúde de São Paulo, com foco na gestão regional, analisando os processos e práticas adotados para o enfrentamento à pandemia da Covid-19. Tratou-se de um estudo qualitativo, realizado através de estudo de casos múltiplos, com abordagem exploratória, a partir de pesquisa de campo e realização de oficinas regionais. As regiões de saúde deste estudo puderam comprovar a importância da intersetorialidade nas ações de saúde como um todo. Notou-se o grande papel dos municípios nestas ações e a união destes, fortalecendo o papel da regionalização e ampliando a importância da governança em saúde. Ademais, as regiões de saúde saíram fortalecidas porque exerceram seu papel de liderança e organizaram ações junto aos municípios.

ABSTRACT At the end of 2019 the world was surprised by COVID-19, which arrived in Brazil at the beginning of 2020, causing the Unified Health System (SUS) to adopt immediate strategies to meet health needs, as well as putting in check all the obstacles that the health system has been facing in recent years. In the state of São Paulo it was not different from the rest of the country in relation to the confrontation. This study aimed to identify the main strategies adopted in 5 health regions of São Paulo, focusing on regional management, analyzing the processes and practices adopted to face the COVID-19 pandemic. It was a qualitative study, carried out through a multiple case study, with an exploratory approach, based on field research and regional workshops. In this study, the health regions were able to prove the importance of intersectoral actions in the health system. It was noted the great role of municipalities in these actions and their union, strengthening the role of regionalization and expanding the importance of governance in health. In addition, the health regions were strengthened because they exercised their leadership role and organized actions with the municipalities.

An integrated dataset of malaria notifcations in the Legal Amazon

Objectives: Malaria is an infectious disease that annually presents around 200,000 cases in Brazil. The availability of data on malaria is crucial for enabling and supporting studies that can promote actions to prevent it. Therefore, the goal of this paper is to contribute to such studies by ofering an integrated dataset containing data on reported and suspected cases of malaria in the Brazilian Legal Amazon comprising the period from the years 2009 to 2019. Data description: This paper presents a dataset with all medical records of patients who were tested for malaria in the Brazilian Legal Amazon from 2009 to 2019. The dataset has 40 attributes and 22,923,977 records of suspected cases of malaria. Around 12% of the data correspond to confrmed cases of malaria. The attributes include data regarding the notifcations, examinations, as well as personal patient information, which are organized into health regions.

Políticas de saúde e lacunas federativas no Brasil: uma análise da capacidade regional de provisão de serviços / Health policies and federative gaps in Brazil: an analysis of regional capacity of services delivery

Resumo No artigo são analisadas as regiões de saúde no Brasil segundo sua capacidade de provisão de serviços a partir do debate sobre a crise do federalismo cooperativo no SUS decorrente do processo de descentralização definido pela Constituição de 1988. Foram selecionados indicadores traçadores de capacidade de oferta de serviços segundo regiões e as análises estatísticas mostraram maior capacidade das regiões na atenção hospitalar e grandes assimetrias com relação a disponibilidade de médicos, equipamentos de alta complexidade e cobertura de seguros privados. Conclui-se pela necessidade de soluções que aumentem a capacidade governamental de reduzir desigualdades regionais a partir de maior coordenação central.

Abstract This paper analyzes Brazilian health regions according to their service delivery capacity from the debate on the crisis of cooperative federalism in the SUS that resulted from decentralizing process established in the 1988 Constitution. Service delivery capacity tracer indicators were selected by regions and statistical analyses evidenced greater regional capacity in hospital care and large asymmetries with regard to the availability of physicians, high complexity equipment and private insurance coverage. In conclusion,we argue that further solutions are required to strengthen governmental capacity to reduce regional inequalities throughincreased central coordination.

Desigualdades regionais na saúde: mudanças observadas no Brasil de 2000 a 2016 / Regional health inequalities: changes observed in Brazil from 2000-2016

Resumo Avanços na redução da pobreza e das desigualdades nos anos 2000 tiveram efeito paradoxal sobre o território brasileiro. O artigo tem como objetivo analisar como transformações socioeconômicas, de oferta e complexidade de serviços de saúde se expressam nas regiões constituídas para fins de planejamento e gestão intergovernamental do Sistema Único de Saúde. Para isso, procurou-se identificar e explicar diferenciações nas composições das 438 regiões de saúde existentes e sua distribuição espacial, comparando-se situações observadas em 2016 com aquelas encontradas em 2000. Técnicas de análise fatorial e de agrupamentos foram utilizadas para a construção de uma tipologia nos dois anos da série, com base em um conjunto diversificado de fontes de dados secundários. Verificou-se evolução dos níveis de renda e oferta de serviços entre as regiões de saúde, com expressiva melhora nas condições socioeconômicas da população. Os resultados sugerem impactos positivos da combinação de estratégias relacionadas à política social, econômica e regional para a promoção do desenvolvimento com geração de bem-estar de forma mais disseminada no território. Entretanto, permanecem limitações das políticas implementadas para a universalização do sistema de saúde.

