RESUMO
Infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remains a significant problem globally. Early diagnosis and treatment with antiretroviral drugs has considerably improved health outcomes and decreased disease-related morbidity. HIV infection is associated with a wide range of skin disorders enabling dermatologists to diagnose HIV as well as associated opportunistic infections early in the course of disease. Despite concerted efforts by international health organizations to limit disease incidence, the prevalence of HIV infection remains high and is highest in sub-Saharan Africa. The diagnosis of HIV-related skin diseases is challenging as immunosuppression often results in atypical disease presentation. In addition, the clinical presentation will vary in pigmented skin types. The aim of this article is to describe disease variation in pigmented skin types.
Assuntos
Infecções por HIV/diagnóstico , Pigmentação da Pele/fisiologia , Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/complicações , Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/diagnóstico , Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/etnologia , Diagnóstico Tardio , Dermatite/complicações , Dermatite/diagnóstico , Dermatite/etnologia , Dermatomicoses/complicações , Dermatomicoses/diagnóstico , Dermatomicoses/etnologia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Toxidermias/complicações , Toxidermias/diagnóstico , Toxidermias/etnologia , Diagnóstico Precoce , Infecções por HIV/complicações , Infecções por HIV/etnologia , Doenças do Cabelo/complicações , Doenças do Cabelo/diagnóstico , Doenças do Cabelo/etnologia , Humanos , Leishmaniose Cutânea/complicações , Leishmaniose Cutânea/diagnóstico , Leishmaniose Cutânea/etnologia , Doenças da Unha/complicações , Doenças da Unha/diagnóstico , Doenças da Unha/etnologia , Dermatopatias Bacterianas/complicações , Dermatopatias Bacterianas/diagnóstico , Dermatopatias Bacterianas/etnologia , Dermatopatias Virais/complicações , Dermatopatias Virais/diagnóstico , Dermatopatias Virais/etnologia , Neoplasias Cutâneas/complicações , Neoplasias Cutâneas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Cutâneas/etnologiaRESUMO
Internationally adopted children often present diseases contracted in the country of origin. Skin diseases are common in new arrivals, and diagnosis may prove challenging for GPs or even dermatologists if they are inexperienced in the extensive geographic and ethnic diversity of international adoptees. To analyse the frequency and characteristics of skin diseases in international adoptees. In total, 142 adoptees were evaluated for a cross-sectional cohort study. The most frequent diseases observed at arrival were dermatological conditions. Of the adoptees, 70% presented at least one skin disease, of which 57.5% were infectious; Tinea capitis being the most frequent (n = 42). The recovery rate of Tinea capitis was 89% (n = 32/36). Ten cases of scabies were diagnosed. Other diseases included viral skin infection (n = 22), with 16 cases of Molluscum contagiosum and bacterial infection. Skin diseases are very common in internationally adopted children. There is a need for close collaboration between dermatologists and paediatricians to diagnose such infections, as well as clear guidelines to treat them.