Sex differences in asthma in swimmers and tennis players.
Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol
; 118(3): 311-317, 2017 03.
Article
em En
| MEDLINE
| ID: mdl-28126431
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:
Elite athletes, independent of sport, have increased risk of developing asthma, but little is known about sex difference among adolescent athletes.OBJECTIVE:
To investigate and compare sex-related differences according to symptoms and treatment of asthma, allergy, and health among elite athletes and a reference group.METHODS:
Adolescent elite swimmers (n = 101), tennis players (n = 86), and a reference group (n = 1,628) responded to a questionnaire about respiratory symptoms, allergy, health behavior, psychosomatic symptoms, self- esteem, and well-being. The athletes performed a mannitol provocation and a sport-specific exercise provocation. Atopy was assessed by skin prick tests, and fractional exhaled nitric oxide was measured.RESULTS:
The females reported more asthma symptoms than the males in both the reference group (29.1% vs 22.3%) and the athlete group (56.4% vs 40.2%). However, no significant differences were found in physician-diagnosed asthma or treatment with inhaled corticosteroids. More female athletes had a positive mannitol provocation result (48.7% vs 35.8% in male athletes), and more female swimmers had a positive exercise provocation result (15.1% vs 7.7% in male swimmers). The females in all groups had more psychosomatic symptoms compared with the respective males, and the males in the reference group reported higher self-esteem and felt more well-being compared with the reference group females.CONCLUSION:
Overall, we found a higher prevalence of asthma symptoms in the females. However, the frequency of physician-diagnosed asthma and the prescription of inhaled corticosteroids were the same in both sexes. This finding demonstrates an insufficient diagnosis of asthma in females.
Texto completo:
1
Base de dados:
MEDLINE
Assunto principal:
Asma
/
Natação
/
Tênis
/
Atletas
Tipo de estudo:
Diagnostic_studies
/
Prevalence_studies
/
Risk_factors_studies
Limite:
Adolescent
/
Adult
/
Female
/
Humans
/
Male
Idioma:
En
Revista:
Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol
Assunto da revista:
ALERGIA E IMUNOLOGIA
Ano de publicação:
2017
Tipo de documento:
Article