Abstract Advances in reducing poverty and inequalities in the 2000s had a paradoxical effect in Brazil. This article examines how socioeconomic transformations, and the complexity of health services, are expressed in the regions established for planning purposes and the inter-governmental management of the Brazilian Unified Health System. An effort was made to identify and explain differences in the compositions of the 438 existing health regions and their spatial distribution by comparing situations observed in 2016 with those in 2000. Factor analysis and grouping techniques were used to construct a typology in the two years of the series, which was based on a diverse set of secondary data sources. It was found that there was an evolution in terms of income levels and service provision within the health regions, with a significant improvement in the socioeconomic conditions of the population. These results suggest that there was a positive impact from the combination of strategies related to social, economic and regional policies for the promotion of development, which generated more widespread well-being within the affected areas. However, limitations remain regarding the policies implemented for the universalization of the health system.

Desigualdades regionais na saúde: mudanças observadas no Brasil de 2000 a 2016 / Regional health inequalities: changes observed in Brazil from 2000-2016

Avanços na redução da pobreza e das desigualdades nos anos 2000 tiveram efeito paradoxal sobre o território brasileiro. O artigo tem como objetivo analisar como transformações socioeconômicas, de oferta e complexidade de serviços de saúde se expressam nas regiões constituídas para fins de planejamento e gestão intergovernamental do Sistema Único de Saúde. Para isso, procurou-se identificar e explicar diferenciações nas composições das 438 regiões de saúde existentes e sua distribuição espacial, comparando-se situações observadas em 2016 com aquelas encontradas em 2000. Técnicas de análise fatorial e de agrupamentos foram utilizadas para a construção de uma tipologia nos dois anos da série, com base em um conjunto diversificado de fontes de dados secundários. Verificou-se evolução dos níveis de renda e oferta de serviços entre as regiões de saúde, com expressiva melhora nas condições socioeconômicas da população. Os resultados sugerem impactos positivos da combinação de estratégias relacionadas à política social, econômica e regional para a promoção do desenvolvimento com geração de bem-estar de forma mais disseminada no território. Entretanto, permanecem limitações das políticas implementadas para a universalização do sistema de saúde.

Subsídios para o cumprimento do ODS 3.1 da Agenda 2030: uma análise sobre a mortalidade materna no Brasil, de 1996 a 2018 / Subsidies for the compliance of SDG 3.1 of the 2030 Agenda: an analysis of maternal mortality in Brazil from 1996 to 2018

O objetivo desta dissertação é produzir subsídios para o governo federal desenvolver políticas que viabilizem o cumprimento da Meta ODS 3.1, pelo Brasil. Para isso, foi realizado um diagnóstico no DATASUS sobre a situação da mortalidade materna nas Regiões de Saúde (CIR), em 2018, e as principais características desta mortalidade no país, entre 1996 e 2018. Com o intuito de construir um referencial teórico para a análise dos dados foi feita uma análise bibliográfica sobre a mortalidade materna no Brasil. Em 2018, das 450 CIR, 159 apresentaram RMM superior a 70,0/100.000 NV. Apesar das altas razões de mortalidade materna no Brasil, entre 1996 e 2018, houve redução entre mulheres de 30 a 49 anos. Entretanto, a faixa de 10 a 29 anos permaneceu inalterada ao longo da série estudada. A disseminação dos Comitês de Mortalidade Materna, o PHPN, a PNAISM e a Rede Cegonha influenciaram melhorias na gravidez tardia, no entanto, não foram eficazes na prevenção dos óbitos entre mães jovens. Visando aprofundar o diagnóstico, comparou-se as RMM das Regiões de Saúde aos seus respectivos Índices de Desenvolvimento Humano Municipais (IDHM) \2013 calculados a partir de dados do Atlas Brasil. Constatou-se que as CIR com níveis elevados de desenvolvimento humano tendem a apresentar mortalidade materna menos elevada; já as CIR com níveis baixos de desenvolvimento humanos apresentam mortalidade materna mais alta. Com base neste diagnóstico, construiu-se um Plano de Enfrentamento à Mortalidade Materna, a partir da organização das 450 CIR em 6 Grupos de prioridades, visando subsidiar o cumprimento da Meta ODS 3.1, pelo Brasil. Tal Plano busca: priorizar as Regiões de Saúde com alta Razão de Mortalidade Materna e baixo nível de Desenvolvimento Humano Municipal \2013 enfrentando as desigualdades regionais; propiciar diretrizes de ação para todas as Unidades da Federação e todas as CIR \2013 abordagem de âmbito nacional, com integração progressiva das UF; priorizar as Regiões Norte e Nordeste; e priorizar as CIR do Amazonas, Roraima, Amapá, Pará, Maranhão e Piauí \2013 faixa territorial considerada estratégica para a redução da mortalidade materna.

