A Stress Self-Adaptive Structure to Suppress the Chemo-mechanical Degradation for High Rate and Ultralong Cycle Life Sodium Ion Batteries.

Transition-metal phosphides (TMPs) as typical conversion-type anode materials demonstrate extraordinary theoretical charge storage capacity for sodium ion batteries, but the unavoidable volume expansion and irreversible capacity loss upon cycling represent their long-standing limitations. Herein we report a stress self-adaptive structure with ultrafine FeP nanodots embedded in dense carbon microplates skeleton (FeP@CMS) via the spatial confinement of carbon quantum dots (CQDs). Such an architecture delivers a record high specific capacity (778 mAh g-1 at 0.05 A g-1 ) and ultra-long cycle stability (87.6 % capacity retention after 10 000 cycles at 20 A g-1 ), which outperform the state-of-the-art literature. We decode the fundamental reasons for this unprecedented performance, that such an architecture allows the spontaneous stress transfer from FeP nanodots to the surrounding carbon matrix, thus overcomes the intrinsic chemo-mechanical degradation of metal phosphides.

sp2 to sp3 Hybridization Transformation in Ionic Crystals under Unprecedentedly Low Pressure.

Under cold pressure sp1 /sp2 -to-sp3 hybridization transformation has been exclusively observed in covalent or molecular crystals overwhelmingly above ≈10 GPa, and the approaches to lower the transition pressure are limited on external heat-treatment and/or catalyzers. Herein we demonstrate that, by internal-lattice stress-transfer from ionic to covalent groups, the transformation can be significantly prompted, as shown in a crystal of LiBO2 under 2.85 GPa for the first case in ionic crystals. This unprecedentedly low transformation pressure is ascribed to the enhanced localized stress on covalent B-O frames transferred from ionic Li-O bonds in LiBO2 , and accordingly the corresponding structural feature is summarized. This work provides an internal structural regulation strategy for pressure-reduction of the s-p orbital hybridization transformation and extends the sp1 /sp2 -to-sp3 transformation landscape from molecular and covalent compounds to ionic systems.

Development and Application of Resistance Strain Force Sensors.

Resistance strain force sensors have been applied to monitor the strains in various parts and structures for industrial use. Here, we review the working principles, structural forms, and fabrication processes for resistance strain gauges. In particular, we focus on recent developments in resistance stress transfer for resistance strain force sensors and the creep effect due to sustained loads and/or temperature variations. Various error compensation methods to reduce the creep effect are analyzed to develop a metrology standard for resistance strain force sensors. Additionally, the current status of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), silicon carbide (SiC), gallium nitride (GaN), and other wide band gap semiconductors for a wide range of strain sensors are reviewed. The technical requirements and key issues of resistance strain force sensors for future applications are presented.

Impact of chronic maternal stress during early gestation on maternal-fetal stress transfer and fetal stress sensitivity in sheep.

Acute stress-induced reduction of uterine blood flow (UBF) is an indirect mechanism of maternal-fetal stress transfer during late gestation. Effects of chronic psychosocial maternal stress (CMS) during early gestation, as may be experienced by many working women, on this stress signaling mechanism are unclear. We hypothesized that CMS in sheep during early gestation augments later acute stress-induced decreases of UBF, and aggravates the fetal hormonal, cardiovascular, and metabolic stress responses during later development. Six pregnant ewes underwent repeated isolation stress (CMS) between 30 and 100 days of gestation (dGA, term: 150 dGA) and seven pregnant ewes served as controls. At 110 dGA, ewes were chronically instrumented and underwent acute isolation stress. The acute stress decreased UBF by 19% in both the CMS and control groups (p < .05), but this was prolonged in CMS versus control ewes (74 vs. 30 min, p < .05). CMS increased fetal circulating baseline and stress-induced cortisol and norepinephrine concentrations indicating a hyperactive hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis and sympathetic-adrenal-medullary system. Increased fetal norepinephrine is endogenous as maternal catecholamines do not cross the placenta. Cortisol in the control but not in the CMS fetuses was correlated with maternal cortisol blood concentrations; these findings indicate: (1) no increased maternal-fetal cortisol transfer with CMS, (2) cortisol production in CMS fetuses when the HPA-axis is normally inactive, due to early maturation of the fetal HPA-axis. CMS fetuses were better oxygenated, without shift towards acidosis compared to the controls, potentially reflecting adaptation to repeated stress. Hence, CMS enhances maternal-fetal stress transfer by prolonged reduction in UBF and increased fetal HPA responsiveness.

