[Immunomodulators of microbial origin enhance cytotoxicity of human mononuclear leukocytes and reduce metastatic progression of Lewis lung carcinoma in mice].

Effect of immunomodulators for microbial origin on innate immunity and antitumor system was continued to study. Immunomodificator Immunovac VP-4, purified staphylococcal toxoid and glucosaminyl muramyl dipeptide (GMDP) equally enhanced cytotoxicity of mononuclear leukocytes of peripheral blood of healthy donors. Index of cytotoxicity was 2.78, 2.77 and 2.70 respectively. Reduced metastatic progression of Lewis lung carcinoma in mice was observed after Immunovac VP-4 and GMDP administration. Effectiveness was seen when preparations administered according to schedules including their administration before implantation of the tumor. If preparations were administered number of metastases reduced in 4.4-5.6 times and size of metastases reduced in 7-10 times. Interplay between antitumor activity of studied immunomodulators and cytotoxic activity of NK-cells, which are base effectors of antitumor immune response, are discussed.

[The mechanisms of the impact of preliminary immunization with staphylococcus anatoxin on postresuscitation pathology of the myocardium].

Chronic experiments lasting for 5 weeks were carried out in 40 nonpedigree mature dogs. It has been detected that preliminary immunization with staphylococcus anatoxin potentiates the compensation mechanisms in the course of postresuscitation period, stimulates cell proliferation by increasing cardiac output that is an adaptive reaction of the cardiovascular system in postresuscitation period and provides optimal metabolism of the organism.

[Experimental study of the therapeutic action of the surface antigenic complex of Staphylococcus]. / Eksperimental'noe izuchenie lechebnogo deistviia poverkhnostnogo antigennogo kompleksa stafilokokka.

The comparative experimental study of the therapeutic action of staphylococcal antigenic complex obtained by the method of aqueous extraction, corpuscular formalinized vaccine and commercial staphylococcal preparations (native toxoid and antiphagin) revealed the statistically significant difference in the process of the healing of local dermatonecrotic inflammation in the rabbits treated with staphylococcal antigenic complex in comparison with the untreated rabbits.

[An experimental validation of immunotherapy with purified staphylococcal anatoxin]. / Eksperimental'noe obosnovanie immunoterapii anatoksinom stafilokokkovym ochishchennym.

Inbred mice have proved to be a promising model for the evaluation of antigen-specific and antigen-nonspecific immunomodulating activity of purified staphylococcal toxoid in humans. This toxoid induces the formation of pronounced humoral response to homologous and heterologous infections in humans and mice. In animal experiments purified staphylococcal toxoid has shown its capacity for the correction of secondary immune deficiency of different origin; when introduced into humans having secondary immunodeficiency associated with bacterial infections of different etiology, the preparation reproduces this effect.

[Clinical and immunological changes in atopic dermatitis patients treated with purified staphylococcal toxoid]. / Klinicheskie i immunologicheskie izmeneniia u bolnykh atopicheskim dermatitom pri terapii anatoksinom stafilokokkovym ochishchennym.

32 patients with atopic dermatitis (AD), complicated by pyoderma, were treated with purified staphylococcal toxoid (PST). Changes in clinical and laboratory characteristics in the course of treatment were evaluated. PST was shown to produce a satisfactory therapeutic effect, arresting the symptoms of local staphylococcal infection. An increase in the levels of alpha- and gamma-interferons and decreased content of CD25+ lymphocytes were found. Thus prospects appear for using this preparation as an interferon inductor, as well a for the immunotherapy of AD patients sensitized to Staphylococcus aureus.

[The capacity of purified staphylococcal anatoxin to correct antigen-specific and antigen-nonspecific immunological defects]. / Sposobnost' anatoksina stafilokokkovogo ochishchennogo ispravliat' antigenspetsificheskii i antigennespetsificheskii immunologicheskie defekty.

Purified staphylococcal toxoid is capable of partially preventing the development of antigen-specific (induced by the supraoptimal dose of sheep red blood cells) and antigen-nonspecific (induced by Tahyna virus) defects of humoral immune response, as well as abolishing these defects. The presence and manifestation of the correction of virus-induced immunodeficiency is determined by the dose of the toxoid and the interval between the injections of purified staphylococcal toxoid and the infective agent.