Regionalization of health in Brazil: an analytical perspective

This article aims to contribute to the debate on the SUS regionalization policy and the establishment of health regions in Brazil. Understanding them require to recognize the dichotomy between public health and individual health - which marks the history of Brazilian public health - and identify the different rationalities that lead this process. Such rationalities allow not only to consider the legacy of municipalization in the current regionalization process, as well as to establish links between the two fields of fundamental knowledge to the debate, epidemiology and geography. Clinical epidemiology, privileging individual health, gives basis to a healthcare model that prioritizes the optimization of resources. The recognition of health in its broader concept, in the social epidemiology, bases an attention model aimed at social determinants. With geography, functional regions can be formulated, based on Christaller's theory, or lablachianas regions which recognize the social loco / regional structure, allowing intervention in determining or conditioning the way of illness and death of populations.

Este artigo visa a contribuir com o debate sobre a política de regionalização do SUS e a constituição das regiões de saúde no Brasil. Compreendê-las pressupõe reconhecer a dicotomia entre saúde coletiva e saúde individual - que marca a história da saúde pública brasileira - e identificar as diferentes racionalidades que conduzem esse processo. Tais racionalidades permitem não apenas considerar o legado da municipalização no atual processo de regionalização, como também estabelecer nexos entre dois campos do conhecimento fundamentais para o debate, a epidemiologia e a geografia. A epidemiologia clínica, ao privilegiar a saúde individual, fundamenta um modelo assistencial que prioriza a otimização de recursos. O reconhecimento da saúde no seu conceito ampliado, na epidemiologia social, fundamenta um modelo de atenção voltado para os determinantes sociais. Com a geografia, podem-se formular regiões funcionais, baseadas na teoria de Christaller, ou regiões lablachianas, que reconhecem a estrutura social loco/regional, possibilitando a intervenção nos determinantes ou condicionantes da maneira de adoecer e morrer das populações.

Regionalização da saúde no Brasil: umaperspectiva de análise / Regionalization of health in Brazil: an analytical perspective

This article aims to contribute to the debate on the SUS regionalization policy and the establishment of health regions in Brazil. Understanding them require to recognize the dichotomy between public health and individual health - which marks the history of Brazilian public health - and identify the different rationalities that lead this process. Such rationalities allow not only to consider the legacy of municipalization in the current regionalization process, as well as to establish links between the two fields of fundamental knowledge to the debate, epidemiology and geography. Clinical epidemiology, privileging individual health, gives basis to a healthcare model that prioritizes the optimization of resources. There cognition of health in its broader concept, in the social epidemiology, bases an attention model aimedat social determinants. With geography, functional regions can be formulated, based on Christallers theory, or lablachianas regions which recognize the social loco / regional structure, allowing intervention in determining or conditioning the way of illness and death of populations (AU)

Este artigo visa a contribuir com o debate sobre a política de regionalização do SUS e a constituição das regiões de saúde no Brasil. Compreendê-las pressupõe reconhecer a dicotomia entre saúde coletiva e saúde individual que marca a história da saúde pública brasileira e identificar as diferentes racionalidades que conduzem esse processo. Tais racionalidades permitem não apenas considerar o legado da municipalização no atual processo de regionalização, como também estabelecer nexos entre dois campos do conhecimento fundamentais para o debate, a epidemiologia e a geografia. A epidemiologia clínica, ao privilegiar a saúde individual, fundamenta um modelo assistencial que prioriza a otimização de recursos. O reconhecimento da saúde no seu conceito ampliado, na epidemiologia social, fundamenta um modelo de atenção voltado para os determinantes sociais. Com a geografia, podem-se formular regiões funcionais, baseadas na teoria de Christaller, ou regiões lablachianas, que reconhecem a estrutura social loco/regional, possibilitando a intervenção nos determinantes ou condicionantes da maneira de adoecer e morrer das populações (AU)