Stress-Transfer-Induced In†Situ Formation of Ultrathin Nickel Phosphide Nanosheets for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution.

Ultrathin two-dimensional (2D) nanostructures have attracted increasing research interest for energy storage and conversion. However, tackling the key problem of lattice mismatch inducing the instability of ulreathin nanostructures during phase transformations is still a critical challenge. Herein, we describe a facile and scalable strategy for the growth of ultrathin nickel phosphide (Ni2 P) nanosheets (NSs) with exposed (001) facets. We show that single-layer functionalized graphene with residual oxygen-containing groups and a large lateral size contributes to reducing the lattice strain during phosphorization. The resulting nanostructure exhibits remarkable hydrogen evolution activity and good stability under alkaline conditions.

Collagenous Extracellular Matrix Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering: Lessons from the Common Sea Urchin Tissue.

Scaffolds for tissue engineering application may be made from a collagenous extracellular matrix (ECM) of connective tissues because the ECM can mimic the functions of the target tissue. The primary sources of collagenous ECM material are calf skin and bone. However, these sources are associated with the risk of having bovine spongiform encephalopathy or transmissible spongiform encephalopathy. Alternative sources for collagenous ECM materials may be derived from livestock, e.g., pigs, and from marine animals, e.g., sea urchins. Collagenous ECM of the sea urchin possesses structural features and mechanical properties that are similar to those of mammalian ones. However, even more intriguing is that some tissues such as the ligamentous catch apparatus can exhibit mutability, namely rapid reversible changes in the tissue mechanical properties. These tissues are known as mutable collagenous tissues (MCTs). The mutability of these tissues has been the subject of on-going investigations, covering the biochemistry, structural biology and mechanical properties of the collagenous components. Recent studies point to a nerve-control system for regulating the ECM macromolecules that are involved in the sliding action of collagen fibrils in the MCT. This review discusses the key attributes of the structure and function of the ECM of the sea urchin ligaments that are related to the fibril-fibril sliding action-the focus is on the respective components within the hierarchical architecture of the tissue. In this context, structure refers to size, shape and separation distance of the ECM components while function is associated with mechanical properties e.g., strength and stiffness. For simplicity, the components that address the different length scale from the largest to the smallest are as follows: collagen fibres, collagen fibrils, interfibrillar matrix and collagen molecules. Application of recent theories of stress transfer and fracture mechanisms in fibre reinforced composites to a wide variety of collagen reinforcing (non-mutable) connective tissue, has allowed us to draw general conclusions concerning the mechanical response of the MCT at specific mechanical states, namely the stiff and complaint states. The intent of this review is to provide the latest insights, as well as identify technical challenges and opportunities, that may be useful for developing methods for effective mechanical support when adapting decellularised connective tissues from the sea urchin for tissue engineering or for the design of a synthetic analogue.

Stress-induced decrease of uterine blood flow in sheep is mediated by alpha 1-adrenergic receptors.

Prenatal maternal stress can be transferred to the fetus via a catecholamine-dependent decrease of uterine blood flow (UBF). However, it is unclear which group of adrenergic receptors mediates this mechanism of maternal-fetal stress transfer. We hypothesized that in sheep, alpha 1-adrenergic receptors may play a key role in catecholamine mediated UBF decrease, as these receptors are mainly involved in peripheral vasoconstriction and are present in significant number in the uterine vasculature. After chronic instrumentation at 125 ± 1 days of gestation (dGA; term 150 dGA), nine pregnant sheep were exposed at 130 ± 1 dGA to acute isolation stress for one hour without visual, tactile, or auditory contact with their flockmates. UBF, blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), stress hormones, and blood gases were determined before and during this isolation challenge. Twenty-four hours later, experiments were repeated during alpha 1-adrenergic receptor blockage induced by a continuous intravenous infusion of urapidil. In both experiments, ewes reacted to isolation with an increase in serum norepinephrine, cortisol, BP, and HR as typical signs of activation of sympatho-adrenal and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Stress-induced UBF decrease was prevented by alpha 1-adrenergic receptor blockage. We conclude that UBF decrease induced by maternal stress in sheep is mediated by alpha 1-adrenergic receptors. Future studies investigating prevention strategies of impact of prenatal maternal stress on fetal health should consider selective blockage of alpha 1-receptors to interrupt maternal-fetal stress transfer mediated by utero-placental malperfusion.