[An immunomodifier--staphylococcal anatoxin--prevents the development of immunosuppression caused by informational stress in mice]. / Immunomodifikator--stafilokokkovyi anatoksin--preduprezhdaet razvitie immunosupressii, vyzvannoi informatsionnym stressom u myshei.

The action of information stress for 14 days leads to the development of immunosuppression, which is manifested by the suppression of humoral response to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and the decrease of resistance to Langat virus having low pathogenicity. As shown in this investigation, an immunomodifier, purified staphylococcal toxoid (PST), protects experimental animals from the immunosuppressive effect of information stress. After the injection of PST to stress-affected mice in doses of 15 or 1.5 binding units per animal on days 9, 11 and 13 of the experiment their humoral response to SRBC and resistance to Langat virus are partially restored (by 45-60%).

[A new treatment possibility for dogs with chronic or recurrent pyoderma]. / Een nieuwe behandelingsmogelijkheid voor honden met chronische of recidiverende pyodermieën.

Effective treatment of chronic or recurrent pyodermas in dogs is often found to be difficult. The disease apparently results from a change in the balance between the infecting microorganism: Staphylococcus aureus, and the host. This change in the normal equilibrium could be due to enhanced virulence of the infecting strain of staphylococci, but is more likely to have been caused by host factors such as disturbed non-specific defence mechanisms (of the skin) or malfunction of the immune response, e.g. hypersensitivity. When conventional forms of treatment such as grooming, skin-hygienic measures and antibiotics fail or relapses occur, immunotherapy with a staphylococcal vaccine or toxoid might be considered. In studies with experimental animals it was shown alpha-toxoid was superior to other staphylococcal toxoids or vaccines in preventing skin lesions. Four dogs with deep-seated chronic pyodermas were treated with staphylococcal alpha-toxoid emulsified in Freund's adjuvant. Three of these animals recovered, but because of severe unwanted side-effects, this form of therapy was abandoned. Ten dogs with deep-seated chronic primary pyodermas were treated with a commercially available alpha- and beta-toxoid preparation (Isopyos). Nine of these patients recovered. In two cases, however, relapses occurred several months later, but the symptoms disappeared again after a booster injection. One dog did not respond; its condition deteriorated and it had to be euthanised. As the dogs received toxoid intracutaneously as well as intramuscularly, the positive effect might be due to desensitization of the animals rather than to immunisation.

[Clinico-immunological parallels in chronic bronchitis and the role of endobronchial immunostimulation in preventing recurrences]. / Kliniko-immunologicheskie paralleli khronicheskogo bronkhita i rol' éndobronkhial'noi immunostimuliatsii v profilaktike ego retsidivov.

The authors have demonstrated high efficacy of endobronchial immunostimulation with staphylococcal anatoxin in preventing exacerbations of chronic bronchitis in industrial workers. Prognostic criteria of the screening of the patients for prophylaxis have been developed.

[A complex vaccine in the prevention of staphylococcal, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus infections in esophageal cancer patients]. / Kompleksnaia vaktsina v profilaktike stafilokokkovoi, sinegnoinoi i proteinoi infektsii u bol'nykh rakom pishchevoda.

An analysis of clinico-immunological data has demonstrated a considerable decline in non-specific and specific defences against such major factors of hospital infection in esophageal cancer patients as staphylococcal, blue pus and Proteus bacilli. Immunization with a complex vaccine including concentrated staphylococcal anatoxin, blue pus and Proteus vaccines was shown to stimulate the said factors of anti-infectious immunity and to be followed by a 4.7-fold decrease in the incidence of postoperative pyo-inflammatory complications. The said vaccine may be recommended for prevention of infectious complications in cancer patients since its administration is followed by a low-level reaction matched by a marked increase in immunologic vigor.

[The correction of immunity in adolescents and children with focal staphylococcal diseases]. / Korektsiia imunitetu u pidlitkiv i ditei z vohnyshchevymy stafilokokovymy zakhvoriuvanniamy.

