Association between serum IgG concentrations and the incidence of infections in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and secondary immunodeficiency under treatment with Privigen.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentrations and the incidence of infections in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and secondary immunodeficiency receiving treatment with Privigen. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data was analyzed from a non-interventional study conducted in 31 centers in Germany and 1 in Austria. Adult CLL patients with hypogammaglobulinemia and recurrent infections were allowed to enter the study upon signing informed consent, if a prior decision for treatment with Privigen had been made. All infections requiring an antimicrobial treatment were subject to analysis. Patients were stratified according to their mean post-baseline serum IgG trough levels in a group with lower IgG trough levels (≤ 5.0 g/L), and a group with higher IgG trough levels (> 5.0 g/L). RESULTS: Overall, 89 patients and 840 treatment cycles were analyzed. Up to 11 treatment cycles (average duration 29 days) were documented in each patient. In the group with higher IgG trough levels (> 5.0 g/L, N = 72), significantly fewer infections were observed than in the group with lower IgG trough levels (≤ 5.0 g/L, N = 17), including fewer severe and serious infections. The Privigen dosage was a major determinant of the post-baseline serum IgG levels. Overall tolerability of Privigen was assessed as very good or good in 91% of patients. CONCLUSION: This analysis confirms the association of serum IgG trough levels with the incidence of infections and highlights the importance of careful monitoring of IgG levels during treatment of secondary immunodeficiencies in CLL patients.

Proof-of-concept study evaluating humoral primary immunodeficiencies via CJ:KREC ratio and serum BAFF level.

Humoral primary immunodeficiencies are the most prevalent form of primary immunodeficiency (PID). Currently, there is no convenient method to quantify newly formed B cells. The aim of this proof-of-concept study was to quantitate the ratio of coding joints (CJs) to Kappa-deleting recombination excision circles (KRECs) and serum B cell activating factor (BAFF) in patients with humoral primary immunodeficiency and assess if they correlate with disease severity. This IRB-approved study was conducted at one academic children's hospital. Patients with humoral PIDs and healthy controls were included. CJ and KREC levels were measured via qPCR. Serum BAFF levels were measured using Mesoscale. 16 patients with humoral PID and 5 healthy controls were included. The mean CJ:KREC ratio in the CVID, antibody deficiency syndromes, and controls groups, respectively were 13.04 ± 9.5, 5.25 ± 4.1, and 4.38 ± 2.5 (p = 0.059). The mean serum BAFF levels in CVID, antibody deficiency syndromes and controls were 216.3 ± 290 pg/mL, 107.9 ± 94 pg/mL and 50.9 ± 12 pg/mL, respectively (p = 0.271). When the CVID patients were subdivided into CVID with or without lymphoproliferative features, the BAFF level was substantially higher in the CVID with lymphoproliferation cohort (mean 372.4 ± 361 pg/mL, p = 0.031). Elevated CJ:KREC ratio was observed in CVID, although statistical significance was not achieved, likely due to the small sample size. Serum BAFF levels were significantly higher in CVID patients with lymphoproliferative features. We speculate that the CJ:KREC ratio and serum BAFF levels can be utilized in patients with humoral PID, once more extensive studies confirm this exploratory investigation.

Metabolic and hematologic changes occurring after rapid intravenous infusion of gammaglobulin in patients with antibody deficiency syndromes

We wished to investigate whether increased IgG infusion rates are associated with metabolic and hematologic changes in pediatric patients with antibody deficiency syndromes. Methods: We studied 7 patients (2-16 years old) with primary antibody deficiencies who had been on regular IgG replacement treatment, 350-600 mg/kg/dose every 3 weeks with a 3 per cent IVIG preparation, for periods ranging from 6 months to 4 years. Initially, the IgG concentration of IVIG preparations was increased to 6, 9 and 12 per cent in consecutive infusions at a constant IgG infusion rate of 4 mg/kg/min. Subsequently the infusion rates were increased to 8, 12, and 16 mg/kg/min using the IVIG 12 per cent preparation. Results: Clinically, all patients tolerated increases in IVIG concentrations white the infusion rate was 4 mg/kg/min. However, 3 patients presented side effects when the infusion rate was increased to 8 and 16 mg/kg/min. Conclusion: We conclude that metabolic and hematologic sides effects, occur with rapid infusion of IVIG even in patients who tolerate the increased infusion rate clinically. The advantages of using high infusion rates have to be re-evaluated.

Ateraciones en el extendido de sangre periferica en las inmunodeficiencias primarias / Alterations in the peripheal blood spreading in primary inmunodeficiencies

Los datos obtenidos a partir del extendido de sangre periférica son esenciales para el diagnóstico de diversas enfermedades, como en el caso particular de las inmunodeficiencias primarias, donde son considerados un parámetro clave. Las inmunodeficiencias primarias son un grupo de trastornos heterogéneos y complejos del sistema inmunológico, frecuentemente asociados con anormalidades en el número y/o en la morfología de las células sanguíneas. Estas alteraciones pueden ser observadas en un extendido de sangre periférica y fácilmente asociadas con algunas inmunodeficiencias en particular, brindando orientación para el diagnóstico y el tratamiento oportuno y adecuado de los pacientes. Esta revisión resume las alteraciones que pueden encontrarse en el estudio del extendido de sangre periférica de los pacientes con inmunodeficiencias primarias, recalcando la importancia de esta prueba en la práctica clínica, especialmente en la evaluación de los pacientes con alteraciones en el sistema inmune.

Hipogamaglobulinemia com imunoglobulina M normal ou aumentada: relato de casos / Hypergammaglobulinemia with normal or elevated immunoglobulinemia - a case report

A hipogamaglobulinemia com imunoglobulina M (IgM) normal ou elevada é uma imunodeficiência raramente observada, sendo também conhecida com o nome de síndrome de Hiper IgM. Esta síndrome é diagnosticada em pacientes portadores de níveis séricos de imunoglobulinas (IgG e IgA) diminuídos, com níveis de imunoglobulina M (IgM) normais ou elevados. O objetivo do presente relato é descrever as características clínico-laboratoriais e a evoluçäo de dois pacientes portadores desta síndrome, com idades de 2 anos e 10 meses e 10 anos, acompanhados na Unidade de Alergia e Imunologia do ICr HCFMUSP. As manifestaçöes clínicas foram precoces, com infecçöes recorrentes de vias aéreas e trato gastrointestinal. A avaliaçäo imunológica encontramos diminuiçäo dos níveis de IgG e IgA, com níveis de IgM normais no primeiro paciente e elevados (acima do percentil 97,5) no segundo paciente. Após o diagnóstico, os pacientes receberam gamaglobulina, antibióticos e orientaçäo quanto à nutriçäo e ambiente físico, com melhora evidente dos sintomas apresentados e sem o desenvolvimento de complicaçöes. Os autores ressaltam a importância do diagnóstico precoce da síndrome de Hiper IgM para tratamento adequado e controle dos processos infecciosos.