Role of catecholamines in maternal-fetal stress transfer in sheep.

OBJECTIVE: We sought to evaluate whether in addition to cortisol, catecholamines also transfer psychosocial stress indirectly to the fetus by decreasing uterine blood flow (UBF) and increasing fetal anaerobic metabolism and stress hormones. STUDY DESIGN: Seven pregnant sheep chronically instrumented with uterine ultrasound flow probes and catheters at 0.77 gestation underwent 2 hours of psychosocial stress by isolation. We used adrenergic blockade with labetalol to examine whether decreased UBF is catecholamine mediated and to determine to what extent stress transfer from mother to fetus is catecholamine dependent. RESULTS: Stress induced transient increases in maternal cortisol and norepinephrine (NE). Maximum fetal plasma cortisol concentrations were 8.1 ± 2.1% of those in the mother suggesting its maternal origin. In parallel to the maternal NE increase, UBF decreased by maximum 22% for 30 minutes (P < .05). Fetal NE remained elevated for >2 hours accompanied by a prolonged blood pressure increase (P < .05). Fetuses developed a delayed and prolonged shift toward anaerobic metabolism in the presence of an unaltered oxygen supply. Adrenergic blockade prevented the stress-induced UBF decrease and, consequently, the fetal NE and blood pressure increase and the shift toward anaerobic metabolism. CONCLUSION: We conclude that catecholamine-induced decrease of UBF is a mechanism of maternal-fetal stress transfer. It may explain the influence of maternal stress on fetal development and on programming of adverse health outcomes in later life especially during early pregnancy when fetal glucocorticoid receptor expression is limited.

Earthquake supercycles and fault interaction over the past 32 ka in the Lake Ebinur area, Xinjiang, China.

Earthquake prediction and disaster assessment in tectonically active regions require a continuous and complete regional seismic archive, which is commonly difficult to obtain, especially for prehistoric records. Here, high-resolution analysis of the sedimentary sequence from Lake Ebinur in Xinjiang revealed a detailed history of environment evolution since 32 ka ago. Both the Cl content and ultrafine proportion revealed the changing climate: the climate was relatively dry with low lake-water volumes from 32 to 12 ka, while the climate became warmer and wetter since 12 ka. In addition, eight earthquakes were identified by comprehensive analysis of grain size and geochemical element proxies, showing more than two seismic supercycles, with gaps of ∼10.4 ka; these gaps are much larger than those inferred previously (∼4-7 ka). Notably, these seismic events exhibited a pattern of mutual transmittance between the BoA and Jinghenan faults. Such fault interaction can occur in the Lake Ebinur area because it is dominated by weak lithosphere in which strain is easily accumulated and released; the interaction can also be attributed to the unique spatial distribution and immature nature of both faults. Combined with trenching investigations, our high-resolution analysis of lacustrine sediments can reveal a complete history of tectonic activity, which can efficiently serve regional earthquake prediction and disaster assessment.

Stress transfer law in laboratory hydraulic fracturing experiments.

During the true triaxial hydraulic fracturing experiments, the compression stress applied to the specimen surface cannot be transferred to the interior immediately, resulting in inconsistency with in-situ stress conditions. To quantitatively analyze the stress transfer process from the surface to the interior of the specimen, an experimental method for monitoring the inside stress was proposed based on Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensing technique, based on which the true triaxial stress loading experiments were conducted on a concrete-like specimen of 30 cm × 30 cm × 30 cm. The results show that the stresses inside the specimen require a certain loading time to reach the uniform state. The loading time required for stress transfer from the surface to the interior of the specimen decreases with the increase of compression stresses. The stress transfer process in rock materials is determined by creep. The closure of microcracks results in stress redistribution inside the specimen during creep. Moreover, a 3-D Burgers model is modified to describe the stress transfer process. Finally, the stress transfer phenomenon during hydraulic fracturing was verified by coal fracturing experiments. This study can help to understand the stress transfer mechanism, providing guidance for standardizing the laboratory simulation of in-situ stress.

Scale-Bridging Mechanics Transfer Enables Ultrabright Mechanoluminescent Fiber Electronics.