The aim of the work done was to improve treatment options for focal Staphylococcus-induced diseases in adolescents and children with the aid of adsorbed staphylococcal anatoxin (ASA) concurrently with low-intensive EHF therapy. Overall fifty patients aged 3 to 17 years with Staphylococcus infection in tonsils, nose, ears were kept under medical surveillance. ASA and EHF therapies were instituted according to the developed schemes of such therapies. Positive dynamics was shown of clinical picture and parameters characterizing humoral and cell-mediated immunity. There were no unfavourable side-effects. The proposed mode of treatment can, we believe, be widely used in a clinical setting.

[Clinical evaluation of immunologic reactivity of the organism and immunotherapy in purulent surgical infection]. / Klinicheskaia otsenka immunologicheskoi reaktivnosti organizma i immunoterapii pri gnoinoi khirurgicheskoi infektsii.

The reaction of leukocytolysis with microbial standard allergens is found to be more sensitive than the intracutaneous test to detect the bacterial allergy in patients with a purulent surgical infection. The microbial allergization of the organism is followed by a considerable inhibition of the humoral and cell immunity. Immunotherapy must be included in the complex treatment of patients with purulent surgical infection for elimination of the specific sensibilization and improvement of the immune reactivity of the organism.

[Immunotherapy in the complex treatment of acute suppurative diseases of soft tissues and the hand under ambulatory conditions]. / Immunoterapiia v kompleksnom lechenii ostrykh zabolevanii miagkikh tkanei i kisti v ambulatornykh usloviiakh.

On the basis of clinical experiences with the surgical treatment of 145 patients the authors recommend using active immunization with staphylococcal anatoxin after operation. It is found to shorten the time of treatment.

[Prevention of suppuration in open fractures]. / Profilaktika nagnoenii pri otkrytykh perelomakh kostei

The authors have elaborated the complex of prophylactic measures against suppuration in treatment of open bone fractures, a special attention being given to the use of specific and nonspecific antistaphylococcic drugs: antibiotics of a wide spectrum of action, adsorbed staphylococcic anatoxin and staphyloccic polyvalent bacteriophage. Therapeutic measures and the results of their utilization are described.

[Prevention and treatment of staphylococcal infections and their complications, in surgical practice with biological products]. / O profilaktike i lechenii stafilokokkovykh zabolevanii i oslozhnenii spetsificheskimi biopreparatami v khirurgicheskoi praktike

In the clinic 307 patients with suppurative lesions were observed, in 183 of them (the main group) staphylococcic anatoxin was administered with prophylactic and therapeutic purposes, 124 patients (the control group) were treated with antibiotics, including 231 patients with acute appendicitis, 23--with osteomyelitis, 48--with mastitis and 5 patients with various purulent complications of staphylococcic etiology. Among 231 patients with acute appendicitis 125 comprised the main group who were injected staphylococcic anatoxin, and 106--the control group. In the latter the incidence of the operative wound suppuration was observed thrice as frequently.

[Treatment of post-traumatic osteomyelitis of the ong tubular bones with antistaphylococcal plasma]. / Lechenie postrravmaticheskogo osteomielita dlinnykh trubchatykh kostei antistafilokokkovoi plazmoi

The results and methods of treatment in 26 patients showing posttraumatic osteomyelitis of long tubular bones with antistaphylococcal plasma are described. This is a preliminary report, but it is believed that intramedullary, intravenous and local administration of antistaphylococcal plasma neutrolizes staphylococci in the wound and blood, produces a greater reactivity of the body and proves to be a rather effective measure in combating against staphylococcal infection in osteomyelitis.

[Use of heterologous antistaphylococcal gamma-globulin in treating suppurative mastitis]. / Primenenie geterologichnogo protivostafilokokkovogo gamma-globulina pri lechenii gnoinogo mastita.

The effectiveness of heterologic antistaphylococcal gammaglobulin was studied in the clinic in 67 cases of acute lactogenous mastitis. The activity of the preparation was 200 A. E/ml. The Bezredko method of injection was used--l ml once a day during 5 days. The treatment resulted in the decrease of intoxication, purification of the surgical wound, normalization on non-specific protection factors, rise of antistaphylococcal antitoxin titers and decrease of autosensitization phenomena.