Analytical and microbiological characterization of paper samples exhibiting foxing stains.
Microsc Microanal
; 21(1): 63-77, 2015 Feb.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-25787782
ABSTRACT
This work comprises the use of a multi-analytical approach combined with microbiological studies to characterize six paper samples, containing foxing stains, from the 20th century, regarding their cellulose matrix, fillers, and sizing materials, and to evaluate possible paper degradation that might have occurred during the foxing stains. Photography under different illuminations and optical microscopy were used for morphological characterization of the paper samples and foxing stains. Scanning electron microscopy coupled energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) was of particular importance for defining the presence of fiber disorder and disruption on the surface of some of the stains, and localized accumulations of mineral-like particles on the surface of others. SEM-EDS, attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FT-IR), and energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) were used for the identification of mineral fillers, whereas sizing agents were analyzed using ATR-FT-IR. EDXRF results showed that no differences, within the standard deviation, were found in iron and copper contents between the foxed and unfoxed areas. Fungi belonging to the genus Penicillium spp. were found in all the paper samples. Unfoxed areas presented lower contamination than the foxed areas.
Palavras-chave
Texto completo:
1
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Papel
/
Bactérias
/
Corantes
/
Fungos
Tipo de estudo:
Prognostic_studies
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Microsc Microanal
Ano de publicação:
2015
Tipo de documento:
Article
País de afiliação:
Portugal