Mechanoluminescent (ML) fibers and textiles enable stress visualization without auxiliary power, showing great potential in wearable electronics, machine vision, and human-computer interaction. However, traditional ML devices suffer from inefficient stress transfer in soft-rigid material systems, leading to low luminescence brightness and short cycle life. Here, we propose a tendon-inspired scale-bridging mechanics transfer mechanism for ML composites, which employs molecular-scale copolymerized cross-linking and nanoscale inorganic nanoparticles as hierarchical stress transfer sites. This strategy effectively reduces the dissipation of stress in molecular chain segments and alleviates local stress concentration, increases luminescence by 9 times, and extends cycle life to more than 10,000 times. Furthermore, a scalable (kilometer-scale) anti-Plateau-Rayleigh instability manufacturing technology is developed for thermoset ML fibers, compatible with various existing textile techniques. We also demonstrate its system-level applications in motion capture, underwater interaction, etc., providing a feasible strategy for the next generation of smart visual textiles.

Stochastic lattice-based porous implant design for improving the stress transfer in unicompartmental knee arthroplasty.

BACKGROUND: Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) has been proved to be a successful treatment for osteoarthritis patients. However, the stress shielding caused by mismatch in mechanical properties between human bones and artificial implants remains as a challenging issue. This study aimed to properly design a bionic porous tibial implant and evaluate its biomechanical effect in reconstructing stress transfer pathway after UKA surgery. METHODS: Voronoi structures with different strut sizes and porosities were designed and manufactured with Ti6Al4V through additive manufacturing and subjected to quasi-static compression tests. The Gibson-Ashby model was used to relate mechanical properties with design parameters. Subsequently, finite element models were developed for porous UKA, conventional UKA, and native knee to evaluate the biomechanical effect of tibial implant with designed structures during the stance phase. RESULTS: The internal stress distribution on the tibia plateau in the medial compartment of the porous UKA knee was found to closely resemble that of the native knee. Furthermore, the mean stress values in the medial regions of the tibial plateau of the porous UKA knee were at least 44.7% higher than that of the conventional UKA knee for all subjects during the most loading conditions. The strain shielding reduction effect of the porous UKA knee model was significant under the implant and near the load contact sites. For subject 1 to 3, the average percentages of nodes in bone preserving and building region (strain values range from 400 to 3000 µm/m) of the porous UKA knee model, ranging from 68.7 to 80.5%, were higher than that of the conventional UKA knee model, ranging from 61.6 to 68.6%. CONCLUSIONS: The comparison results indicated that the tibial implant with designed Voronoi structure offered better biomechanical functionality on the tibial plateau after UKA. Additionally, the model and associated analysis provide a well-defined design process and dependable selection criteria for design parameters of UKA implants with Voronoi structures.

ZnO microrods sandwiched between layered CNF matrix: Fabrication, stress transfer, and mechanical properties.

Functional metal oxide particles are often added to the polymers to prepare flexible functional polymer composites with adequate mechanical properties. ZnO and cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) outstand among these metal oxides and the polymer matrices respectively due to their various advantages. Herein, we in situ prepare ZnO microrods in the presence of CNF, which resultes in a layered composite structure. The ZnO microrods are sandwiched between the CNF layers and strongly bind to highly charged CNF, which provides a better stress transfer during mechanical activity. Digital image correction (DIC) and finite element analysis-based computational homogenization methods are used to investigate the relationship between mechanical properties and composite structure, and the stress transfer to the ZnO microrods. Full-field strain measurements in DIC reveal that the in situ ZnO microrods preparation leads to their homogenous distribution in the CNF matrix unlike other methods, which require external means such as ultrasonication. The computational homogenization technique provides a fairly good insight into the stress transfer between constituents in microstructure as well as a good prediction of macroscopic mechanical properties, which otherwise, would be challenging to be assessed by any ordinary mechanical testing in the layered composites. Finally, we also demonstrate that these composites could be used as physiological motion sensors for human health monitoring.

Property enhancement of epoxidized natural rubber nanocomposites with water hyacinth-extracted cellulose nanofibers.

Cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) have been widely used as reinforcement in various polymer matrices; however, limited studies of the use of CNFs in epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) have been reported. Here, we successfully prepared CNF-reinforced ENR nanocomposites with superior mechanical performance. CNFs were disintegrated from water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) using high-pressure homogenization, and ENR nanocomposites with CNFs were fabricated by initial mixing and hot pressing. The crosslink densities of the nanocomposites with CNFs were higher than that of the neat ENR. Due to stronger interfacial interactions between the hydroxyl groups of the CNFs and the functional groups of the ENR, stress could be efficiently transferred from the ENR matrix to the stiff CNFs, resulting in a significant increase in the mechanical properties. Compared with those of the neat ENR, the tensile strength and Young's modulus of the ENR nanocomposites were improved by 80 and 39 %, respectively, with the incorporation of 2 parts per hundred rubber (phr) CNFs, whereas no loss in elongation at break was observed. The introduction of CNFs also improved the oil resistance of the nanocomposites. Therefore, CNFs could be the potential reinforcing agent in the ENR nanocomposites used in the various engineering applications of the rubber material.

