Large teams develop and small teams disrupt science and technology.

One of the most universal trends in science and technology today is the growth of large teams in all areas, as solitary researchers and small teams diminish in prevalence1-3. Increases in team size have been attributed to the specialization of scientific activities3, improvements in communication technology4,5, or the complexity of modern problems that require interdisciplinary solutions6-8. This shift in team size raises the question of whether and how the character of the science and technology produced by large teams differs from that of small teams. Here we analyse more than 65 million papers, patents and software products that span the period 1954-2014, and demonstrate that across this period smaller teams have tended to disrupt science and technology with new ideas and opportunities, whereas larger teams have tended to develop existing ones. Work from larger teams builds on more-recent and popular developments, and attention to their work comes immediately. By contrast, contributions by smaller teams search more deeply into the past, are viewed as disruptive to science and technology and succeed further into the future-if at all. Observed differences between small and large teams are magnified for higher-impact work, with small teams known for disruptive work and large teams for developing work. Differences in topic and research design account for a small part of the relationship between team size and disruption; most of the effect occurs at the level of the individual, as people move between smaller and larger teams. These results demonstrate that both small and large teams are essential to a flourishing ecology of science and technology, and suggest that, to achieve this, science policies should aim to support a diversity of team sizes.

Using technology to promote the development of health science libraries in China.

From the point of view of the development of libraries, technology has made possible the emergence and development of library automation; digital libraries; mobile libraries; and smart libraries. This article briefly describes the impact of technological developments and application in Health Science Libraries in China in relation to collections development, service provision and the role of library associations.

Optimizing the use of technology to support people with diabetes: research recommendations from Diabetes UK's 2019 diabetes and technology workshop.

AIMS: To identify key gaps in the research evidence base that could help improve how technology supports people with diabetes, and provide recommendations to researchers and research funders on how best to address them. METHODS: A research workshop was conducted, bringing together research experts in diabetes, research experts in technology, people living with diabetes and healthcare professionals. RESULTS: The following key areas within this field were identified, and research recommendations for each were developed: Matching the pace of research with that of technology development Time in range as a measure Health inequalities and high-risk groups How to train people to use technology most effectively Impact of technology usage on mental health CONCLUSIONS: This position statement outlines recommendations through which research could improve how technology is employed to care for and support people living with diabetes, and calls on the research community and funders to address them in future research programmes and strategies.

Basal-IQ technology in the real world: satisfaction and reduction of diabetes burden in individuals with type 1 diabetes.

AIM: To describe person-reported outcomes of the Basal-IQ predictive low-glucose-suspend system (Tandem Diabetes Care, San Diego, CA, USA) in real-world use. METHODS: Adults with type 1 diabetes/caregivers of minors with type 1 diabetes completed the Diabetes Impact and Device Satisfaction questionnaire (11 items scored on 10-point Likert scales) prior to Basal-IQ system initiation, and at 2, 4 and 6 months post-initiation. Analysis was stratified by previous insulin treatment method. Beta mixed models were used to measure change in device satisfaction (e.g. trust, ease of use) and diabetes impact (e.g. hypoglycaemia fear, poor sleep) scores between time points, adjusting for baseline covariates. RESULTS: A total of 967 adults and caregivers [54% women, mean (sd) age 36 (17) years, 57% Tandem pump users, 27% non-Tandem pump users, 17% multiple daily injection users] completed surveys. Device satisfaction significantly increased from baseline to 2 months in all groups (P<0.001 multiple daily injection and non-Tandem pump users; P=0.048 Tandem pump users), and was sustained from 2 to 6 months in all groups. Diabetes impact decreased significantly from baseline to 2 months in all groups (P<0.001 for all), was sustained from 2 to 6 months in multiple daily injection and Tandem pump users, and increased slightly at 4 months/decreased at 6 months in non-Tandem users. CONCLUSION: The Basal-IQ system increased device satisfaction and reduced diabetes impact in all users in the first 2 months of use, and satisfaction was sustained over 6 months, with small fluctuations.

Annual review of Chinese Journal of Traumatology 2020.

The year 2020 is an extremely unusual year. The world lost more than one million lives due to the attack of COVID-19. Economic production has been greatly reduced, and daily activities are largely restricted. Luckily the work of Chinese Journal of Traumatology (CJTEE) has not been adversely affected. 2020 is a harvest year for the journal, which (1) was included in the high-quality academic journals by China Association for Science and Technology; (2) cover of each issue is newly designed; (3) submission increased by about 60% with more countries and regions covered; (4) usage in the ScienceDirect database exceeded a million; (5) the CiteScore rises to more than 2.0 the first time. This study reviewed the articles published in the year 2020 by CJTEE.

Puncturing the pipeline: Do technology companies alienate women in recruiting sessions?

A 'chilly' environment limits women's advancement through the educational pipeline leading to jobs in science and technology. However, we know relatively little about the environment women encounter after making it through the educational pipeline. Do technology companies create environments that may dampen women's interest at the juncture when they are launching their careers? Using original observational data from 84 recruiting sessions hosted by technology companies at a prominent university on the US West Coast, we find that company representatives often engage in behaviors that are known to create a chilly environment for women. Through gender-imbalanced presenter roles, geek culture references, overt use of gender stereotypes, and other gendered speech and actions, representatives may puncture the pipeline, lessening the interest of women at the point of recruitment into technology careers.

Does the early adopter catch the worm or choke on it? A reflective journey of the challenges of technology adoption in a health sciences education institution.

BACKGROUND: Early adoption of technology is a struggle well known to early adopters and now to me. Since the demand to use and implement technology in health professions' education has increased, I have been led to adopt various technologies, leading to many headaches. METHODS: This paper addresses my experiences in developing and implementing technology in health science classrooms in a setting not adequately equipped to do so. RESULTS: After reflecting on my experiences, I conclude that it is crucial that systems help innovators and early adopters as they work to develop and implement teaching and learning technology. Technical decisions should address the needs of the higher education educator. DISCUSSION: In addition, once an institution chooses a specific technological approach, such as using e-guides, there should be resources in place to support the forerunners of these initiatives.