Regionalização da saúde na região do Grande ABC: os interesses em disputa / Health regionalization in the ABC Region: the interests at stake

Regionalizar o Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) implica a construção conjunta de um planejamento que dê conta da integração, coordenação, regulação e financiamento da rede de serviços dentro de um território, em um processo contínuo de negociações de toda natureza. O Pacto pela Saúde de 2006 apresenta três instrumentos para a gestão de um sistema regional de saúde: o Plano Diretor Regional (PDR); a Programação Pactuada Integrada (PPI); e o Plano Diretor de Investimentos (PDI). Este artigo se propõe debater, discutir e explicar a operação desses instrumentos no sistema regional de saúde do Grande ABC Paulista, que está hoje sob a coordenação do Departamento Regional de Saúde I (DRS I). Tendo esse objetivo norteador, este estudo descritivo da região do Grande ABC baseia-se em dez entrevistas com secretários e diretores municipais; gestores de hospitais; um gestor da Fundação do ABC; e um gestor do DRS I. Concluiu-se que o PDR necessitaria ser atualizado para equilibrar a relação entre oferta e demanda; o PPI é uma arena de competição, em vez de um espaço de articulação, negociação e pactuação; e o PDI é pouco significativo, uma vez que os recursos do Ministério da Saúde não são suficientes para as ações de saúde nessa região...

Regionalizing the Brazilian National Health System implies the joint construction of a planning that comprises the interconnection, coordination, regulation, and funding of the network of services within a territory, in a continued process of all kinds of negotiation. The 2006 Pact for Health has three instruments for managing a regional health system: the Regional Executive Land-Use Planning (RDP); the Interconnected Agreed Scheduling (AIS); and the Executive Investment Planning (IDP). This article aims at debating, discussing, and explaining the operation of these instruments in the regional health system of the ABC Region, which is currently coordinated by the Regional Health Department I (DRS I). With this guiding objective, this descriptive study of the ABC Region is based on ten interviews with municipal secretaries and directors; hospital managers; a manager of the ABC Foundation; and a manager of DRS I. It was concluded that PDR might need to be updated in order to balance the relation between supply and demand; PPI is a competition arena, rather than a space for interconnection, negotiation, and agreement; and PDI is not that significant, since the resources from the Ministry of Health are not enough for the health actions in this region...

Regionalização da saúde na região do Grande ABC: os interesses em disputa / Health regionalization in the ABC Region: the interests at stake

Regionalizar o Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) implica a construção conjunta de um planejamento que dê conta da integração, coordenação, regulação e financiamento da rede de serviços dentro de um território, em um processo contínuo de negociações de toda natureza. O Pacto pela Saúde de 2006 apresenta três instrumentos para a gestão de um sistema regional de saúde: o Plano Diretor Regional (PDR); a Programação Pactuada Integrada (PPI); e o Plano Diretor de Investimentos (PDI). Este artigo se propõe debater, discutir e explicar a operação desses instrumentos no sistema regional de saúde do Grande ABC Paulista, que está hoje sob a coordenação do Departamento Regional de Saúde I (DRS I). Tendo esse objetivo norteador, este estudo descritivo da região do Grande ABC baseia-se em dez entrevistas com secretários e diretores municipais; gestores de hospitais; um gestor da Fundação do ABC; e um gestor do DRS I. Concluiu-se que o PDR necessitaria ser atualizado para equilibrar a relação entre oferta e demanda; o PPI é uma arena de competição, em vez de um espaço de articulação, negociação e pactuação; e o PDI é pouco significativo, uma vez que os recursos do Ministério da Saúde não são suficientes para as ações de saúde nessa região (AU)

Regionalizing the Brazilian National Health System implies the joint construction of a planning that comprises the interconnection, coordination, regulation, and funding of the network of services within a territory, in a continued process of all kinds of negotiation. The 2006 Pact for Health has three instruments for managing a regional health system: the Regional Executive Land-Use Planning (RDP); the Interconnected Agreed Scheduling (AIS); and the Executive Investment Planning (IDP). This article aims at debating, discussing, and explaining the operation of these instruments in the regional health system of the ABC Region, which is currently coordinated by the Regional Health Department I (DRS I). With this guiding objective, this descriptive study of the ABC Region is based on ten interviews with municipal secretaries and directors; hospital managers; a manager of the ABC Foundation; and a manager of DRS I. It was concluded that PDR might need to be updated in order to balance the relation between supply and demand; PPI is a competition arena, rather than a space for interconnection, negotiation, and agreement; and PDI is not that significant, since the resources from the Ministry of Health are not enough for the health actions in this region (AU)