An Analytical Solution for Stress Transfer between a Broken Prestressing Wire and Mortar Coating in PCCP.

A prestressed concrete cylinder pipe (PCCP) consists of a concrete core, a steel cylinder, prestressing wires, and a mortar coating. Most PCCP failures are related to the breakage of prestressing wires. It is thus expected that the load-bearing capacity of PCCP is significantly affected by the length of the prestress loss zone and the stress distribution in the broken wire. Based on a tri-linear bond-slip model, the length of prestress loss zone and the stress transfer mechanism between a broken wire and a mortar coating are analysed in this paper. During the breaking (unloading) process of a prestressing wire, the interfacial bondline exhibits the following three stages: elastic stage, elastic-softening stage, and elastic-softening-debonding stage. The closed-form solutions for the interfacial slip, the interfacial shear stress, and the axial stress in the broken wire are derived for each stage. The solutions are verified by the finite element predictions. A parametric study is presented to investigate the effects of the size of the prestressing wires, the prestressing level, the interfacial shear strength, and the residual interfacial shear strength on the interfacial stress transfer. For an example PCCP with an inner diameter of 4 m, the length of prestress loss zone increases from 500 mm to 3300 mm as the radius of prestressing wire increases from 1 mm to 7 mm. It increases from 2700 mm to 7700 mm when the interfacial shear strength reduces from 3.94 MPa to 0.62 MPa and reduces from 13,200 mm to 7300 mm as the residual interfacial shear stress factor increases from 0.1 to 0.9.

Pre-collapse femoral head necrosis treated by hip abduction: a computational biomechanical analysis.

Background and objective: Clinical studies indicated that femoral head collapse (FHC) occurs in 90% of patients without intervention within five years after the diagnosis of femoral head necrosis (FHN). The management of the FHN is still a great challenging task. Clinical studies indicated that hip abduction as physical therapy represents an effective hip preservation method. However, the mechanism is unclear. In this study, we use computational biomechanical technology to investigate mechanical response in FHN patients with hip abduction and establish guide protocols for FHN rehabilitation. Materials and methods: Thirty computational models were constructed for evaluating the safety of hip abduction and comparing the biomechanical performance of hip abduction for the treatment of different necrotic classifications. The distribution of principal compressive stress (PCS) and load share ratio (LSR) were computed and used for biomechanical evaluation. Results: Before the start of physical therapy, when the size of necrotic segment is increased and located more laterally, the damage area of PCS enlarged and LSR of subchondral cortical to trabecular bone increased. As the increase of hip abduction angle, PCS of Type B transformed into Type A, PCS of Type C1 transformed into Type B, PCS of Type C2 transformed into Type C1; Except Type C2, the LSR return to normal level. Discussion and conclusion: Stress transfer damaged pattern correlated significantly with necrotic classification. Hip abduction motions effectively enlarge the area of PCS and recover the LSR of different structures by altering motion posture during gait. The results indicated that hip abduction may be an effective physical therapy in improving hip function and interrupt the disease pathway of FHC and THA.

Cellulose lattice strains and stress transfer in native and delignified wood.

Small specimens of spruce wood with different degrees of delignification were studied using in-situ tensile tests and simultaneous synchrotron X-ray diffraction to reveal the effect of delignification and densification on their tensile properties at relative humidities of 70-80 %. In addition to mechanical properties, these analyses yield the ratio of strains in the cellulose crystals and in the bulk, which reflects the stress-transfer to crystalline cellulose. While the specific modulus of elasticity slightly increases from native wood by partial or complete delignification, the lattice strain ratio does not show a significant change. This could indicate a compensatory effect from the decomposition of the amorphous matrix by delignification and from a tighter packing of cellulose crystals that would increase the stress transfer. The reduced strain to failure and maximum lattice strain of delignified specimens suggests that the removal of lignin affects the stress-strain behavior with fracture at lower strain levels.

Simultaneous toughness and stiffness of 3D printed nano-reinforced polylactide matrix with complete stereo-complexation via hierarchical crystallinity and reactivity.

A novel strategy adaptive to 3D printing of stereo-complexed polylactide matrix for simultaneous toughness and stiffness was designed. Stereo-complexation is a potent way to enhance both aqueous stability and heat resistance of polylactide, but also aggravates brittleness problem of polylactide. Though poly(butyleneadipate-co-terephthalate) elastomer with epoxidized compatibilizer improved stiffness and toughness of common polylactide, their effectiveness on mechanical and crystallization properties of stereo-complexed polylactide remained unknown. More importantly, incorporation of above techniques into 3D printing kept a fundamental challenge. Both stereo-complexation of polylactide and covalent coupling of polylactide and poly(butyleneadipate-co-terephthalate) by epoxidized compatibilizer are easy to occur when preparing the filaments for printing, impeding the following 3D printing procedure. The hypothesis for this research is that controlled hierarchical crystallization and reaction in three thermal processes could ensure simultaneous toughness and stiffness, and complete stereo-complexation in polylactide matrices. Reinforcing effects of a selected epoxidized compatibilizer, POSS(epoxy)8, on crystallinities, thermal properties, mechanical properties and morphologies were systematically studied. Such a strategy not only removed the obstacles in incorporating stereo-complexation and coupling techniques of polylactide into 3D printing, but also revealed the mechanism to produce high-performance 3D printed polylactide matrix via hierarchical crystallization and reaction.

Deformation of and Interfacial Stress Transfer in Ti3C2 MXene-Polymer Composites.

Transitional metal carbides and nitrides (MXenes) have promise for incorporation into multifunctional composites due to their high electrical conductivity and excellent mechanical and tribological properties. It is unclear, however, to what extent MXenes are also able to improve the mechanical properties of the composites and, if so, what would be the optimal flake size and morphology. Herein, Ti3C2Tx MXene is demonstrated to be indeed a good candidate for mechanical reinforcement in polymer matrices. In the present work, the strain-induced Raman band shifts of mono-/few-/multilayer MXenes flakes have been used to study the mechanical properties of MXene and the interlayer/interfacial stress transfer on a polymer substrate. The mechanical performance of MXene was found to be less dependent upon flake thickness compared to that of graphene. This enables Ti3C2Tx MXene to offer an efficient mechanical reinforcement to a polymer matrix with a flake length of >10 µm and a thickness of 10s of nanometers. Therefore, the degree of exfoliation of MXenes is not as demanding as other two-dimensional (2D) materials for the purpose of mechanical enhancement in polymers. In addition, the active surface chemistry of MXene facilitates possible functionalization to enable a stronger interface with polymers for applications, such as strain engineering and mechanical enhancement, and in materials including membranes, coatings, and textiles.

On the Use of High-Resolution and Deep-Learning Seismic Catalogs for Short-Term Earthquake Forecasts: Potential Benefits and Current Limitations.

Enhanced earthquake catalogs provide detailed images of evolving seismic sequences. Currently, these data sets take some time to be released but will soon become available in real time. Here, we explore whether and how enhanced seismic catalogs feeding into established short-term earthquake forecasting protocols may result in higher predictive skill. We consider three enhanced catalogs for the 2016-2017 Central Italy sequence, featuring a bulk completeness lower by at least two magnitude units compared to the real-time catalog and an improved hypocentral resolution. We use them to inform a set of physical Coulomb Rate-and-State (CRS) and statistical Epidemic-Type Aftershock Sequence (ETAS) models to forecast the space-time occurrence of M3+ events during the first 6 months of the sequence. We track model performance using standard likelihood-based metrics and compare their skill against the best-performing CRS and ETAS models among those developed with the real-time catalog. We find that while the incorporation of the triggering contributions from new small magnitude detections of the enhanced catalogs is beneficial for both types of forecasts, these models do not significantly outperform their respective near real-time benchmarks. To explore the reasons behind this result, we perform targeted sensitivity tests that show how (a) the typical spatial discretizations of forecast experiments ( ≥ 2 km) hamper the ability of models to capture highly localized secondary triggering patterns and (b) differences in earthquake parameters (i.e., magnitude and hypocenters) reported in different catalogs can affect forecast evaluation. These findings will contribute toward improving forecast model design and evaluation strategies for next-generation seismic catalogs.